Newsletter Vol 19 Issue 3, 2011 – California Invasive Plant Council

Vol. 19, No. 3

Fall 2011

Cal-IPC News
Protecting California’s Natural Areas from Wildland Weeds
Quarterly Newsletter of the California Invasive Plant Council

Cal-IPC celebrates 20 years!

At one of Cal-IPC’s field trips at the 20th Annual
Symposium participants biked to the Upper
Truckee Marsh, the largest tributary of Lake
Tahoe. Perennial pepperweed invaded the adjoining meadow in the 1980s and has been under
control for more than a decade.

Inside:
Perennial pepperweed decision guide ..4
Long-term broom management ………..6
2011 Symposium in photos ………………8
Invasive plants in nurseries ……………12
Interview with Mike Kelly ………………13

From the Director’s Desk

What’s in a word?
Cal-IPC
1442-A Walnut Street, #462
Berkeley, CA 94709
ph (510) 843-3902 fax (510) 217-3500
www.cal-ipc.org info@cal-ipc.org
A California 501(c)3 nonprofit organization

Protecting California’s lands and waters
from ecologically-damaging invasive plants
through science, education, and policy.
STAFF
Doug Johnson, Executive Director
Elizabeth Brusati, Science Program Manager
Alice Chung, Training Program Specialist
Heather DeQuincy, Outreach Program Manager
Ginny King, Program Assistant
Agustín Luna, Business Manager
Bertha McKinley, Program Assistant
Dana Morawitz, Mapping Program Manager
Tony Morosco, Mapping Specialist
Cynthia Powell, Mapping & Modeling Specialist
Falk Schuetzenmeister, Mapping & Modeling Specialist
Arpita Sinha, Training Program Specialist
Jen Stern, Training Program Manager
DIRECTORS
Jason Giessow, President
Dendra, Inc.
John Knapp, Vice-President
Native Range, Inc.
Doug Gibson, Treasurer
San Elijo Lagoon Conservancy
Julie Horenstein, Secretary
California Department of Fish & Game
Edith Allen
University of California-Riverside
Peter Beesley
Pacific Gas and Electric
Jason Casanova
Council for Watershed Health
Edmund Duarte
Alameda County Department of Agriculture
Valerie Eviner
University of California-Davis
Kim Hayes
Elkhorn Slough Foundation
Sue Hubbard
Federal Employee

rticles have been flying around news outlets lately questioning the concept of
“invasive species” and the utility of ecological restoration work. Is it “Time to Stop
Worrying about Invasive Species” as suggested by Scientific American (6/8/11)?
The primary provocation for these articles is a short opinion piece called “Don’t
judge species on their origins” from June’s Nature magazine. The basic thesis of the
piece is hardly revolutionary; it is that not all non-native species are bad. Unfortunately
the authors imply that this is indeed revolutionary news, that land managers are
operating with blinders trying to “restore ecosystems to some ‘rightful’ historical state.”
(It is also troubling that the authors place importance in the fact that “introduction of
non-native species has almost always increased the number of species in a region.” Or in
the fact that tamarisk uses the same amount of groundwater as native willows—per leaf
area, and guess which has a lot more leaf area?)
As for the basic point of the piece, I agree with the authors: some non-native plants
can play a harmless, potentially even useful role in ecological function. In setting
priorities, land managers target non-natives whose impact is apparent, while leaving
less damaging invasives. And in cases where non-native plants may be playing a role in
supporting other species, land managers design their work accordingly. Working with
non-native species as part of the mix will be increasingly important for conservation as
climate change results in shifting vegetation communities,
The challenge remains determining the impacts – harmful or beneficial – of a
particular species. As Carla D’Antonio, keynote speaker at our recent Symposium,
pointed out, one scientific definition of “invasive” is simply “a non-native species that
is spreading.” It’s when an organization like Cal-IPC adds “and causes ecological harm”
to the equation that the accounting gets more difficult. Published studies of impacts are
limited, and placing a value on impacts becomes subjective. I expect that attributing
beneficial ecological impacts is equally challenging.
The authors’ recommendation to “organize priorities around whether species are
producing benefits or harm to biodiversity, human health, ecological services and
economies… and much less on where they originated” is not news to land managers.
Though the authors and media may prefer to treat the topic as revelatory, it is closer to
common sense.

Brent Johnson
Pinnacles National Monument
Shawn Kelly
Southern California Wetlands Recovery Project
Shea O’Keefe
Natural Resources Conservation Service
Peter Schuyler
Ecological Consultant
Andrea Williams
Marin Municipal Water District
STUDENT LIAISONS
Chelsea Carey, UC Merced
Kai Palenscar, UC Riverside
Affiliations for identification purposes only.

Cal-IPC News

Fall 2011 – Volume 19, Number 3
Editors: Doug Johnson, Elizabeth Brusati, Heather DeQuincy
Cal-IPC News is published quarterly by the California Invasive
Plant Council. Articles may be reprinted with permission from
the editors. Submissions are welcome. Mention of commercial
products does not imply endorsement by Cal-IPC. We reserve
the right to edit all work.
Cal-IPC is an equal opportunity employer.

Cal-IPC News Fall 2011

Symposium attendees making connections. See page 8 for more photos.

Wildland Weed NewsNewsNewsNewsNews
The state of California adopted a
“Strategic Framework for Protecting
California from Invasive Species”.
Leaders of six agencies signed off on the
document, which makes 46 recommendations for strengthening a coordinated
response to invasive species. The document was developed by the state’s advisory
committee on invasive species. The group
will now begin work on implementation.
www.iscc.ca.gov
Risk assessments to block invasive
wildlife would pay off. A UC Davis
study recently published in the journal
Ecological Economics estimated that a
nationwide risk-screening system would
yield net benefits ranging from approximately $54,000 to $141,000 per species.
They based their estimate on money

Cal-IPC Updates
Board election results
Please welcome new board
members Dan Knapp (Los Angeles
Conservation Corps) and Chris
McDonald (UC Cooperative
Extension, San Bernardino,
Riverside, and Imperial Counties),
who will begin their terms in
January. Peter Beesley, Jason
Giessow, and Peter Schuyler were
re-elected. Officers for 2012 will
be John Knapp (President), Jason
Casanova (Vice-President), Julie
Horenstein (Secretary), and Doug
Gibson (Treasurer). Valerie Eviner,
Brent Johnson, and Shea O’Keefe will
leave the board in December 2011.
New grants
We have received a grant from the
Marisla Foundation to support the
training program.
Staff changes
Suzanne Harmon has left Cal-IPC
to manage an organic farm in
Sonoma County, with sheep for
weed control!

currently spent to control species such as
Burmese pythons and Asian carp.
www.news.ucdavis.edu
UC Davis research has found that
organic herbicides can be effective when
weeds are small and environmental
conditions are optimum. However,
organic herbicides only kill contacted
tissue, good organic herbicide coverage is
essential. Organic herbicides only burn
back the tops of perennial weeds, and
they recover quickly. Organic herbicides
have no residual activity on subsequent
weed emergence. Researchers tested
several organic herbicides in agricultural
situations so it is uncertain how well
the results would translate to wildlands.
ucanr.org/blogs/blogcore/postdetail.
cfm?postnum=5623

New tools from Cal-IPC!
See page 7 for information on the
“Prevention Best Management Practices
for Land Managers” manual and page 11
for infomation on the CalWeedMapper
website.

New t-shirts
At the symposium we offered new
long-sleeved t-shirts. The dark brown
shirts can be ordered from our website
at www.cal-ipc.org/shop/index.php or call
(510) 843-3902. Sizes L, XL, and XXL
are available (the shirts run small).
Membership renewal
It’s time to renew your membership for
2012. Make it easy and renew online
now. www.cal-ipc.org/about/membership

Japanese dodder has been detected
in Lompoc, Santa Barbara County,
for the first time. This parasitic plant
looks like bright orange spaghetti and
can infest street trees, other ornamental
plants, and agricultural crops. It is
much larger than similar native species of dodder. See www.dodder.org for
photos and more information. Report
sightings of this species to your county
agricultural commissioner’s office. www.
kionrightnow.com/story/15379612/
invasive-plant-found-in-lompoc
“Noninvasive” cultivars may not be
as safe as advertised. Researchers at
Washington University and the Chicago
Botanic Garden, studying woody
ornamental plants, found that claims of
environmental safety are in most cases
based on misleading evidence that greatly
underestimates the plants’ invasive
potential. What is more, the offspring
of cultivars do not usually “breed true”
and may reproduce more than their
parents, especially if they cross with
plants from nearby wildland populations. Even a 95% reduction in seed
production may not be enough to make
an ornamental cultivar non-invasive.
www.aibs.org/bioscience-press-releases
The National Biological Information
Infrastructure (NBII) is a victim of
budget cuts. A program of the US
Geological Survey, NBII includes
resources such as maps of the vegetation in National Parks; the “National
Framework for Early Detection, Rapid
Assessment, and Rapid Response to
Invasive Species”; and the Gap Analysis
Program with digital species distribution maps. All of its projects and its
website will end in January 2012. www.
nbii.gov
A new aerial survey method shows that
leafy spurge is expanding after fire in
Idaho. Very Large Scale Aerial Imagery,
or VLSA, is a new way to collect
high-resolution photos automatically
…continued page 14

Cal-IPC News Fall 2011

Perennial pepperweed control decision guide
by Christine Whitcraft, CSU Long Beach

erennial pepperweed (Lepidium
latifolium) is a non-native crucifer
(mustard family) that was introduced
to California from southeastern Eurasia
in the 1930s. By 1993, perennial pepperweed was viewed as a major weed
throughout the western states in a variety
of habitats (Young et al. 1998, Renz
2001, Wilson et al. 2008). The Cal-IPC
Inventory rates it as a highly invasive
plant with high ecological impact, great
invasive potential, and widespread
distribution. It is also a CDFA B listed
species. It is very difficult to control
because new plants can easily regenrate
from pieces of roots left in the soil, even
those less than one inch long.
The ecological impacts of perennial
pepperweed establishment are extensive
and varied. In rangeland and agricultural
settings established colonies are typically
monocultures (Young et al. 1998). Yet,
in estuarine wetlands, several plant and
animal species co-exist with perennial
pepperweed as an understory species
(Reynolds and Boyer 2009).
Wetland ecosystems are particularly
susceptible to invasion due to their
landscape position, and ecosystem
functions and human services they
provide can be compromised by such
invasions (Zedler and Kercher 2004).
Invasive plant species are increasingly
significant management problems in
wetlands globally. In response to these
problems, land managers face daily
questions about the most effective and
responsible way to control perennial
pepperweed and about whether eradication is possible.
In the San Francisco Estuary, perennial
pepperweed alters native plant communities including several endangered ones
(Grewell et al. 2007, Fiedler et al. 2007).
The presence of perennial pepperweed
also alters soil properties, biogeochemical
cycling, and supply of detritus (Blank
and Young 2002). Finally, perennial

Cal-IPC News Fall 2011

The extent of perennial pepperweed invasion becomes clear during the flowering
season, shown here in the lightest color bloom.
pepperweed can potentially impact foodweb structure by shifting the invertebrate
community to species not widely
consumed (Reynolds and Boyer 2009).
These extensive ecological impacts occur
within areas of high conservation value
and emphasize the need for well-designed
control and eradication strategies.

Perennial pepperweed symposium
To address these needs the San
Francisco Bay National Estuarine
Research Reserve (SF Bay NERR), Solano
Land Trust (SLT), and California Coastal

principal aim was to address the
question of the state of the science and
management of perennial pepperweed
in the San Francisco Bay area and the
Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. This
required a two-pronged approach: (1)
understanding the ecology and impacts of
perennial pepperweed, and (2) discussing
and designing effective management and
control efforts.
Another goal of the symposia was to
create a decision guide that could help
streamline decision-making about control
and reduction of perennial pepperweed
by managers and landowners (Figure 1).
The decision guide highlights important
characteristics of wetland habitats (e.g.
Invaded habitat is
aquatic or terrestrial

Terrestrial
(see other chart)

Wetland (aquatic)

Classify Flow

Vernal pool

Tidal (muted)

Seasonal

Special considerations apply
-not covered in this document

Tidal (full salinity)

No Telar
(label specs.)

No Imaz

LELA not common
in full salinity

Classify Veg

LELA is mixed
with other veg

Identify associated
vegetation

Density
Canopy Closure

No rare plants under
or nearby

* Rare plants under
or nearby

Dip and Cut

Hand Removal
Possible

Treatment choice
based on
veg, soil, animal

Different phenology
(i.e. flowering later)

Wet Year

Early season spray
on LELA

Similar phenology

Buffer Zones
established

Hand wicking or
painting possible

Avoid treatment

Treatment choice
based on soil, animal

Reduced
control

Contain spread
outside patch

Depending on
animals
and soil

No mowing
or grazing

Susceptible to
trampling damage

Minimize trampling

No Grazing or mowing

* Defer to permitting agancy BMP’s

No rare animals
nearby

* Rare or endangered
animal using habitat

Compactness

Demonstrate control
w/glyphosate

Treatment choice
based on soil, animal

Conservancy organized
a symposia series
in 2008 on perennial pepperweed
with several goals
in mind. Our

Composition

Thin Stands

Thick Stands

Remove Thatch
Pre-spray

Environmental
Condition

Identify Associated
Animals

Classify Soil

Mineral

Organic

Range of herb and
non-herb possible

No Imaz

Hardpacked soil
not susceptible
to trampling damage

Can apply integrated
management
(mechanical and chemical)

If spraying appropriate
backpack or small aerial

Dry Year

Range of herb and
non-herb possible
Upstream First

Determine life history traits
of associated animals

Nest Finding

Flag and avoid
regardless of
treamtnent

New Satellite
and Central pops.
First

Choose treatment time
to minimize impacts

Spray if seasonal
patterns allow

Manual removal if
trampling is
not an issue

Early if LELA
up first

Hand pulling

Inundation

Mowing

Tarping

Perennial pepperweed control decision guide for wetlands.
Use this tool to determine the most appropriate type of
control for the situation. Available at www.cal-ipc.org/ip/
management/plant_profiles/Lepidium_latifolium.php

Table 1. Perennial pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium, LELA) summary treatment chart of pros and cons associated
with particular herbicide and mechanical treatment options for within wetland ecosystems.
Herbicide with potential wetland application options
Name
Pros
demonstrated effectiveness in some treatments over
several year reapplication
commonly used; good on thin stands; does not bind
glyphosate
to soil; limited reported toxicity
potential for control in single application; demonimazapyr
strated efficacy in tidal systems
demonstrated sigificant and multi-year control in
chlorsulfuron
some systems
2,4 D

Cons
potential toxicity implications; special applicator permit
required; limited effectiveness in some studies
potential non-target impacts to other vegetation
binds to soil; demonstrated residual and non-target
impacts in some systems
not rated for wetland/aquatic use; potential non-target
impacts

Mechanism of herbicide application
aerial

cover larger areas economically

backpack

target specific application; limited drift

wicking

minimizes damage to non-target, sensitive plants

painting

minimizes damage to non-target, sensitive plants

truck-mounted
least impact, faster and easier than backpack
hose reel
amphibious
access across rougher terrain
vehicle
ATV
cover larger areas, one person-job, more economical

requires proper equipment, drift is a potential issue
time-consuming, expensive labor; potential health issues
for applicator; trampling is potential issue
time-consuming; expensive labor; impossible to apply
large-scale; often less effective control
time-consuming; expensive labor; impossible to apply
large-scale; often less effective control
high initial cost, need to be w/in 1200 ft of vehicle
highest impact on sensitive areas
only acceptable on dry, harder soils

Mechanical control with potential wetland application
grazing

potential selectivity; lower residual impacts than
some herbicides; continual grazing can control

burning

kills most plants including LELA

tarping
disking

kills most plants including LELA; control unknown
lower residual impacts than some herbicides
lower residual impacts than some herbicides;
consistant mowing can reduce carbohydrate reserves
natural solution; restoration at same time

potential impacts less well-researched (nutrients, trampling, containment issues, non-selectivity)
non-discriminate; potentially dangerous to wildlife;
ineffective for control
not selective; non-target impacts not well-researched
potentially dangerous to wildlife; can increase spread
impossible on soft soils; dangerous to wildlife; little
control alone; not selective
expensive; requires extensive planning

can increase native diversity and density; can control

costly; requires extensive planning

mowing
inundation
active
restoration

Extensive literature review and follow-up conversations (omitted from this article) were involved in the production of this table.

plant biomass, height, soil parameters,
native plant composition) that should be
considered when deciding on a treatment
course. A separate decision guide was also
assembled for terrestrial ecosystems.

Establishing reasonable goals
Numerous attempts have been
undertaken to control, contain or
eradicate perennial pepperweed.

Eradication is the removal of every
individual and propagule of an invasive
species, and where possible is the favored
management choice (Zaveleta et al. 2001).
However, complete eradication may not
be feasible for many invaders. Control
and containment both require indefinite
investments of time, tools and money
to keep an invader at bay but provide
alternative strategies when eradication

is not possible. At the SF Bay NERR
symposium, it was generally agreed
that perennial pepperweed programs in
wetlands should be aimed at control or
containment, not eradication, in order to
be feasible.
There is a crucial need for continued
development and application of effective
…continued page 11

Cal-IPC News Fall 2011

Feature

Long-term broom management
by Ken Moore, Wildlands Restoration Team, Santa Cruz, kenmm23@gmail.com

hat does analytic geometry
have to do with invasive plant
management? In analytic geometry, an
asymptote of a curve is a straight line that
gets closer and closer to the curve, but
never actually touches it. The distance
between the curve and the line continually
approaches zero as they tend to infinity.
The asymptote has applications in fields
such as quantum mechanics, particle
theory, even philosophy.

asymptote

It also serves as a great metaphor. As
you approach infinity (or completion,
perfection, etc.) each further step becomes
more difficult. Take sharpening a cutting
implement. Sharpening weed tools is
fairly easy. But obtaining the edge needed
for a surgeon’s scalpel requires honing
with successively finer stones, followed by
polishing with successively finer rouges.
However, even that mirror edge looks
rough under a microscope, because the
finest abrasives still cannot produce the
theoretically perfect, sharpest edge.
In weed work where eradication is
the ultimate goal, infinity equals zero
presence. This is always challenging,
but broom, more than any other plant I
have tackled, epitomizes the asymptote
principle.

Three phases of broom control
Phase 1 is removal of standing
broom. Everything from hands to heavy
equipment is employed at this stage.

Cal-IPC News Fall 2011

While this appears to be the hardest step,
it is actually the easiest, even though it is
the most work! People love the satisfaction
they get from visible results.
Phase 2 is dealing with the sea of
seedlings triggered from the seedbank by
broom removal. Now the real difficulty
of controlling broom becomes apparent.
People don’t relish pulling endless
seedlings. Where they can be used,
methods like flaming and foliar spray are
best for larger sites. But after a few years,
native plant growth on most sites will
preclude using either of these methods.
Phase 3 is when native plants have
achieved sufficient size and density so
that broom is hard to see. Hand pulling
or stem treatments are required now,
and even seasoned pullers are missing
broom. You are close to finishing, yet it is
increasingly hard to prevent any seed set.
The asymptote principle! Paul Simon put
it succinctly: “The nearer your destination, the more you’re slip-sliding away.”
However, forces are gathering out
there which have taken me 25 years to
fully appreciate. Their effects are only
beginning to become visibly apparent,
and are therefore under-valued by many
land managers.
Broom cannot tolerate heavy shade. It
usually established following logging or
other activities that removed tree canopy.
Now that these areas are recovering,
broom is increasingly shaded out. And
where we’re boosting native re-growth by
removing broom, the effect is dramatic.
Check seed pods in shady areas. They may
still form, but not reach maturity.
Evolution is also helping. Yep, even
on broom sites! When broom initially
established here, browsing animals like
deer probably ignored it. But sooner or
later, one gets curious: “Hmmm, not
bad.” The word gets around!

Broom control Phase 1: Weed workers,
volunteers and large equipment remove
broom. This can be very satisfying!
Deer, rabbits, squirrels, gophers, wood
rats, mice, and voles have all benefitted
from our removing many of their
predators. There are more hungry mouths
to feed out there, especially herbivores.
Being nature’s larder on the hoof, they
multiply copiously!
Not only are there more mouths,
there’s less native forage available to them.
As we “convert” natural areas and invasive
species displace natives, those mouths may
increasingly turn to non-native plants to
survive.
But evolution does not manifest
itself overnight, so it is no wonder that
early signs of adaptation to broom by
browsers go unnoticed. On sites where
broom removal is not underway, it is
easy to miss, but look closely and you
will see it, even there. On sites where
broom is being controlled, the effects

Gophers and ground squirrels, who
work mostly underground, can completely sever the roots of large broom.

Check for sharp angled cuts on broom
around the edges of infestations. These
are made as deer nip off the tender ends
of young plants.

Wood rats, rabbits, mice, and voles
gnaw the tender cambium layer, and can
eventually girdle stems on the interior of
broom infestations.

of browsing escalate. As fewer plants
remain, they get hammered even harder.
This is particularly helpful in Phase 3,
when plants are harder to find. And those

hungry mouths are out there 24/7!
Are you feeling like these factors aren’t
significant? Think longer term, when
escalation of these combined processes

has kicked in! Browsers may not eradicate
broom by themselves, but they are not
alone! (There are many more of us out
there, as well. Some 150 people attended
Cal-IPC’s initial gathering in 1992, and
I remember wondering if we could ever
assemble that number again.) Seeing
browsers closing ranks behind us is
empowering. The best allies we could ever
have are the very ones we are working to
save.

Preventing the Spread of Invasive Plants:
Best Management Practices For Land Managers
ers
Cal-IPC has a new tool for land managers: a manual describing prevention Best
Management Practices (BMPs). Prevention practices are essential for limiting the
introduction and spread of invasive plants. Increasing awareness of potential vectors
ors
for the spread of invasive plants is critical to meeting conservation goals.
This manual provides essential guidelines for integrating prevention BMPs into
land management. Land managers can use this manual to conduct trainings
for work crews, provide language for contractor specifications, and to develop
educational materials for the public. It also includes ready-to-use checklists for
planners and field crews.
Each BMP is appropriate for particular situations; managers can select those
that are practical for their use. Download the manual at www.cal-ipc.org/ip/
prevention
This manual was funded through the American Recovery and Reinvestment
Act, with funding provided by the USDA Forest Service, State and Private
Forestry through the California Department of Food and Agriculture.

Cal-IPC News Fall 2011

2011 Cal-IPC Symposium in Tahoe

wenty years ago, a small group of people interested in invasive
plants met in Morro Bay to discuss forming a new organization
to support invasive plant research and management. Little did they
know that, two decades later, Cal-IPC would hold its 20th Annual
Symposium with 300 attendees, a pre-symposium field course, 33
presentations, 21 posters, six discussion groups and three field trips.
Although the snowy weather created some challenges, the sun came
out in time for Friday field trips.

Attendees gathered at the Granibakken Conference
Center in Tahoe City for two days of presentations.

The Symposium is always a time to meet friends again. Long-time
member Ken Moore (see his article on pg 6) with founding board
member Greg Archbald.
Cindy Roessler of Midpennisula Regional Open Space
District peruses one of the many great raffle prizes.

At the poster session, Eric Wrubel, NPS.
At the Oktoberfest, board members Peter Beesley and Jason Giessow
celebrate a year’s worth of great work.

Cal-IPC News Fall 2011

Find Symposium papers, posters
and presentations at
WWW.CAL-IPC.ORG

Congratulations to our
2011 Award Winners!
Jake Sigg Award for Vision and Dedicated Service:

Joe DiTomaso, of the University of California, Davis, for providing
extremely valuable resources, tools, and books for land managers in
California and beyond, and for helping guide Cal-IPC in many endeavors.
Ryan Jones Catalyst Award:

Dan Gluesenkamp of Calflora and Andrea Williams of the Marin
Municipal Water District, for taking tremendous initiative in conceiving
and building the Bay Area Early Detection Network (BAEDN).

Joe DiTomaso received a standing ovation.

Policy and Media Award:

USDA’s Plant Protection and Quarantine Division for approving the new NAPPRA protocol, which requires plant imports
to be screened for invasiveness. This is a major step in limiting the introduction of new
invasive plants into the country.
Golden Weed Wrench Award for Land Manager of the Year:

Sue Donaldson, of the University of Nevada Cooperative Extension, for her establishment
of successful Weed Warrior programs and her founding and coordinating the Lake Tahoe
Basin Weed Coordinating Group.
Organization of the Year:

Lake Tahoe Basin Weed Coordinating Group, for actively representing five counties
within two states, annually surveying 5,000 acres, hosting educational workshops, and
establishing herbicide use guidelines in a region known for its strict water control board.
Student Paper Contest:

1st Place: Kai Palenscar, UC Riverside: “How does light attenuation affect giant reed
(Arundo donax) establishment?” 2nd Place: Chelsea Carey, UC Merced. 3rd Place: Rachel
Brownsey, UC Davis.
Board Award

Sue Donaldson glowing!

The Cal-IPC board honored Doug Johnson with a special award, for ten years of growing
Cal-IPC’s capacity.

Photo Contest Winner: “Castor bean – The Movie” by Phillip Roullard (see www.cal-ipc.org/symposium). Pictured above left:
“Spotted knapweed in Squaw Valley” by Christian Eggleton, Forester’s Co-Op; right: “Fennel confronts Frisco” by Ruth Gravanis.

Cal-IPC News Fall 2011

Thank You
Symposium Sponsors!
PLATINUM SPONSORS
ACS Habitat Management
California Landscape Conservation
Cooperative
Pacific Gas and Electric Company
USDA Forest Service
US Fish and Wildlife Service
~ Inventory and Monitoring Program

Wendy West and LeeAnne Mila discuss regional efforts to
control invasive plants at gravel suppliers.

GOLD SPONSORS
California Native Plant Society
The state office and these chapters: Riverside/San
Bernardino, San Diego, and Santa Clara Valley.

National Park Service & The California
Exotic Plant Management Team
Santa Ana Watershed Association
Shelterbelt Builders, Inc.
Sierra Nevada Conservancy

SILVER SPONSORS
Bay Area Early Detection Network
California Weed Science Society
Center for Natural Lands
Management

Lars Anderson, UC Davis, shows attendees native and
non-native aquatic plants during the Emerald Bay field trip.

Dudek & HRS
Hedgerow Farms

BRONZE SPONSORS

B&J Trading, LLC
California Dept. of Food and Ag.
~ Integrated Pest Control Branch
Dendra, Inc.
Dow AgroSciences
DuPont Land Management

GREEN SPONSORS
Forester’s Co-Op
ICF International

Cal-IPC News Fall 2011

Dana Morawitz and Cynthia Powell demonstrate Cal-IPC’s CalWeedMapper
website during the poster and exhibitor session.

CalWeedMapper goes live

al-IPC’s yearlong mapping effort, undertaken
in partnership with WMAs and local experts
across the state, has culminated in the release of
CalWeedMapper, our new online mapping tool for
invasive plants. Hosted by Calflora at calweedmapper.
calflora.org, CalWeedMapper displays distribution,
spread and management status for each species by
USGS quad, as well as occurrence reports from
Calflora and the Consortium of California Herbaria.
CalWeedMapper also displays suitable range for species that we have modeled to date, including future
climate scenarios.
For any selected region, users can download a list of
management opportunities in which relevant species
are categorized as potential targets for surveillance,
eradication, or containment. Users can also select
individual quads to view source information and to
add their own comments to help update the maps.
Thank you to everyone who has participated in
building this tool and dataset! CalWeedMapper was funded through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, with funding
provided by the USDA Forest Service, State and Private Forestry through the California Department of Food and Agriculture. We
welcome your feedback on the beta version of CalWeedMapper. Try it out, and send comments to CWMwebmaster@cal-ipc.org!

…perennial pepperweed from page 5
eradication methodologies that are tailored to the particular invaded ecosystem.
Recommended control programs will
evaluate site attributes as well as control
probabilities in the development of a
comprehensive management strategy.
Ideally, a comprehensive control strategy
should include a sequence involving (1)
site assessment to avoid unwanted ecological effects, (2) pre-control evaluation, and
(3) post-removal assessment of control/
eradication effects on both the target
organism and the invaded ecosystem as
a whole. Early action is vital, but these
steps ensure that any action taken is part
of a comprehensive plan and able to be
effectively evaluated for success.

Control techniques
A variety of techniques have
been attempted to control perennial
pepperweed. These have been
summarized the pros and cons of
these in wetlands in Table 1. Extensive
conversation and literature review

(omitted from this article) were involved
in the production of this table, and the
table continues to evolve as more research
is conducted on perennial pepperweed
control projects. Regardless of method,
small scale trials are a prudent first step
in any management area to determine
efficacy and possible non-target impacts.
One of the largest challenges in
comparing previous studies is consideration of the method details such as spray
rates, surfactant choice, and phenology at
time of application. Such details are not
in this table but were discussed intensively
during the symposia.
In addition to the single method
results summarized in Table 1, integrated
approaches can capitalize on weaknesses
in perennial pepperweed life history
and can offer the potential for increased
control of perennial pepperweed. Several
recent studies have shown coordination
of mechanical and herbicide methods to
result in perennial pepperweed control
and containment.

Special considerations
Managing invasive weeds may also
affect biodiversity and endangered species
adversely. Poorly planned removal without
follow-up, such as vegetation restoration,
might harm an endangered species.
Numerous properties within the Suisun
Marsh contain endangered species, both
flora and fauna. In some cases, treatment
programs have even been repeatedly
delayed because of use by endangered species (i.e. perennial pepperweed in Benicia
State Park).
Combined with documents like the
pro/con treatment chart in Table 1, the
decision guide provides information about
potential non-target impacts associated
with different treatment courses. Not all
environmental situations are covered, but
the decision guide is meant to be used as a
tool to document potential pitfalls and to
share experiences of the San Francisco Bay
community. Careful considerations of the
constraints in the individual landowner’s
…continued page 14

Cal-IPC News Fall 2011

What invasive plants are for sale in California?
by Christiana Conser, Project Scientist, Sustainable Conservation

ustainable Conservation’s PlantRight
program (plantright.org) works with
California’s nursery industry to voluntarily
stop the propagation, distribution and
sale of invasive garden plants. Cal-IPC
has been part of the PlantRight coalition
since its inception in 2004. PlantRight
also promotes alternative ornamental
plants that are environmentally safe and
commercially viable. Through our Spring
Nursery Survey, PlantRight tracks the
availability of invasive garden plants in
California each year. Data collected from
this survey helps inform PlantRight’s
strategy, and allows us to monitor the
effectiveness of our work over time.
PlantRight randomly selected 251
retail nurseries to survey in 2011, from a
total pool of approximately 3,100 stores
in California. One hundred forty-three
volunteers, mostly UC Master Gardeners,
surveyed 226 nurseries in 38 counties for
the presence or absence of 19 invasive
plants (see list at right).

Results
In 2011, 70% of the nurseries surveyed were not selling any of PlantRight’s
19 invasive garden plants. Of the stores
that were selling invasive plants, the
majority sold only one invasive species.
About 40% of small and independent
retailers and large retailers carry invasive
garden plants, compared to just 9% of
big-box stores. Compared to all other
types of stores, big-box stores were significantly less likely to carry an invasive plant,
small and independent retailers were more
likely to carry an invasive plant, and there
was no significant differences for large
retailers.
Stores carrying invasive plants are
most prevalent in California’s south coast
region, and less prevalent in the other
regions. For the desert region and Sierra
and coastal mountain regions, the only a
small number of stores were included in
the survey, so we cannot be certain of the
inference that fewer stores in these regions

Cal-IPC News Fall 2011

carry invasive plants (this is particularly true for the desert region).
When the results are viewed by
both region and store type, it is noteworthy that small and independent
stores in the south coast region were
carrying the most invasive plants.
These stores also comprise half of
the stores that were surveyed this
year, due to the high concentration
of nurseries in Southern California.
In fact, small and independent stores
in the south coast region are more
likely to carry invasive plants than
stores in other regions. No other
significant differences emerged when
comparing the different regions by
store type.

PlantRight’s 19 Invasive Garden Plants
Common Name

Scientific Name

Arundo, giant reed

Arundo donax

Blue gum

Eucalyptus globulus

Bridal veil broom

Retama monosperma

Capeweed

Arctotheca calendula

Chinese tallow tree

Sapium sebiferum

Crystalline iceplant

Mesembryanthemum
crystallinum

French broom

Genista monspessulana

Green fountain grass

Pennisetum setaceum

Highway iceplant

Carpobrotus edulis

Jubata grass

Cortaderia jubata

Myoporum

Myoporum laetum

Pampas grass

Cortaderia selloana

Periwinkle

Vinca major

Russian olive

Elaeagnus angustifolia

The results of PlantRight’s 2011
Tamarix ramosissima
Saltcedar
Spring Retail Nursery Survey indiSesbania punicea
Scarlet
wisteria
cate that the overwhelming majority
Cytisus scoparius
Scotch broom
of stores selling invasive plants are
small and independent stores.
Spartium junceum
Spanish broom
Contacting, engaging and educating
Cytisus striatus
Striated broom
these stores will be inherently more
challenging than dealing with a few
eliminating these plants. The survey also
box store chains. However, we can allocate found highway iceplant, Chinese tallow
our resources wisely by first working
tree, Scotch broom, myoporum and
with small and independent stores in the
Spanish broom at fewer than 3% of stores
south coast region. Although just 9% of
surveyed. These species may be easier to
surveyed box stores were selling invasive
remove from circulation.
plants, the volume of plants sold at box
The data from this survey, in
stores may mean that reducing that percombination with PlantRight’s knowledge
centage further would provide an effective
of the relative threat posed by each
leverage point for reducing the quantity of
species, will help us determine how best
invasive plants in California.
to effectively partner with growers and
suppliers. Over time, the annual survey is
Most commonly sold
an excellent tool for gauging the effectiveThe most frequently found invasive
ness of PlantRight’s efforts to stop the
garden plants in the survey were
propagation, distribution and sale of
periwinkle (found at 16% of stores
invasive garden plants in California.
surveyed), pampas grass (9%) and green
Visit plantright.org for more
fountain grass (8%). While focusing
information about our nursery survey
education efforts on these three species
and PlantRight’s effort to stop the sale of
would potentially have the largest
invasive plants in California. The 2011
impact, their prevalence also indicates
Survey Fact Sheet is available at
that they represent significant sources of
www.plantright.org/spring-nursery-survey.
revenue for the nursery industry, which
presents challenges to the industry in

Progress, but unfinished business
An interview with founding board member Mike Kelly
by Gina Darin, California Department of Water Resources

ike Kelly was introduced to the
impacts of invasive weeds on
wildlands as a volunteer with the Friends
of Peñasquitos Canyon in the 1980s.
He helped lead a fight to save the future
Peñasquitos Canyon Preserve from being
developed into residences and a golf
course. By the end of the ‘80s, Mike realized that development was not the only
threat to the biodiversity in the Preserve;
invasive plants and animals were almost as
big a threat. He realized he had to manage
the land, not just save it. Mike began
teaching himself about invasive weeds
and how to control them. He started
a volunteer effort to stop their spread,
perhaps the first in San Diego.
With few good sources of information
for wildland weeds, finding information
on wildland-appropriate control methods
was very difficult. In 1991, Mike read
a notice in the California Native Plant

Society (CNPS) newsletter to discuss
invasive species at an upcoming conference in Morro Bay. Anyone involved in
invasive weeds was welcome to attend.
Luckily, Mike registered early because
there was standing room only. Potential
walk-ins were turned away.
Greg Archbald, John Randall, and
Carla Bossard invited attendees interested in forming an organization to stay
for the last session of the conference.
People were asked to volunteer, and
thus Mike became the first secretary.

Hopes for Cal-IPC
From the beginning, Mike was interested in control methods, education, and
promoting research. “When I volunteered
to be Cal-IPC’s first secretary and to help
build the organization I hoped it would
become an organization I could learn
from.” He envisioned an organization
that would educate people to manage
wildlands by identifying weed invasions
and by developing strategies for dealing
with them. Mission accomplished.
Involving volunteers from the beginning set the California EPPC apart from
the Florida EPPC model, which was a
group of agency representatives. Mike was
a volunteer, not a professional in the field,
and made his role in Cal-IPC to involve
volunteers in every level of Cal-IPC’s
organization from the Board of Directors
to speakers at the Symposia. This is, and
always has been, part of Cal-IPC culture.

Mike Kelly, true to his interest in invasive plant education, has been a regular
instructor at Cal-IPC Field Courses.

Early on, Cal-IPC needed strategic
partners, and Mike helped Cal-IPC form
partnerships with many agencies and
NGOs, including the California Society
for Ecological Restoration (SERCAL),
California Native Grasslands Association,
The Nature Conservancy, CNPS,
California Department of Food and
Agriculture, Cattlemen’s Association, and
botanic gardens. One lingering concern
Mike has is that the Caltrans partnership

Mike Kelly received SERCAL’s first
award for contributions to conservation
and restoration in California.
didn’t work out as well as the others. He
feels that Caltrans is one of the most
important partners Cal-IPC is missing.

Fond Cal-IPC memories
Mike’s favorite memory is “board
meetings – believe it or not.” He
described these as chaotic gatherings
of strong personalities, and absolutely
wonderful events. Mike couldn’t wait to
get together with fellow board members
and find out the latest news from weeds
on the move, to new control techniques,
to Carla Bossard’s world travels. As you
can imagine, it was difficult to remain
on the agenda. Mike confesses, “It was so
hard to keep us focused on the mechanics
of building an organization, even when
I was president and knew better.” Lunch
was always a cacophony of conversations
about weeds – downloading from the
cutting edge of the field.
On a more personal note, Mike added
that when the board meetings were in
Davis, he used to travel up the day before
to visit the UC Davis library. Without
an agricultural school in San Diego, this
was his pre-Internet source for published
literature. He would do his research in the
copious botanical and agricultural journals, studying the decades-old controversy
on allelopathy and laying waste to the
university’s supply of copy cards.
…continued page 14

Cal-IPC News Fall 2011

…perennial pepperweed from page 11
ecosystem must be weighed when using
this document and the associated key.
Utilization of such a decision guide could
help avoid unintended consequences of
actions with the development of comprehensive control and holistic ecological
restoration plans. Feedback from readers
and managers on the utility of this type of
decision guide is welcome!

Contact the author at cwhitcra@csulb.edu

Acknowledgements
I would like to acknowledge the
expertise and assistance of M. Psaros, M.
Deninger, B. Wallace, J. Olson, and S.
Tracy. Funding and support provided by
SF Bay NERR, Solano Land Trust, CA
Coastal Conservancy, CSULB.

References
Blank, R.R. and J.A. Young. 2002. Influence of
the exotic invasive crucifer, Lepidium latifolium,
on soil properties and elemental cycling. Soil Sci.
167:821-829.

…Mike Kelly from page 13

Fiedler, P., M. Keever, B. J.
Grewell and D.J. Partridge.
2007. Rare plants in the
Golden Gate Estuary
(California): the relationship between scale and
understanding. Aust. J. Bot.
55:206-220.
Grewell, B.J., J.C. Callaway,
and W. Ferren. 2007.
Estuarine Wetlands pp.
124-154 in MG Barbour,
T. Keeler-Wolfe, and A.A.
Schoenherr (eds.) Terrestrial
Vegetation of California, Univ
Cal Press, Berkeley, CA.
Renz, M.J. 2001. Element
Perennial pepperweed invades wetlands within the
Stewardship Abstract for
Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.
Lepidium latifolium L.,
perennial pepperweed,
(Lepidium latifolium L.). Weed Technology
tall whitetop. The Nature
12:402-405.
Conservancy, Wildland Invasive Species Team.
Arlington, VA.
Wilson, R.G., D. Boelk, G. B. Kyser, and J.
M. DiTomaso. 2008. Integrated management
Reynolds L.K. and K.E. Boyer KE. 2009. Perennial
of Perennial pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium).
pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium): properties of
Invasive Plant Science and Management 1:17–25.
invaded tidal marshes. Invasive Plant Science and
Management 3:130-138.
Zaveleta, E., R.J. Hobbs, and H.A. Mooney. 2001.
Viewing invasive species removal in a wholeYoung, J.A., D.E. Palmquist, and R.R. Blank. 1998.
ecosystem context. Trends in Ecology & Evolution
The ecology and control of perennial pepperweed
16: 454-459.

…News from page 3
th

Mike presided over Cal-IPC’s 10
anniversary. That year the Board made the
decision to hire Cal-IPC’s first employee.
Committing their entire treasury was a
risky move. The hiring was done under
the next president in line, Joe DiTomaso.
Doug Johnson was selected as Cal-IPC’s
Executive Director. And the rest is history.

every 1,000 feet. USDA researchers
believe this can be an important tool for
sampling large areas in conjunction with
ground-based surveys to detect expanding invasive plants. This study provided
the first evidence that leafy spurge is
displacing sagebrush seedlings. www.ars.
usda.gov/is

Next Step for Cal-IPC

Detector dogs are on the case to
detect invasive species. The California
Department of Food and Agriculture’s
dog teams search plant products entering the state through parcel delivery
facilities and airfreight terminals for the
presence of plant pests or other harmful
organisms. Between July 2009 and June
2010, the Dog Teams intercepted 53
pests and helped reject 1,560 packages
for violations of state and federal plant
quarantine laws and regulations. www.
cdfa.ca.gov/plant/dogteams

As a complement to Cal-IPC’s new
professional certification program, Mike
wants to see Cal-IPC work with the
Department of Pesticide Regulation to
develop a Wildland Weed category in the
testing program for Qualified Applicators
Licenses (QAL) oriented to wildland
applicators and managers. This would be
a big step toward getting the state regulatory agencies to recognize that wildland
weed habitat requires a different set of
knowledge and skills than existing exams
cover for the QALs.

Cal-IPC News Fall 2011

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readers while supporting our
publication costs.
Please contact Heather DeQuincy
to reserve your space in an upcoming issue or to learn more about the
cost and process. hdequincy@cal-ipc.
org or (510) 843-3902.

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Williams, KL Wilmoth, Bill Winans, Raven
Winter, Byan Zorko

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silent auction, and live auction.
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New Members
As a Cal-IPC Member, you join a powerful
network of land managers, researchers,
volunteers, and concerned citizens. Welcome!
Sam Abercrombie, Ben Adamo (Shelterbelt
Builders), Tom Anderson, David Astorga
(City of San Diego), Nita Barve, Scott
Batiuk, Jeff Begovich, Beth Brenneman,
Carroll Brentano, Elayna Bryant (Cal
State San Marcos), Kim Carr (Sierra Nevada
Conservancy), Robert Carson (City of
Torrance, Park Services), Charlene Carveth
(El Dorado County Dept. of Ag), Any
Conilio (UC Santa Cruz), Rim Counch
(Resource Conservation Partners, Inc.),
Quinn Cypher (Inland Empire RCD),
Jason Davlin (West Coast Arborists),
Steven Delgavero (Yosemite National Park),
Garrett Dickman (Yosemite National Park),
Shannon Dinis (PG&E), Matt Dunnahoe
(Placer County RCD, Auburn), Jack Easton
(Riverside Land Conservancy), Suzanne
Easton (BRBNA Conservation Partnership),
Holly Eddinger, Woody Elliott (Mt.
Lassen Chapter CNPS), Margie Evans
(UN Cooperative Extension), Amanda

Ferguson (Carson City), Steve Frisch
(Sierra Business Council), Jennifer Funk,
Ryan Gilmore, Ashley Gilreath, Sean
Glantz, Patricia Gordon-Ready, Dave
Graber (Sequoia & Kings Canyon NP),
Thomas Gustie, Sarah Hall (Golden
Gate National Recreation Area), Michael
Hamilton (UC Blue Oak Ranch Reserve),
Walter Hoffman, Chris Hoffman,
Kim Hornbeck (City of Torrance, Park
Services), David Jaffe (Yosemite National
Park), Jared Jaggers, Matt James (Coastal
Restoration Consultants), Katie Kain
(Joshua Tree National Park), Bonnie Kalb,
Kris Kuyper (Sierra Business Council),
Michele Lanctot, Susan Lewitt (San
Diego CNPS), Krista Lindley, Kirsten
Lindquist (Tahoe RCD), Denise Louie,
Betsy Macfarlan (Eastern Nevada
landscape Coalition), Amanda magallanes
(GGNRA), Scott Massed, Beth Mather,
Derrick Mathews, Virginia Matzek (Santa
Cal-IPC’s Alice Chung helps as one of
Clara University), Willie McDarment
(Tule River Indian Reservation),
Cal-IPC’s stellar raffle ticket sellers.
Kathryn McEachern (USGS Channel
Islands), Louanne McMartin (USFWS),
AgroSciences), Jasmine Rubalcaba, Paul
Christine Meyers (Mi-Wuk Village),
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Constance Millar (PSW Research Station,
(OC Parks), Daniel Shaw (California State
USDA Forest Service), Annaliese Miller,
Parks), Mike Simoneau (City of Torrance,
Rebecca Miller-Cripps (UC Cooperative
Park Services), James Smith (South Lake
Extension), Nelson Money (NRM-VMS,
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Inc.), Max Moritz (UC Berkeley), James
Springborn, Jens Stevens, Mark Stewart
Mort (Midpeninsula Regional Open Space
(PG&E), Christine Sullivan (GGNRA
District) Justin Nalder (Bridgeport Indian
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Colony), Scott Nelson, Kim-Chi Nguyen,
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Monica Oey, Meagan Olson (RECON
Monica Bay Restoration Commission),
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Susan Urie, Juan Villarino (California State
RCD), Alexandra Onisko (BLM), Don
Parks), Sophia Weinmann, Stuart Weiss
Pierce (PG&E), Gillies Robertson (Yolo
(Creekside Center for Earth Observation),
RCD), Ryan Robitaille (California Institute
Kathy Welch (Truckee River Road Warrior),
of Technology), Scott Rose (Natures Image), Debra Welch, Paul Wilson (Shelterbelt
William Rosenberg, Janet Rowley (Dow
Builders)

New Organizational Members
Organizational Members advance
Cal-IPC’s mission to protect California’s
wildlands from invasive plants.

Cal-IPC staff dressed up and having fun at the Oktoberfest celebration.

Bay Area Early Detection Network
California Landscape Conservation
Cooperative
California State Parks
Center for Natural Land Management
Resource Conservation Partners, Inc.
San Diego Chapter CNPS
Shelterbelt Builders, Inc.
Sierra Nevada Conservancy
USFWS Inventory and Monitoring
Program

Cal-IPC News Fall 2011

Readings &
Resources
Education Website
The new Washington Invasive Species
Education (W.I.S.E.) website provides
educational resources about invasive
species and the damage they can do to the
environment and economy, how invasive
species spread and how everyone can help
stop them. www.wise.wa.gov
E-edition of California Agriculture
California Agriculture is now available
in a free electronic edition. Readers can
download and print copies in html or
pdf format. Authors will be able to print

articles on demand for distribution to
target audiences. California Agriculture is a
peer-reviewed journal reporting research,
reviews and news from the University of
California and its Agriculture and Natural
Resources division. californiaagriculture.
ucanr.org
Open-access journal
NeoBiota is a peer-reviewed, openaccess, rapid online journal launched to
accelerate research on alien species and
biological invasions, including aquatic
and terrestrial animals, plants, fungi and
micro-organisms. All published papers
can be freely copied, downloaded, printed
and distributed. www.pensoft.net/journals/
neobiota

Ecological Data Wiki
The Ecological Data Wiki is intended to
serve as a central source for identifying
datasets that are useful to the study of
ecology and quickly figuring out the best
ways to use them. It will use the knowledge and effort of the entire ecological
community to compile this information
rather than relying on each scientist to
contribute information for their own
studies. ecologicaldata.org
Invasive plant articles sought
The Invasive Plant News blog seeks articles
from guest writers. They are especially
interested in articles on practical topics
such as advice on identification and
control. invasiveplantnews.com

Cal-IPC Inventory update adds eight plants

ight new species have been
added to the “California Invasive Plant Inventory”. The Inventory
scores species based on 13 questions
covering impacts, invasiveness, and
distribution. These are statewide
ratings so impacts may differ in
particular regions. An “Alert” indicates
that a species is not widespread but
seems to have potential to expand.
The assessments for these species were
completed by Elizabeth Brusati, CalIPC, and Joe DiTomaso, UC Davis,
based on information submitted by
Cal-IPC members.
Plant Assessment Forms with
detailed information used to rate the
plants, including cited literature, are
available at www.cal-ipc.org/ip/
inventory/weedlist.php. The criteria
list used to rate species is also available there. Additional information is
available in the Plant Profiles at
www.cal-ipc.org/ip/management/
plant_profiles/index.php.
We also updated the Cal-IPC
Watchlist based on comments contributed by Cal-IPC members. The

Cal-IPC News Fall 2011

Watchlist contains information on species
that have been observed in wildlands but
have not been reviewed for the Inventory
due to lack of information. It is available
at www.cal-ipc.org/ip/inventory.
Other states have adopted Cal-IPC’s
Inventory format, including Colorado
and Texas.
South American spongeplant is now
Inventory listed as a High Alert.

Species

Rating

Danthonia pilosa (hairy oatgrass)

Limited

Erica lusitanica (Portuguese heath)

Limited

Gazania linearis (gazania)

Moderate Alert

Limnobium laevigatum
(South American spongeplant)

High Alert

Limonium ramosissimum ssp. provincale
(Algerian sea lavender)

Limited

Nanozostera japonica (dwarf eelgrass)

High Alert

Nassella manicata (tropical needlegrass)

Limited

Tetragonia tetragonioides (New Zealand spinach)

Limited

Evaluated but not listed
Ascophyllum nodosum (knotted wrack)

not enough information

Cuscuta japonica (Japanese dodder)

not yet known to invade wildlands

Nassella tenuissima (Mexican feathergrass)

not yet known to invade wildlands

The WILDLAND WEED CALENDAR
November – December
CA Assoc. of RCDs Conference
November 9-11
Stockton
www.carcd.org/conference.php
Central CA Invasive Weed Symposium
November 10
Monterey
ag.co.monterey.ca.us/pages/invasive-weedresources

January – February
CNPS Conservation Conference
January 10-14, 2012
San Diego
www.cnps.org/cnps/conservation/
conference/2012
Nat. Conf. on Science, Policy & Env’t
January 18-20, 2012
Washington, D.C.
www.environmentandsecurity.org

CA Weed Science Society Conference
January 23-25, 2012
Santa Barbara
www.cwss.org
National Invasive Species Awareness Week
February 26-March 3, 2012
Washington, D.C.
www.nisaw.org

March – June

North Bay Grasslands Symposium
May 3-6, 2012
Sonoma County
www.cnga.org

July & beyond
N.A. Congress for Conservation Biology
July 15-18, 2012
Oakland
www.scbnacongress.orgwww.ser2011.org

Western Society for Weed Science
March 12-15, 2012
Reno, NV
www.wsweedscience.org

Aquatic Plant Management Society
July 22-25, 2012
Salt Lake City, UT
www.apms.org

California Invasive Weed Awareness Day
March 14, 2012
Sacramento
www.cal-ipc.org

Ecological Society of America Annual Mtg
Aug 5-10, 2012
Portland, OR
www.esa.org/portland

Noxious Weed Short Course
April 16-19, 2012
Loveland, CO
www.wsweedscience.org

Cal-IPC’s 21st Annual Symposium
October 10-13, 2012
Rohnert Park
www.cal-ipc.org

Quotable
“Terminology is imprecise and inconsistent. It combines objective
and subjective concepts.”
~ Carla D’Antonio of UC Santa Barbara, pointing out problems with terms used for invasive
species in her symposium talk, “Nuance, naysayers and twenty years of studying species
impacts”.

“Nimbleness matters: Be flexible, experimental, and innovative.”
~ Constance Millar, US Forest Service, in her symposium talk “Climate change in the Sierra
Nevada: Processes, projections, and adaptation options”.

“IPM: the Intelligent Person’s Method”
~ From the Invasive Plant Integrated Pest Management discussion group at the symposium.

Cal-IPC News Fall 2011

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