Profile ID Profile link Scientific name Latin synonyms Common names Rating CDFA Calflora ID CWM Photo URLs Photo captions Description
70829https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/acacia-baileyana-profile/Acacia baileyana cootamundra wattle Watch27 4119249 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Acacia-baileyana_C122-08-1.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Acacia-baileyana_leaf-front-and-back-and-flowers_RonVanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Acacia-baileyana_fruits-immature_Zoya-Akulova.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Acacia-baileyana_seeds-in-fruit_Zoya-Akulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Acacia-baileyana_growth-habit_Zoya-Akulova.jpg" "Photo: UC Davis Weeds of California","Acacia baileyana (cootamundra wattle) leaf (front and back) and flowers. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Acacia baileyana (cootamundra wattle) fruits (immature). Photo: Zoya Akulova","Acacia baileyana (cootamundra wattle) seeds in fruit. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Acacia baileyana (cootamundra wattle) growth habit. Photo: Zoya Akulova" Acacia baileyana (cootamunda wattle) is a shrub (family Fabaceae) with yellow flowers and finely dissected leaves found in the coastal ranges, San Francisco Bay area and transverse ranges of California. It is native to Southeastern Australia. It favors scrub and chaparral habitat. It has long-lived seeds that accumulate in the soil and germinate after fires, hot weather or other disturbances. It spreads via ants, wind, water and dumped garden waste. View the Jepson Herbarium video to help identify Acacia species.
70830https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/acacia-cyclops-profile/Acacia cyclops cyclops Acacia Watch28 2173159 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Acacia-cyclops_Ron-Vanderhoff-Copy.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Acacia-cyclops_growth-habit_Ron-Vanderhoff_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Acacia-cyclops_Leaves-and-stem_Ron-Vanderhoff_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Acacia-cyclops_seeds_Ron-Vanderhoff_cropped.jpg" "Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Acacia cyclops (cyclops Acacia) growth habit. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Acacia cyclops (cyclops Acacia) leaves and stem. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Acacia cyclops (cyclops Acacia) seed. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Acacia cyclops (cyclops Acacia) is a shrub (family Fabaceae) with golden yellow flowers and narrow leaves found in the coastal ranges and peninsular ranges of California. It is native to Southwestern Australia. It occurs in dunes. Its seeds are dispersed via birds and the germination process may be assisted by the seed\'s passage through the bird\'s gut.
66985https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/acacia-dealbata-profile/Acacia dealbataAcacia decurrens var. dealbata silver wattle Moderate29 102 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Acacia-dealbata_silver-wattle_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Acacia-dealbata_flowers_copyright_2008_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Acacia-dealbata_leaf_copyright_2014_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Acacia-dealbata_seed-pods_copyright_2014_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Acacia-dealbata_stem-and-leafunderside_copyright_2010_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Acacia dealbata (silver wattle) flowers. Photo: © 2008 Neal Kramer","Acacia dealbata (silver wattle) leaf. Photo: © 2014 Neal Kramer","Acacia dealbata (silver wattle) seed pods. Photo: © 2014 Neal Kramer","Acacia dealbata (silver wattle) stem and leaf (underside). Photo: © 2010 Neal Kramer" Acacia dealbata (silver wattle) is a tree (family Fabaceae) found in the coastal ranges, San Francisco Bay area, and south coast of California. It favors disturbed places in coastal prairies, riparian areas and coniferous forests. It is native to Australia. Silver wattle is often confused with green wattle (Acacia decurrens), but is distinguishable by the small, silvery hairs that grow on its twigs. It spreads via rhizomes and seeds, and easily resprouts after being cut. Acacia dealbata changes soil chemistry by fixing nitrogen, and the plants’ fallen leaves may have allelopathic effects that prevent the growth of native understory plants. Like many Acacias, silver wattle is commonly planted as an ornamental. View the Jepson Herbarium video to help identify Acacia species.
86361https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/acacia-longifolia-profile/Acacia longifolia Sydney golden wattle Watch34 3898831 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Acacia-longifolia_vanderhoff5.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Acacia-longifolia_vanderhoff6.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Acacia-longifolia_vanderhoff8.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Acacia-longifolia_vanderhoff15.jpg" "Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Acacia longifolia (Sydney golden wattle) mature leaves and flowers. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Acacia longifolia (Sydney golden wattle) seedling. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Acacia longifolia (Sydney golden wattle) fruits and mature leaves. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Acacia longifolia (Sydney golden wattle) is a summer-blooming shrub or tree in the pea family (Fabaceae) that is native to Australia. It is variable in size and has been cultivated as an ornamental. Its leaves are leathery and strap-like, finger-wide and long, with parallel veins and have a conspicuous basal gland with no resinous margins. Flowers are yellow and arranged in short spikes in leaf axils. This Acacia is a prolific seeder that can form large seed banks; long-term control is difficult if populations are left to spread. As of this posting, it has been reported in California\'s coastal counties from Sonoma County south to San Diego. Outside of California, Sydney golden wattle has become invasive in other parts of Australia (Victoria, New South Wales), New Zealand, South Africa, Spain, Portugal and Brazil. 
66987https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/acacia-melanoxylon-profile/Acacia melanoxylon blackwood Acacia Limited36 103 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Acacia-melanoxylon_black-acacia_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Acacia-melanoxylon_ImmatureL-and-matureR-leaves_RonVanderhoff-1.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Acacia-melanoxylon_seeds-and-seed-pods_copyright2021_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Acacia-melanoxylon_inflorescences_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Acacia-melanoxylon_growth-habit_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Acacia melanoxylon (blackwood Acacia) Immature (L) and mature (R) leaves. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Acacia melanoxylon (blackwood Acacia) seeds and seed pods. Photo: © 2021 Neal Kramer","Acacia melanoxylon (blackwood Acacia) inflorescences. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Acacia melanoxylon (blackwood Acacia) growth habit. Photo: Zoya Akulova" Acacia melanoxylon (black Acacia) is a tree (family Fabaceae) found along the coast of California, in the North and South Coast Ranges, and the San Francisco Bay region. It favors disturbed areas, and is often found near buildings and agricultural sites. Black Acacia, which has spherical cream-colored flowers, was introduced as a landscape ornamental and has escaped cultivation in some areas. It is native to south eastern Australia. Black Acacia trees can develop root suckers that grow to become large clonal populations. The trees also reproduce using seeds that are dispersed by water movement and human activities. To control mature trees, most root fragments must be removed to prevent resprouting. View the Jepson Herbarium video to help identify Acacia species.
70831https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/acacia-paradoxa-profile/Acacia paradoxa kangaroothorn Watch-*37 206 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Acacia-paradoxa_C122-06.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Acacia-paradoxa_inflorescences_EricWrubel.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Acacia-paradoxa_seed-pods_copyright1968_CDFA.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Acacia-paradoxa_stem-and-leaves_copyright1968_CDFA.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Acacia-paradoxa_growth-habit_CDFA_copyright_1968.jpeg" "Photo: UC Davis Weeds of California","Acacia paradoxa (kangaroothorn) inflorescences. Photo: Eric Wrubel","Acacia paradoxa (kangaroothorn) seed pods. Photo: © 1968 CDFA","Acacia paradoxa (kangaroothorn) stem and leaves. Photo: © 1968 CDFA","Acacia paradoxa (kangaroothorn) growth habit. Photo: © 1968 CDFA" Acacia paradoxa (kangaroothorn) is a shrub (family Fabaceae) with yellow flowers and spiny branches found in the coastal ranges of California. It is native to Southeastern Australia. It favors woodland habitats. It is pollinated by beetles, wasps, bees and other insects. Its seeds are dispersed via water, birds and human activities.
70832https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/acacia-pycnantha-profile/Acacia pycnantha golden wattle Watch38 2665859 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Acacia-pycnantha_Ron-Vanderhoff.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Acacia-pycnantha_seed-pods-and-leaves_RonVanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Acacia-pycnantha_inflorescences_RonVanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Acacia-pycnantha_growth-habit_RonVanderhoff.jpeg" "Photo by Ron Vanderhoff","Acacia pycnantha (golden wattle) seed pods and leaves. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Acacia pycnantha (golden wattle) inflorescences. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff ","Acacia pycnantha (golden wattle) growth habit. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Acacia pycnantha (golden wattle) is a shrub (family Fabaceae) with golden yellow flowers and narrow leaves found in the San Francisco Bay area and coastal ranges of California. It is native to Southeastern Australia. It favors woodland habitats. It spreads via long-lived seeds, and is dispersed by ants, birds, wind, water and dumped garden waste.
86387https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/acacia-saligna-profile/Acacia salignaAcacia cyanophylla, Acacia bracteata, Acacia lindleyi, Mimosa saligna, Racosperma salignum orange wattle Watch9641 9641 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Acacia-saligna_vanderhoff2_edited.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Acacia-saligna_vanderhoff1.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Acacia-saligna_vanderhoff3.jpg" "Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Acacia saligna (orange wattle) growth habit. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Acacia saligna (orange wattle) mature leaves. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Acacia saligna (golden wreath wattle, orange wattle) is a shrubby tree in the pea family (Fabaceae) that is native to Australia. It is grown as an ornamental and has become naturalized in coastal and southern California as well as in other Mediterranean climates in South Africa, parts of southern Europe, and where it is not native in southeastern Australia. Orange wattle has long (7-21 cm), thin leaves (each with a prominant midvein) that differentiate it from other Acacia species. Flowers are arranged in racemes consisting of 2-8 heads each. Seed pods are narrow, straight, and not hairy. Plants can reproduce vegetatively and produce copious amounts of seed.  Its dense canopy can shade out other plants. Wildfire favors its spread by promoting regrowth and germination.  
70833https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/acaena-novae-zelandiae-profile/Acaena novae-zelandiae biddy-biddy Watch-*41 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Acaena-novae-zelandiae_C226-04.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Acaena-novae-zelandiae_biddy-biddy_Bob-Case_cropped-scaled.jpg" "Photo: UC Davis Weeds of California","Acaena novae-zelandiae (biddy-biddy) inflorescence and leaves. Photo: Bob Case" Acaena novae-zelandiae (biddy-biddy) is a herb/subshrub (stem succulent) (family Rosaceae) with white flowers found in the coastal ranges of California. A pale reddish colored burr is left after the flowers fall. It is native to Australia, New Zealand and New Guinea. It favors dunes, grasslands, and scrub and chaparral habitat. It can spreads via roots and by stem fragments. It disperses by burrs attaching to the fur and feathers of animals and clothing of humans.
70834https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/aegilops-cylindrica-profile/Aegilops cylindrica jointed goatgrass Watch-*105 2953417 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Aegilops-cylindrica_C171-02-1.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Aegilops-cylindrica_fruits_copyright2001_FredHrusaCDFA.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Aegilops-cylindrica_growth-habit_copyright2001_DeanKelchCDFA.jpeg" "Photo: UC Davis Weeds of California","Aegilops cylindrica (jointed goatgrass) fruits. Photo: © 2001 Fred Hrusa, CDFA","Aegilops cylindrica (jointed goatgrass) growth habit. Photo: © 2001 Dean Kelch, CDFA" Aegilops cylindrica (jointed goatgrass) is an annual grass (family Poaceae) with joints similar to wheat that can grow up to 4 feet tall and is found in the Cascade ranges, Modoc Plateau, Sacramento Valley and San Bernardino and peninsular ranges of southern California. It is native to Mediterranean Europe and western Asia. It favors grasslands. It spreads via agricultural and human activities, wind and water. Joints and seeds will attach to clothing, fur and feathers.
66991https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/aegilops-triuncialis-profile/Aegilops triuncialis barb goatgrass, barbed goatgrass High-*107 104 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Aegilops-triuncialis_barb-goatgrass_-JM-Di-Tomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Aegilops-triuncialis_barb-goatgrass_BobCase_cropped-scaled.jpg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Aegilops triuncialis (barb goatgrass) flower spikes. Photo: Bob Case" Aegilops triuncialis (barb goatgrass) is an annual grass (family Poaceae) that grows in rangelands, grasslands, and oak woodlands. It is becoming a dominant grass in foothill grasslands of central California. This weed can directly injure livestock by lodging in their eyes or mouths, and is unpalatable to cattle.
66993https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/ageratina-adenophora-profile/Ageratina adenophoraEupatorium adenophorum, E. glandulosum, E. pasadense. eupatory, croftonweed, thoroughwort, sticky snakeroot, catweed, hemp agrimony, sticky agrimony, sticky Eupatorium ModerateB117 150 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ageratina-adenophora_Croftonweed_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ageratina-adenophora_growth-habit_copyright_-2019_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ageratina-adenophora_inflorescence_copyright_2009_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ageratina-adenophora_leaves_copyright_2011_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Ageratina adenophora (eupatory) growth habit. Photo: © 2019 Neal Kramer","Ageratina adenophora (eupatory) inflorescence. Photo: © 2009 Neal Kramer","Ageratina adenophora (eupatory) leaves. Photo: © 2011 Neal Kramer" Ageratina adenophora (croftonweed, Eupatorium) is a perennial herb or small shrub (family Asteraceae) found along the coast of California and in the South Coast and Transverse Ranges. It prefers disturbed areas, coastal canyons, riparian areas and scrub, and is especially invasive in mild coastal areas. Originally introduced to California as an ornamental plant, croftonweed escaped cultivation by producing abundant seed that is dispersed via wind, water, soil movement, and by clinging to animals and people. This invasive plant is considered noxious in parts of Asia, Australia, New Zealand and Hawaii. It is native to southern and central Mexico.
66995https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/agrostis-avenacea-profile/Agrostis avenaceaAgrostis retrofracta Pacific bentgrass Limited138 151 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Agrostis-avenacea_-Pacific-bentgrass_-JM-Di-Tomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Agrostis-avenacea_leaf-blade-and-sheath_Zoya-Akulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Agrostis-avenacea_infestation_Zoya-Akulova.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Agrostis avenacea (Pacific bentgrass) leaf blade and sheath. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Agrostis avenacea (Pacific bentgrass) infestation. Photo: Zoya Akulova" Agrostis avenacea (Pacific bentgrass) is a perennial grass (family Pocaceae) commonly found throughout northern California and San Diego County. This weed easily outcompetes native vegetation. Pacific bentgrass inhabits open, disturbed, often moist places to 300 m elevation. It is especially invasive in vernal pool habitat in the San Diego area.
66997https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/agrostis-stolonifera-profile/Agrostis stoloniferaAgrostis alba L. var palustris (Huds.), Agrostis maritima Lam., Agrostis palustria Huds., Agrostis stolonifera L. var. compacta creeping bent; carpet bent; redtop bent; seaside bentgrass Limited156 152 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Agrostis-stolonifera_-creeping-bentgrass_-JM-Di-Tomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Agrostis-stolonifera_florets_ZoyaAkulova.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Agrostis-stolonifera_growth-habit_ZoyaAkulova.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Agrostis-stolonifera_inflorescence_ZoyaAkulova.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Agrostis-stolonifera_leaf-blade-and-sheath_ZoyaAkulova.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Agrostis-stolonifera_young-plant-with-roots_ZoyaAkulova.jpg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Agrostis stolonifera (creeping bent) florets. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Agrostis stolonifera (creeping bent) growth habit. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Agrostis stolonifera (creeping bent) inflorescence. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Agrostis stolonifera (creeping bent) leaf blade and sheath. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Agrostis stolonifera (creeping bent) young plant with roots. Photo: Zoya Akulova" Agrostis stolonifera (creeping bentgrass) is a perennial grass (family Poaceae) and is located throughout California. Creeping bentgrass is an escaped turfgrass that can aggressively out-compete native grass species by forming dense mats.
66999https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/ailanthus-altissima-profile/Ailanthus altissimaA. glandulosa Desf. tree-of-heaven; Chinese sumac; paradise-tree; copal-tree ModerateC*161 2 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ailanthus-altissima_tree-of-heaven_JM-DiTomaso_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ailanthus-altissima_tree-of-heaven_Bob-Case_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ailanthus-altissima_tree-of-heaven-leaves_Bob-Case_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ailanthus-altissima_fruits-immature_copyright2009_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Ailanthus altissima (tree-of-heaven) infestation. Photo: Bob Case","Ailanthus altissima (tree-of-heaven) leaves. Photo: Bob Case","Ailanthus altissima (tree-of-heaven) fruits (immature). Photo: © 2009 Neal Kramer" Ailanthus altissima (tree-of-heaven) is a deciduous tree (family Simaroubaceae) that is widely, but somewhat discontinuously distributed in California. It is native to parts of China and Taiwan and first introduced as a landscape ornamental to Europe and the United States in the 1700\'s. Since then, it has escaped gardens, established in the wild, and spread widely through seeds and creeping roots that produce many suckers. In California, it is most abundant along the coast and mountain foothills, primarily in wastelands and disturbed, semi-natural habitats. Tree-of-heaven is considered invasive because of its ability to establish, spread quickly and dominate landscapes, as well as its allelopathic properties, which help to suppress surrounding vegetation. It can be distinguished by its large, pinnately compound leaves with often asymmetrical lanceolate leaflets. Leaves can smell like rancid peanut butter when crushed (unlike similar-looking walnut trees). Stems will show large heart-shaped leaf scars. Fruits are samaras. More recently, concern about tree-of-heaven has increased because it is a preferred host for a destructive and invasive insect pest, the spotted lanternfly.
67001https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/alhagi-maurorum-profile/Alhagi maurorumAlhagi pseudalhagi camelthorn Moderate-*11317 153 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Alhagi-maurorum_camelthorn_Eitan-Ferman_cropped-scaled.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Alhagi-maurorum_flowers-leaves-and-stem_copyright_CDFADeanKelch.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Alhagi-maurorum_fruits_copyright_CDFADeanKelch.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Alhagi-maurorum_infestation_copyright_CDFADeanKelch.jpeg" "Photo: Eitan Ferman","Alhagi maurorum (camelthorn) flowers, leaves, and stem. Photo: © Dean Kelch, CDFA","Alhagi maurorum (camelthorn) fruits. Photo: © Dean Kelch, CDFA","Alhagi maurorum (camelthorn) infestation. Photo: © Dean Kelch, CDFA" Alhagi maurorum (=A. pseudalhagi)(camelthorn) is an herbaceous perennial or shrub (family Fabaceae) found in the central valley, southeastern Sierra Nevada and portions of the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts of California. It favors arid agricultural areas, grasslands, meadows and desert riparian areas. One camelthorn plant can spread rapidly (about 10 m per year in all directions) by developing many new plants from its large creeping root system. Plants may resprout from roots left behind after mechanical removal, and the roots are stimulated to resprout by fire. Camelthorn seeds are also known to disperse over long distances.
123589https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/alliaria-petiolata-profile/Alliaria petiolataAlliaria alliaria, Alliaria officinalis, Erysimum alliaria, Sisymbrium alliaria garlic mustard, hedge garlic, Jack-by-the-edge ModerateA*13039 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Alliaria-petiolata_KeirMorse_cropped.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Alliaria-petiolata_growth-habit-mature_ChrisMcDonald.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Alliaria-petiolata_leaf-young-rosette_ChrisMcDonald.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Alliaria-petiolata_growth-habit-young-rosette_Bryce-Ryals.jpg" "Photo: Keir Morse","Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) growth habit (mature). Photo: Chris McDonald","Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) leaf (young rosette). Photo: Chris McDonald","Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) growth habit (young rosette). Photo: Bryce Ryals" Garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) is an herbaceous biennial forb (family Brassicaceae) that was first detected in 2020 and 2022 in two isolated streamside localities in southern and northern California. Native to Europe and northern Africa, this species has naturalized in central and eastern Asia, Australia, New Zealand, and many parts of North America. Garlic mustard grows as an understory herb of woodlands and forests, forming a loose rosette of kidney-shaped leaves in its first year and bolting to flower in its second year. Stem leaves are lanceolate and toothed; flowers are white with four petals; seeds are small and can be easily spread. Plants can grow to over 1 m at flowering. Garlic mustard can be differentiated from other similar plants by its leaf shape and the strong garlic odor of its foliage.  It is an aggressive invader of moist woodlands and forests, where it outcompetes and overtops native understory vegetation. Roots and foliage appear to have allelopathic properties that further impact surrounding plants. Individual plants can produce from 600 - ca. 7000 seeds. This plant is listed as a noxious weed in several states in the eastern USA, as well as in Washington, Oregon, Utah, and, more recently, California. It was probably originally introduced as a culinary herb.
70835https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/alopecurus-pratensis-profile/Alopecurus pratensis meadow foxtail Watch262 262 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Alopecurus-pratensis_C173-01.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Alopecurus-pratensis_inflorescenceyoung_ZoyaAkulova.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Alopecurus-pratensis_inflorescence_ZoyaAkulova.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Alopecurus-pratensis_growth-habit_ZoyaAkulova.jpg" "Photo: UC Davis Weeds of California","Alopecurus pratensis (meadow foxtail) inflorescence (young). Photo: Zoya Akulova","Alopecurus pratensis (meadow foxtail) inflorescence. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Alopecurus pratensis (meadow foxtail) growth habit. Photo: Zoya Akulova" Alopecurus pratensis (meadow foxtail) is a perennial grass (family Poaceae) that can grow to be more than 3 feet high and is found in the coastal ranges, desert ranges and northern and southern ranges of California. It is native to Eurasia. It grows in grasslands, wetlands and meadows. It spreads via seeds and rhizomes through agricultural activities.
67003https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/alternanthera-philoxeroides-profile/Alternanthera philoxeroidesBucholzia philoxeroides Mart., Telanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) alligatorweed HighA*266 49 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Alternanthera-philoxeroides_alligatorweed_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Alternanthera-philoxeroides_stem-leaves-and-inflorescence_copyright2001_CDFADeanKelch.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Alternanthera-philoxeroides_adventitious-roots-from-stem_copyright2001_CDFAFredHrusa.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Alternanthera-philoxeroides_growth-habit_copyright2001_CDFA.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Alternanthera philoxeroides (alligatorweed) stem, leaves, and inflorescence. Photo: © 2001 Dean Kelch, CDFA","Alternanthera philoxeroides (alligatorweed) adventitious roots from stem. Photo: © 2001 Fred Hrusa, CDFA","Alternanthera philoxeroides (alligatorweed) growth habit. Photo: © 2001 CDFA" Alternanthera philoxeroides (alligatorweed) is a noxious herbaceous aquatic perennial (family Amaranthaceae), that forms dense floating mats. This weed grows in the San Joaquin Valley (Tulare and Kings counties), Los Angeles County, and the Sacramento Delta. It invades lakes, streams, canals, ponds and irrigation ditches. It was previously used in the aquarium trade and is currently rapidly expanding in waterways across California.
70837https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/alyssum-corsicum-profile/Alyssum corsicum yellowtuft Watch 13661 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Alyssum-Corsicum_OregonDepartmentAgriculture.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Alyssum-corsicum_whole-plant-in-flower_copyright2009_Oregon-Dept.-of-AgricultureCarriPirosko.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Alyssum-corsicum_growth-habit_copyright2008_Oregon-Dept.-of-AgricultureCarriPirosko.jpg" "Photo: Oregon Department of Agriculture","Alyssum corsicum (yellowtuft) whole plant in flower. Photo: © 2009 Carri Pirosko, Oregon Dept. of Agriculture","Alyssum corsicum (yellowtuft) growth habit. Photo: © 2008 Carri Pirosko, Oregon Dept. of Agriculture" Alyssum corsicum (yellowtuft) is a perrenial herb/subshrub (stem succulent) (family Brassicaceae) with tiny yellow flowers and silver-blue leaves found in the southern and northeastern ranges of Oregon. It is native to Southeastern Europe. It favors woodland habitats. It spreads via wind and human activities. Its seeds attach to nearby growing plants.
70836https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/alyssum-murale-profile/Alyssum murale yellowtuft Watch 13662 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Alyssum-murale_Ghislain118-Wikimedia.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Alyssum-murale_inflorescence_copyright2008_Oregon-Dept.-of-AgricultureCarriPirosko.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Alyssum-murale_leaves_copyright2011_Oregon-Dept.-of-AgricultureCarriPirosko.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Alyssum-murale_infestation_copyright2008_Oregon-Dept.-of-AgricultureCarriPirosko.jpg" "Photo: Wikimedia","Alyssum murale (yellowtuft) inflorescence. Photo: © 2008 Carri Pirosko, Oregon Dept. of Agriculture","Alyssum murale (yellowtuft) leaves. Photo: © 2011 Carri Pirosko, Oregon Dept. of Agriculture","Alyssum murale (yellowtuft) infestation. Photo: © 2008 Carri Pirosko, Oregon Dept. of Agriculture" Alyssum murale (yellowtuft) is a perennial herb (family Brassicaceae) with tiny yellow flowers and narrow leaves found in the southern and northeastern ranges of Oregon. It is native to Southeastern Europe. It favors woodland habitats. It spreads via wind and human activities. Its seeds attach to nearby growing plants.
70838https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/ambrosia-trifida-profile/Ambrosia trifida giant ragweed WatchB*300 4187729 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ambrosia-trifida_C022-07.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ambrosia-trifida_leaf-stem-male-and-female-flowers_copyright_DeanKelchCDFA.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ambrosia-trifida_inflorescence_RichardSpellenberg.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ambrosia-trifida_male-flowers_RichardSpellenberg.jpeg" "Photo: UC Davis Weeds of California","Ambrosia trifida (giant ragweed) leaf, stem, male and female flowers. Photo: © Dean Kelch, CDFA","Ambrosia trifida (giant ragweed) inflorescence. Photo: Richard Spellenberg","Ambrosia trifida (giant ragweed) male flowers. Photo: Richard Spellenberg" Ambrosia trifida (giant ragweed) is an annual herb (family Asteraceae) with a long cluster of green-yellow flowers and opposite leaves found in the central western and southwestern areas of California. Giant ragweed has both female and male flower parts. It is native to the central and eastern United States. It favors grasslands. It spreads via seeds, and easily re-sprouts after being cut.
67005https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/ammophila-arenaria-profile/Ammophila arenariaArundo arenaria European beachgrass High310 50 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ammophila-arenaria_-European-beachgrass_-JM-Di-Tomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ammophila-arenaria_growth-habit_copyright_2009_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ammophila-arenaria_infestation_copyright_2009_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ammophila-arenaria_inflorescences_copyright_2009_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Ammophila arenaria (European beachgrass) growth habit. Photo: © 2009 Neal Kramer","Ammophila arenaria (European beachgrass) infestation. Photo: © 2009 Neal Kramer","Ammophila arenaria (European beachgrass) inflorescences. Photo: © 2009 Neal Kramer" Ammophila arenaria (European beachgrass) is a clumping perennial grass (family Poaceae) found in coastal dune systems from Santa Barbara County north. European beachgrass grows more densely than native American dunegrass (Leymus mollis), trapping passing sand and creating steep dunes that run parallel to the shoreline. This prevents new sand from reaching interior dunes, resulting in changes to the structure and ecology of dune ecosystems. Native plants often cannot compete with dense stands of European beachgrass. It is native to the coastlines of Europe and North Africa.
67007https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/anthoxanthum-odoratum-profile/Anthoxanthum odoratum sweet vernal grass; vanilla grass Limited395 105 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Anthoxanthum-odoratum_-sweet-vernalgrass_-JM-Di-Tomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Anthoxanthum-odoratum_florets-closeup_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Anthoxanthum-odoratum_inflorescenceearly-flower_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Anthoxanthum-odoratum_leaf-blade-sheath-and-stem_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Anthoxanthum-odoratum_infestation_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Anthoxanthum odoratum (sweet vernal grass) florets (closeup). Photo: Keir Morse","Anthoxanthum odoratum (sweet vernal grass) inflorescence (early flower). Photo: Zoya Akulova","Anthoxanthum odoratum (sweet vernal grass) leaf blade, sheath and stem. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Anthoxanthum odoratum (sweet vernal grass) infestation. Photo: Zoya Akulova" Anthoxanthum odoratum (sweet vernal grass) is a short-lived perennial grass (family Poaceae) that grows in hay fields, meadows, roadsides and along ditches. It is native to acidic grasslands of Eurasia and northern Africa. Leaves have a sweet scent, plants flower in late spring and early summer. Inflorescences are often dark in color; floret lemmas have projecting awns. Leaves are hairy and ligules are long and papery. Sweet vernal grass is locally common in coastal grasslands and along roadsides in northern California, particularly along the coast where it is also considered a beneficial forage plant. Anthoxanthum odoratum creates a dense surface root mat, can outcompete other grasses, and can inhibit germination of other plant.
70839https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/araujia-sericifera-profile/Araujia sericifera bladderflower Watch-*505 505 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Araujia-sericifera_C017-01.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Araujia-sericifera_flowers_Ron-Vanderhoff.cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Araujia-sericifera_fruit_Ron-Vanderhoff.cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Araujia-sericifera_leaves_Ron-Vanderhoff.cropped.jpg" "Photo: UC Davis Weeds of California","Araujia sericifera (bladderflower) flowers. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Araujia sericifera (bladderflower) fruit. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Araujia sericifera (bladderflower) leaves. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Araujia sericifera (bladderflower) is a perennial vine (family Asclepiadaceae) with white to pale pink flowers and triangular leaves found in the central and south coast ranges and transverse ranges of California. It is native to South America. It grows in woodlands, grasslands, and scrub and chaparral habitat. Its seed pods spread predominantly via wind, but sometimes by water or birds.
67009https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/arctotheca-calendula-profile/Arctotheca calendulaArctotheca calendulacea (R. Br.) Lewin, Arctotis calendula L.; Cryptostemma calendulaceum (L.) R.Br fertile capeweed ModerateA*634 51 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Arctotheca-calendula_fertile-capeweed_J.M.-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Arctotheca-calendula_flower-head_copyright2001_FredHrusaCDFA.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Arctotheca-calendula_fruit-caryopsis_copyright_DeanKelchCDFA.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Arctotheca-calendula_growth-habit_JuergenSchrenk.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Arctotheca-calendula_infestation_JuergenSchrenk.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Arctotheca calendula (fertile capeweed) flower head. Photo: © 2001 Fred Hrusa, CDFA","Arctotheca calendula (fertile capeweed) fruit (caryopsis). Photo: © Dean Kelch, CDFA","Arctotheca calendula (fertile capeweed) growth habit. Photo: Juergen Schrenk","Arctotheca calendula (fertile capeweed) infestation. Photo: Juergen Schrenk" Arctotheca calendula (fertile capeweed) is a rosette-forming plant (family Asteraceae) found in coastal prairies of the San Francisco Bay area and California\'s north coast. An infertile type of capeweed is cultivated for use as an ornamental groundcover, and a fertile type has also been introduced. The infertile type is very competitive and can escape cultivation locally via creeping stolons, but fertile capeweed can spread faster, typically colonizing open or disturbed sites with exposed soil. Fertile capeweed is a major agricultural weed in Australia. New evidence suggests that the sterile and fertile forms are actually two separate species.
71253https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/arctotheca-prostrata-profile/Arctotheca prostrataArctotheca calendula (infertile forms) capeweed; South African capeweed; cape dandelion; cape gold Moderate11138 52 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Arctotheca-prostrata_capeweed_Eric-Wrubel-NPS.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Arctotheca-prostrata_flower-heads_EricWrubel.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Arctotheca-prostrata_flower-head-phyllaries_RichardSpellenberg.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Arctotheca-prostrata_infestation_RichardSpellenberg.jpeg" "Photo: Eric Wrubel, NPS","Arctotheca prostrata (capeweed) flower heads. Photo: Eric Wrubel","Arctotheca prostrata (capeweed) flower head phyllaries. Photo: Richard Spellenberg","Arctotheca prostrata (capeweed) infestation. Photo: Richard Spellenberg" Arctotheca prostrata (sterile capeweed) is a rosette-forming plant (family Asteraceae) found in coastal prairies and as an urban escape in the San Francisco Bay area and California\'s north, central and southern coast. The infertile type of capeweed is cultivated for use as an ornamental groundcover, and a fertile type has also been introduced. The infertile type is very competitive and can escape cultivation locally via creeping stolons, but fertile capeweed can spread faster, typically colonizing open or disturbed sites with exposed soil. Fertile capeweed is a major agricultural weed in Australia. New evidence suggests that the sterile and fertile forms are actually two separate species.
95790https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/arum-italicum-plant-profile/Arum italicumArum italicum Mill., Arum italicum subsp. italicum Italian Arum, Italian lords and ladies, large cuckoo pint, orange candleflower Watch730 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Arum_italicum_JenniferMo.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Arum-italicum_flowers-and-leaves_AmadejTrnkoczy.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Arum-italicum_fruit-stalks_copyright2021_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Arum-italicum_growth-habit_BarryRice.jpeg" "Photo: Jennifer Mo","Arum italicum (Italian Arum) flowers and leaves. Photo: Amadej Trnkoczy","Arum italicum (Italian Arum) fruit stalks. Photo: © 2021 Neal Kramer","Arum italicum (Italian Arum) growth habit. Photo: Barry Rice" Arum italicum (Italian Arum) is a tuber-forming perennial in the family Araceae that has been used extensively in the horticultural industry. It is native to much of Europe, northern Africa, and western Asia and has naturalized throughout the wetter regions of the western U.S. as well as locally in the eastern U.S., in Australia, New Zealand, portions of South America, and other regions. The plant is noted for its aggressive growth habit in gardens and riparian areas, its ability to cause contact dermatitis, and for being unpalatable to toxic for livestock. It reproduces both by seed that can be carried long distances and by lateral tubers, making it very difficult to control once established.
67011https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/arundo-donax-profile/Arundo donax giant reed High-*732 3 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Arundo-donax_Giant-reed_-JM-Di-Tomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Arundo-donax_giant-reed_Bob-Case_cropped.jpg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Arundo donax (giant reed) growth habit. Photo: Bob Case" Arundo donax (giant reed) is a tall perennial grass (family Poaceae) that typically forms dense stands on disturbed sites, sand dunes, riparian areas, and wetlands. It has invaded central and coastal Southern California river valleys, central California river valleys in San Luis Obispo and Monterey counties, the San Francisco Bay Area, the Sacramento and San Joaquin River valleys and is also increasing in the North Coast region. Arundo donax is threatening California’s riparian ecosystems by outcompeting native species, such as willows, reducing the nesting and foraging value of habitat, changing streamflow, and utilizing more water than native vegetation. It is native to northern Africa and western and central Asia.
128412https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/asparagus-setaceus-profile/Asparagus setaceusAsparagus lujae, Asparagus plumosus, Asparagus tenuissimus, Asparagus zanzibaricus, Asparagus asiaticus var. amharicus common Asparagus fern Watch9025 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Asparagus-setaceus_thumbnail_KeirMorse.jpeg","" "Photo: Keir Morse","" Asparagus setaceus is a perennial vine native to South Africa. It is popular in the horticultural industry, especially as a houseplant. Asparagus setaceus reproduces by seed and rhizome; and it is dispersed by birds and humans. This species is invasive in Australia, Cuba, and New Zealand. It can be distinguished by its wiry stems with many, alternately-branching branchlets, feathery appearance, and small (4-10mm) needle-like, whorled leaves. It forms dense thickets, ensnares trees with its vining habit and thorns and displaces native vegetation. On horticultural sites, Asparagus species are often described as a genus, as \"Asparagus fern\", or under outdated/incorrect species names.
95820https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/asparagus-aethiopicus-plant-profile/Asparagus aethiopicusAsparagus sprengeri, Asparagus densiflorus Asparagus fern, Sprenger's Asparagus, foxtail fern Watch10505 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Asparagus-aethiopicus_profile_RonVanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Asparagus-aethiopicus_flowers_RonVanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Asparagus-aethiopicus_fruit-and-seeds_RonVanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Asparagus-aethiopicus_growth-habit_RonVanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Asparagus-aethiopicus_leaves-and-stems_RonVanderhoff.jpeg" "Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Asparagus aethiopicus (Asparagus fern) flowers. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Asparagus aethiopicus (Asparagus fern) fruit and seeds. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Asparagus aethiopicus (Asparagus fern) growth habit. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Asparagus aethiopicus (Asparagus fern) leaves and stems. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Asparagus aethiopicus (Asparagus fern) is a perennial plant (family Asparagaceae) that is native to South Africa and has been used extensively in the horticulture industry as a garden ornamental. It is characterized by having a low stature and attractive green branches with small, linear leaves, white flowers, and fruits that are red berries. Asparagus aethiopicus can form dense mats above ground with large tubers and an extensive root system that can suppress other vegetation in shaded settings. This species is listed as invasive in several other parts of the globe where it has escaped from gardens, mostly in wetter areas than California. It has established and is apparently spreading in some natural areas in coastal central and southern California.
67013https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/asparagus-asparagoides-profile/Asparagus asparagoidesMyriophyllum asparagoides, Asparagus medeoloides, Dracaena medeoloides, Elachanthera sewelliae, Luzuriaga sewelliaea, Medeola asparagoides bridal creeper; African Asparagus fern; ornamental Asparagus; smilax Asparagus Moderate755 53 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Asparagus_asparagoides_JDiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Asparagus-asparagoides_growth-habit_Ron-Vanderhoff_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Asparagus-asparagoides_infestation_Ron-Vanderhoff_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Asparagus-asparagoides_leaves-and-stem_Ron-Vanderhoff_cropped.jpg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Asparagus asparagoides (bridal creeper) growth habit. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Asparagus asparagoides (bridal creeper) infestation. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Asparagus asparagoides (bridal creeper) leaves and stem. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Asparagus asparagoides (bridal creeper or African Asparagus fern) is a rhizomatous perennial herb (family Liliaceae) found in riparian woodlands of California’s central and south coast. Asparagus asparagoides colonizes both disturbed areas and undisturbed native habitats, but its current distribution is very limited. Plant shoots can form dense mats that limit light levels and then die back in the summer, creating a fire hazard. Plant colonies may also form a dense tuberous mat underground, preventing other plants from accessing soil moisture and nutrients.
67015https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/asphodelus-fistulosus-profile/Asphodelus fistulosusAsphodelus tenuifolius Cav. onion weed; asphodel; hollow stemmed asphodel; wild onion Moderate-*758 54 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Asphodelus-fistulosus_Onionweed_-JM-Di-Tomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Asphodelus-fistulosus_flowers_Ron-Vanderhoff_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Asphodelus-fistulosus_growth-form_Ron-Vanderhoff_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Asphodelus-fistulosus_roots_Ron-Vanderhoff_cropped.jpg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Asphodelus fistulosus (onion weed) flowers. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Asphodelus fistulosus (onion weed) growth form. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Asphodelus fistulosus (onion weed) roots. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Asphodelus fistulosus (onion weed) is an annual/perennial herb (family Liliaceae) found in dry, sandy and rocky places, as well as pastures, roadsides and waste places. Livestock avoid eating it, allowing it to create dense stands that crowd out more desirable forage species in pastures. It is primarily found along coastal regions of Southern California.
67017https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/atriplex-semibaccata-profile/Atriplex semibaccataAtriplex denticulata, Atriplex flagellaris Australian saltbush; berry saltbush; creeping saltbush; scrambing berry saltbush Moderate1003 154 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Atriplex-semibaccata_Australian-saltbush_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Atriplex-semibaccata_growth-form_James-Bailey_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Atriplex-semibaccata_leaves-stems-and-fruit_Ron-Vanderhoff_cropped.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Atriplex semibaccata (Australian saltbush) growth form. Photo: James Bailey","Atriplex semibaccata (Australian saltbush) leaves, stems and fruit. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Atriplex semibaccata (Australian saltbush) is a low-statured, spreading, shrubby perennial (family Chenopodiaceae) that is native to Australia. It is distinguished by its small, grey-green leaves that are white on the underside and red, diamond-shaped fleshy fruits. Australian saltbush was introduced as a forage plant in the 1920’s. Since then, it has escaped cultivation and is now invasive in coastal grasslands, scrub habitat, and the higher ground of salt marshes, where it can form dense stands and displace native plants. Australian saltbush has become an alternate host plant for the pygmy blue butterfly since its introduction into North America.
67019https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/avena-barbata-profile/Avena barbata slender oat Moderate1017 106 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Avena-barbata_slender-oat_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Avena-barbata_inflorescence_Ron-Vanderhoff_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Avena-barbata_lemma_Ron-Vanderhoff_cropped.jpg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Avena barbata (slender oat) inflorescence. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Avena barbata (slender oat) lemma. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff"

Avena barbata (slender wild oat) is a winter annual grass (family Poaceae) that grows in nearly every grassland area of the state. It does well in sandy/poor soils, often on the road verges. It is one of the annual grasses that was introduced as a forage species and has replaced the native perennial grasses.

67021https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/avena-fatua-profile/Avena fatua wild oats Moderate1018 107 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Avena-fatua_wildoat_-JM-Di-Tomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Avena-fatua__lemma_Ron-Vanderhoff_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Avena-fatua_infestation_Ron-Vanderhoff_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Avena-fatua_inflorescence_Ron-Vanderhoff_cropped.jpg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Avena fatua (wild oats) lemma. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Avena fatua (wild oats) infestation. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Avena fatua (wild oats) inflorescence. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff"

Avena fatua (wild oat) is a winter annual grass (family Poaceae) that is a common agricultural weed. It grows in most grassland sites within the state, particularly in sandy/poor soils, often on the road verges. It is one of the annual grasses that was introduced as a forage species and has replaced the native perennial grasses.

67023https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/bassia-hyssopifolia-profile/Bassia hyssopifoliaEchinopsilon hyssopifolius (Pallus) Moq., Kochia hyssopifolia (Pallas) Schrad., Salsola hyssopifolia (Pall.) five-hook Bassia; five horn Bassia; five-horn smotherweed; hyssop-leaved echinopsilon; smotherweed; thorn orache; Limited1060 155 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Bassia-hyssopifolia_fivehook_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Bassia-hyssopifolia_flowers_copyright_2019_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Bassia-hyssopifolia_fruits_copyright_2019_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Bassia-hyssopifolia_growth-habit_copyright_2019_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Bassia-hyssopifolia_leaves-and-stem_copyright_2019_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Bassia-hyssopifolia_seedling__copyright_2013_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Bassia hyssopifolia (five-hook Bassia) flowers. Photo: © 2019 Neal Kramer","Bassia hyssopifolia (five-hook Bassia) fruits. Photo: © 2019 Neal Kramer","Bassia hyssopifolia (five-hook Bassia) growth habit. Photo: © 2019 Neal Kramer","Bassia hyssopifolia (five-hook Bassia) leaves and stem. Photo: © 2019 Neal Kramer","Bassia hyssopifolia (five-hook Bassia) seedling. Photo: © 2013 Neal Kramer" Bassia hyssopifolia (fivehook Bassia) is an annual herb (family Chenopodiaceae) found throughout California, except in high elevation areas in the northwestern region of the state and Sierra Nevada Mountains. It prefers wetland areas, alkaline habitats and disturbed places such as roadsides and fields. Fivehook Bassia is acceptable forage for sheep in small amounts, but the foliage can be toxic in large quantities. The plant produces copious amounts of seed, but small populations can be controlled by mechanically removing plants before seed set. Mowing and grazing are not suitable control methods, as the plants commonly resprout from the base after such treatment.
67025https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/bellardia-trixago-profile/Bellardia trixagoBartsia trixago L., Rhinanthus trixago L. Bellardia; mediterranean lineseed Limited1064 156 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Bellardia-trixago_-JM-Di-Tomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Bellardia-trixago_flowers_copyright_2018_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Bellardia-trixago_growth-habit_copyright_2018_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Bellardia-trixago_seed-podsdry_copyright_2018_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Bellardia trixago (Bellardia) flowers. Photo: © 2018 Neal Kramer","Bellardia trixago (Bellardia) growth habit. Photo: © 2018 Neal Kramer","Bellardia trixago (Bellardia) seed pods (dry). Photo: © 2018 Neal Kramer" Bellardia trixago (Bellardia) is an annual herb (family Scrophulariaceae) found in the San Francisco Bay region, southern Sacramento Valley, western North Coast Ranges and central coast of California. It is commonly found in disturbed grasslands, including rare serpentine grasslands, as well as along roadsides and in fields. Bellardia is a hemi-parasitic plant that connects its shallow roots to those of host plants. The plant relies on these host plants to obtain necessary nutrients for survival, but is capable of photosynthesis. The impacts and invasiveness of Bellardia are generally minor, but it can crowd out rare native plants that are endemic to serpentine soils.
70840https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/berberis-darwinii-profile/Berberis darwinii Darwin barberry Watch8502 214 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Berberis-darwinii_Zoya-Akulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Berberis-darwinii_fruits_NicholasStevenson.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Berberis-darwinii_flowers-stem-and-leaves_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Berberis-darwinii_growth-habit_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg" "Photo: Zoya Akulova","Berberis darwinii (Darwin barberry) fruits. Photo: Nicholas Stevenson","Berberis darwinii (Darwin Barberry) flowers, stem and leaves. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Berberis darwinii (Darwin Barberry) growth habit. Photo: Zoya Akulova" Berberis darwinii (Darwin barberry) is a shrub (family Berberidaceae ) with yellow-orange flowers and small spiny leaves found in the central and north coast ranges of California. It is native to southern South America. It favors forest and woodland habitats. It spreads via birds and other animals that eat the fruit, and may also be dispersed in garden waste.
70841https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/berteroa-incana-profile/Berteroa incana hoary Alyssum Watch-*10511 10511 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Berteroa-incana_John-Doyen.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Berteroa-incana_fruits_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Berteroa-incana_growth-habit-full-flower_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Berteroa-incana_inflorescence_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Berteroa-incana_leaf_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Berteroa-incana_leaves-and-stem_KeirMorse.jpeg" "Photo: John Doyen","Berteroa incana (hoary Alyssum) fruits. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Berteroa incana (hoary Alyssum) growth habit (full flower). Photo: Keir Morse","Berteroa incana (hoary Alyssum) inflorescence. Photo: Keir Morse","Berteroa incana (hoary Alyssum) leaf. Photo: Keir Morse","Berteroa incana (hoary Alyssum) leaves and stem. Photo: Keir Morse" Berteroa incana (hoary Alyssum) is a hairy herb (family Brassicaceae) with a cluster of white flowers and grayish leaves found in the Central Valley, Modoc Plateau area and desert ranges of California. It is native to Eurasia. It favors grasslands and wetlands. It spreads via seeds and possibly suckers, and vegetatively re-sprouts from its base.
67026https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/brachypodium-distachyon-profile/Brachypodium distachyonBromus distachya (L.) Link., Trachynia distachya (L.) Link annual false-brome; false brome; purple false brome; stiff brome Moderate1137 4 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Brachypodium-distachyon_annual-falsebrome_-JM-Di-Tomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Brachypodium-distachyon_growth-habit_Ron-Vanderhoff_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Brachypodium-distachyon_inflorescence_Ron-Vanderhoff_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Brachypodium-distachyon_spikelet_Ron-Vanderhoff_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Brachypodium-distachyon_culms-and-nodes_ZoyaAkulova.jpg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Brachypodium distachyon (annual false-brome) growth habit. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Brachypodium distachyon (annual false-brome) inflorescence. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Brachypodium distachyon (annual false-brome) spikelet. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Brachypodium distachyon (annual false-brome) culms and nodes. Photo: Zoya Akulova" Brachypodium distachyon (annual false-brome, false-brome, purple false-brome) is a winter annual grass (family Poaceae) that is locally abundant in drier regions of California. Its native range is Eurasia with a primary distribution center in the Mediterranean. Annual false-brome has been introduced and become problematic across several other regions of the world. This grass can be distinguished from other invasive grasses by having a flattened and compact inflorescence, a relatively short stature, culms that may be angled, and nodes that are hairy. Leaves are greenish blue with stiffened hairs; plants feel rough to the touch. Brachypodium distachyon occurs primarily in dry, open, or disturbed sites and flowers later than most other annual grasses. It can outcompete native plants and leaves a persistent thatch that increases fuel load and impacts native seed germination.
67028https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/brachypodium-sylvaticum-profile/Brachypodium sylvaticum slender false-brome; false-brome Moderate-*9292 55 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Brachypodium_sylvaticum_John_Beall-e1508440528240.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Brachypodium-sylvaticum_leaf-blade-sheath-and-stem_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Brachypodium-silvaticum_spikelets_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Brachypodium-sylvaticum_leaf-margins_ScotLoring.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Brachypodium-sylvaticum_growth-habit_ScotLoring.jpeg" "Photo: John Beall","Brachypodium sylvaticum (slender false-brome) leaf blade, sheath, and stem. Photo: Keir Morse","Brachypodium sylvaticum (slender false-brome) spikelets. Photo: Keir Morse","Brachypodium sylvaticum (slender false-brome) leaf margins. Photo: Scot Loring","Brachypodium sylvaticum (slender false-brome) growth habit. Photo: Scot Loring" Brachypodium sylvaticum (slender false-brome) is a perennial bunchgrass (family Poaceae) whose known distribution in California is currently limited to portions of San Mateo and Santa Clara Counties. Slender false-brome was introduced to Oregon in 1930, where it spread rapidly in forests and upland prairies, especially along roadsides and trails. It forms a dense cover that may suppress forest regeneration, degrade wildlife habitat, and increase fire risks. In California it has invaded redwood groves, and there is concern that it could damage this limited habitat type.
67030https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/brassica-nigra-profile/Brassica nigraSinapis nigra (L.) black mustard Moderate1144 108 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Brassica-nigra-Bommer-Trail-3-3-12-8.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Brassica-nigra_flowers_Ron-Vanderhoff_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Brassica-nigra_Black-Mustard_plants_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Brassica-nigra_leaves_Ron-Vanderhoff_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Brassica-nigra_summer-infestation_Ron-Vanderhoff_cropped.jpg" "Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Brassica nigra (black mustard) flowers. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Brassica nigra (black mustard) growth habit. Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Brassica nigra (black mustard) leaves. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Brassica nigra (black mustard) infestation (summer). Photo: Ron Vanderhoff"

Brassica nigra (black mustard) is a winter annual herb/forb (family Brassicaceae). Like other mustards, black mustard grows profusely and produces allelopathic chemicals that prevent germination of native plants. The spread of black mustard can increase the frequency of fires in chaparral and coastal sage scrub, changing these habitats to annual grassland.

67034https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/brassica-rapa-profile/Brassica rapaBrassica campestris L. field mustard; turnip Limited1145 109 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Brassica-rapa_Birdsrape-mustard_flowers_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Brassica-rapa_flowers-and-fruits_Ron-Vanderhoff_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Brassica-rapa_flowers_RonVanderhoff_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Brassica-rapa_leaf-and-stem_Ron-Vanderhoff_cropped.jpg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Brassica rapa (field mustard) flowers and fruits. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Brassica rapa (field mustard) flowers. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Brassica rapa (field mustard) leaf and stem. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff"

Brassica rapa (birdsrape mustard, field mustard) is a winter annual herb (family Brassicaceae) located throughout California. Birdsrape is resistant to frost and mild freezes and is an aggressive plant that grows profusely and may produce allelopathic chemicals that inhibit germination of native plants. Buried seeds can survive 50 years or more.

67036https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/brassica-tournefortii-profile/Brassica tournefortii Sahara mustard; Morrocan mustard; Asian mustard HighC1146 110 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Brassica-tournefortii_Saharan-mustard_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Brassica-tournefortii_flower_Ron-Vanderhoff_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Brassica-tournefortii_fruits_Ron-Vanderhoff_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Brassica-tournefortii_growth-habit-small-plant_Ron-Vanderhoff_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Brassica-tournefortii_infestation_Ron-Vanderhoff_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Brassica-tournefortii_leaves_Ron-Vanderhoff_cropped.jpg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Brassica tournefortii (Sahara mustard) flower. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Brassica tournefortii (Sahara mustard) fruits. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Brassica tournefortii (Sahara mustard) growth habit (small plant). Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Brassica tournefortii (Sahara mustard) infestation. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Brassica tournefortii (Sahara mustard) leaves. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Brassica tournefortii (Saharan mustard or African mustard) is a winter annual (family Brassicaceae) found in deserts, desert dunes, and coastal scrub, including the San Joaquin Valley, Sonoran and Mojave Deserts, and southwestern region of California. Saharan mustard readily invades newly burned areas, and is known to increase fire frequency and fuel load. Increased fire frequency can cause scrub habitats to convert to grasslands because the native shrubs are not adapted to recurrent fires. The high biomass of Saharan mustard, along with frequent fires, may deplete soils of important nutrients, making native habitat recovery more difficult.
67038https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/briza-maxima-profile/Briza maxima big quakinggrass; rattlesnake grass; large quakinggrass, Limited1165 157 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Briza-maxima_-big-quaking-grass_-JM-Di-Tomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Briza-maxima_spikelets_JuttaBurger.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Briza-maxima_stem-and-ligule_JuttaBurger-scaled.jpg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Briza maxima (big quakinggrass) spikelets. Photo: Jutta Burger","Briza maxima (big quakinggrass) stem and ligule. Photo: Jutta Burger"

Briza maxima (big quaking grass, rattlesnake grass) is a winter annual grass (family Poaceae) and is located throughout the coastal ranges of California. It is, on occasion, grown for its ornamental panicles but has spread into many grassland regions where it can be the dominant species.

67040https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/bromus-diandrus-profile/Bromus diandrusB. rigidus, B. rigidus var gussonei, B. gussonei ripgut brome; great brome; ripgut grass Moderate1200 111 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Bromus-diandrus_ripgut-brome_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Bromus-diandrus_growth-habit_Ron-Vanderhoff_-cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Bromus-diandrus_inflorescence_Ron-Vanderhoff_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Bromus-diandrus_leaf-and-sheath_Ron-Vanderhoff_cropped.jpg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Bromus diandrus (ripgut brome) growth habit. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Bromus diandrus (ripgut brome) inflorescence. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Bromus diandrus (ripgut brome) leaf and sheath. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff"

Bromus diandrus (ripgut brome) is an annual grass (family Poaceae) found throughout California and other western states. Ripgut brome is one of several European annual grasses that have displaced much of the native grass throughout California. Ripgut brome becomes very dry and flammable during the dry season, increasing wildfire frequency. Increased wildfire frequency leads to conversion of shrubland and woodland to grassland. Ripgut brome is reported to hybridize with two other invasive grasses: downy brome (Bromus tectorum) and red brome (Bromus madritensis). Brome seeds may spread great distances via water and soil movement and by clinging to animals and people.

67042https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/bromus-hordeaceus-profile/Bromus hordeaceusBromus confertus Boreau. (B. racemosus and B. scoparious mistakenly used in some older references) soft brome; soft chess; lopgrass Limited1202 112 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Bromus-hordeaceus_soft-brome_-JM-Di-Tomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Bromus-hordeaceus_growth-habit_Ron-Vanderhoff_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Bromus-hordeaceus_spikelets_Ron-Vanderhoff_cropped.jpg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Bromus hordeaceus (soft brome) growth habit. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Bromus hordeaceus (soft brome) spikelets. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff"

Bromus hordeaceus (soft brome) is an annual grass (family Poaceae) distributed at low elevation areas in California, especially in disturbed and open areas. Bromus hordeaceus out competes native grasses and is commonly eaten by range animals, although its forage value is very low. It can invade soils with low fertility, such as the serpentine soils that are home to rare plant species.

67044https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/bromus-japonicus-profile/Bromus japonicusBromus abolini Drob., Bromus chiapporianus de Not. Ex Nyman, Bromus commutatus Schrad., Bromus cyri Trin., Bromus gedrosianus Penzes, Bromus japonicus ssp. anatolicus (Boiss. & Heldr.) Penzes, Bromus japonicus Thunb. ex Murr. var. porectus Hack., Bromus japonicus var. susquarrosus (Borb.) Savul. & Rays, Bromus multiflorus DC. ex Lam. & DC, Bromus patulus Mert. & Koch, Bromus pendulus Schur. Bromus unilateralis Schur., Bromus vestitus Schrad. Japanese brome; Japanese chess Limited1205 5 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Bromus_japonicus_JDiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Bromus_japonicus_Japanese-brome_Patrick-Alexander_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Bromus-japonicus_leaf-blade-and-sheath_SteveMatson.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Bromus-japonicus_inflorescencemature_copyright2020_MaeveHenwoodSierraPacificIndustries.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Bromus-japonicus_growth-habit_copyright2020_MaeveHenwoodSierraPacificIndustries.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Bromus japonicus (Japanese brome) inflorescence. Photo: Patrick Alexander","Bromus japonicus (Japanese brome) leaf blade and sheath. Photo: Steve Matson","Bromus japonicus (Japanese brome) inflorescence (mature). Photo: © 2020 Maeve Henwood, Sierra Pacific Industries","Bromus japonicus (Japanese brome) growth habit. Photo: © 2020 Maeve Henwood, Sierra Pacific Industries"

Bromus japonicus (Japanese brome, Japanese chess) is a cool season annual grass (family Poaceae) commonly found in Northern California. This grass out-competes native grasses in areas where grazing and fire have been reduced.

67046https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/bromus-madritensis-ssp-rubens-profile/Bromus madritensis ssp. rubensBromus rubens red brome; foxtail chess High1209 6 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Bromus-madritensis_red-brome_-JM-Di-Tomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Bromus-madritensis_red-brome_Bob-Case_cropped.jpg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Bromus madritensis (red brome) growth habit. Photo: Bob Case" Bromus madritensis ssp. rubens (=B. rubens) (red brome) is a cool-season annual grass (family Poaceae) found throughout California, especially in the southern part of the state. Red brome invades disturbed areas, roadsides, agricultural fields, rangelands, and forestry sites, in addition to native communities. Red brome is spreading rapidly in desert shrublands, pinyon pine-juniper communities, three-needle pine woodlands, and coastal scrub, where it increases fire frequency and converts habitat to annual grassland.
67048https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/bromus-tectorum-profile/Bromus tectorum cheatgrass; downy brome HighC1218 113 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Bromus-tectorum_cheatgrass_JoeDiTomaso_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Bromus-tectorum_inflorescence_Ron-Vanderhoff_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Bromus-tectorum_leaf-blade-sheath-and-stem_JoeDiTomaso.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Bromus-tectorum_growth-habit_JoeDiTomaso.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) inflorescence. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) leaf blade, sheath, and stem. Photo: Joe DiTomaso","Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) growth habit. Photo: Joe DiTomaso" Bromus tectorum (downy brome, cheatgrass) is an annual grass (family Poaceae). It is the dominant grass on sagebrush (Artemisia species) rangelands on the Modoc Plateau in northeastern California and along the eastern Sierra Nevada to Owens Valley. This weed overcrowds native grasslands and croplands. Replacement of native grasses by cheatgrass increases the frequency and extent of wildfires.
70842https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/buddleja-davidii-profile/Buddleja davidii butterfly bush Watch1222 158 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Buddleja-davidii_Louis-M.-Landry.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Buddleja-davidii_flowers_Ron-Vanderhoff_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Buddleja-davidii_growth-habit_Ron-Vanderhoff_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Buddleja-davidii_stems-leaves-and-inflorescence_RonVanderhoff_cropped.jpg" "Photo: Louis M. Landry","Buddleja davidii (butterfly bush) flowers. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Buddleja davidii (butterfly bush) growth habit. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Buddleja davidii (butterfly bush) stems, leaves, and inflorescence. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Buddleja davidii (butterfly bush) is a shrub (family Buddlejaceae) with a cluster of pink to purple flowers and narrow leaves found in the San Francisco Bay area and coastal ranges of California, and is invasive in the Pacific Northwest. It is native to China. It favors riparian and bottomland habitat. It is highly regenerative and can spread via dumped garden waste. Seeds are retained on the plant over the winter and they are released in early spring or summer. Seed dispersal can start in late autumn or early winter.
67050https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/cakile-maritima-profile/Cakile maritima European sea rocket Limited1233 159 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cakile-maritima-by-Waen.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cakile-maritima_flowers_Ron-Vanderhoff_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cakile-maritima_growth-habit_Ron-Vanderhoff_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cakile-maritima_infestation_copyright_2020_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cakile-maritima_seed-pods__copyright_2009_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Waen, via Wikimedia Commons","Cakile maritima (European sea rocket) flowers. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Cakile maritima (European sea rocket) growth habit. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Cakile maritima (European sea rocket) infestation. Photo: © 2020 Neal Kramer ","Cakile maritima (European sea rocket) seed pods. Photo: © 2009 Neal Kramer " Cakile maritima (European sea rocket) is a succulent annual or perennial (family Brassicaceae) found in coastal dunes spread throughout the coast of California. European sea rocket is a common invasive plant, but its impacts appear to be relatively minor. European sea rocket reproduces by seed, which is distributed by ship ballasts, sand transport, tidal movement, and human activity. In comparison to native dune plants, it produces more seed, disperses greater distances, and tolerates more disturbances. Laboratory experiments demonstrate that the plant may have allelopathic effects, but these effects have not been observed in field experiments. It is native to Europe.
67058https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/carduus-acanthoides-profile/Carduus acanthoidesCarduus fortior plumeless thistle; bristly thistle; giant plumeless thistle; spiny thistle Limited-*1502 161 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Carduus-acanthoides_Plumeless-Thistle__flower_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Carduus-acanthoides_growth-habit_Douglas-Barbe-CDFA_cropped.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Carduus-acanthoides_leaves-and-root_DFoley-CDFA_cropped.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Carduus acanthoides (plumeless thistle) growth habit. Photo: Douglas Barbe, CDFA","Carduus acanthoides (plumeless thistle) leaves and root. Photo: DFoley, CDFA" Carduus acanthoides (plumeless thistle) is a tall biennial (family Asteraceae) with spiny leaves that colonizes disturbed open sites, roadsides, pastures, annual grasslands, and waste areas. It can inhibit growth of native plants in its vicinity. Plumeless thistle is uncommon in California, and the California Department of Food and Agriculture has an active program to control known populations.
67060https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/carduus-nutans-profile/Carduus nutans musk thistle; giant plumeless thistle; nodding (plumeless) thistle; Moderate-*1503 8 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Carduus-nutans_Musk-Thistle_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Carduus-nutans_flower-heads-in-flower-and-in-bud_BobCase.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Carduus-nutans_growth-habit_BobCase-scaled.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Carduus-nutans_rosette_BobCase.jpg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Carduus nutans (musk thistle) flower heads (in flower and in bud). Photo: Bob Case","Carduus nutans (musk thistle) growth habit. Photo: Bob Case","Carduus nutans (musk thistle) rosette. Photo: Bob Case" Carduus nutans (musk thistle) is a biennial or winter annual (family Asteraceae) found in disturbed open sites, roadsides, pastures, annual grasslands, and waste areas, but is mostly limited to the Klamath and Cascade Ranges, northern Sierra Nevada, and Modoc Plateau in California. Previous populations in southern California were eradicated.
67062https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/carduus-pycnocephalus-profile/Carduus pycnocephalus Italian thistle ModerateC*1504 57 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Carduus-pycnocephalus_Italian-thistle_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Carduus-pycnocephalus_seedlings_copyright_2019_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Carduus-pycnocephalus_flower-heads-senescent_ZoyaAkulova.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Carduus-pycnocephalus_seed-and-pappus_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Carduus-pycnocephalus_flower-heads_BobCase-scaled.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Carduus-pycnocephalus_stem_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Carduus-pycnocephalus_phyllaries_copyright2001_FredHrusaCDFA.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Carduus pycnocephalus (Italian thistle) seedlings. Photo: © 2019 Neal Kramer","Carduus pycnocephalus (Italian thistle) flower heads (senescent). Photo: Zoya Akulova","Carduus pycnocephalus (Italian thistle) seed and pappus. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Carduus pycnocephalus (Italian thistle) flower heads. Photo: Bob Case","Carduus pycnocephalus (Italian thistle) stem. Photo: Keir Morse","Carduus pycnocephalus (Italian thistle) phyllaries. Photo: © 2001 Fred Hrusa, CDFA" Carduus pycnocephalus (Italian thistle) is a winter annual forb (family Asteraceae) that is native to the Mediterranean region of southern Europe, northern Africa, western Asia. It is widely distributed in disturbed open sites, roadsides, pastures, annual grasslands, and waste areas across much of California. Plants grow up to 20 dm, are often slightly woolly, and narrowly winged along stems and spined. Flower heads typically occur in clusters of 2-5. Phyllary (flower head scale) margins are not scarious, unlike its close relative, C. tenuiflorus. Italian thistle can facilitate fire spread and frequency by providing fuels in some habitats and creates monocultures that reduce native seedling recruitment and survival. It is a host species for the introduced weevil, Rhinocilus conicus, which also attacks native thistles.
67064https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/carduus-tenuiflorus-profile/Carduus tenuiflorus slenderflower thistle; Italian thistle; multiheaded thistle; seaside thistle; shore thistle; winged plumeless thistle Limited-*1505 9 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Carduus-tenuiflorus_slenderflower-thistle_JM-DiTomaso_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Carduus-tenuiflorus_phyllaries_copyright_DeanKelchCDFA-1.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Carduus-tenuiflorus_flower-heads_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Carduus-tenuiflorus_stem_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Carduus-tenuiflorus_growth-habit_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Carduus tenuiflorus (slenderflower thistle) phyllaries. Photo: © Dean Kelch, CDFA","Carduus tenuiflorus (slenderflower thistle) flower heads. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Carduus tenuiflorus (slenderflower thistle) stem. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Carduus tenuiflorus (slenderflower thistle) growth habit. Photo: Zoya Akulova" Carduus tenuiflorus (slenderflower thistle) is a tall annual or biennial  herb (family Asteraceae) that is native to Europe and is distributed across the California coast and in the Central Valley and Sierra foothill grasslands. It is similar in appearance and habit to Italian thistle (Carduus pycnocephalus), but is far less widely distributed and difficult to distinguish. Plants typically have more flower heads per cluster (5-20) and phyllaries (flower head scales) that are scarious-margins.  Slenderflower thistle reduces forage for wildlife and livestock due to its spiny nature.
70843https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/carex-pendula-profile/Carex pendula hanging sedge Watch10523 10523 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Carex-pendula_Dean-Wm.-Taylor_-Ph.D-1.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Carex-pendula_growth-habit_copyright_2015_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Carex-pendula_inflorescence_copyright_2015_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Carex-pendula_leaves-and-roots_copyright_2015_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Dean W. Taylor","Carex pendula (hanging sedge) growth habit. Photo: © 2015 Neal Kramer","Carex pendula (hanging sedge) inflorescence. Photo: © 2015 Neal Kramer","Carex pendula (hanging sedge) leaves and roots. Photo: © 2015 Neal Kramer" Carex pendula (hanging sedge) is a sedge (family Cyperaceae) that can grow to be more than 6 feet tall and is found in the San Francisco Bay area and Sacramento Valley in California. It has red-brown to purple tips. It is native to Europe. It spreads via rhizomes and seeds. One plant can produce 20,000 seeds with a 90% germination rate. It favors forest and riparian and bottomland habitat.
67066https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/carpobrotus-chilensis-profile/Carpobrotus chilensisMesembryanthemum chilensis, Carpobrotus mellei, Carpobrotus aequilaterus sea fig; iceplant Moderate1659 58 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Carpobrotus-chilensis_sea-fig_JM-DiTomaso_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Carpobrotus-chilensis_flower-leaves-and-fruit-bisected_copyright_2018_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Carpobrotus chilensis (sea fig) flower, leaves, and fruit (bisected). Photo: © 2018 Neal Kramer" Carpobrotus chilensis (sea fig, iceplant) is a succulent shrub (family Aizoaceae) found throughout coastal California and the Channel Islands, especially in areas with a warm winter climate. Carpobrotus chilensis may have been introduced during early Spanish settlement. It now inhabits coastal scrub, grasslands, chaparral, bluffs, dunes and beaches, where it creates dense mats that increase soil organic matter over time, allowing new non-native species to invade. Sea fig propagates by seed and vegetatively. Even small stem fragments can regenerate into a new plant, making control difficult.
67068https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/carpobrotus-edulis-profile/Carpobrotus edulis highway iceplant High1660 59 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Carpobrotus-edulis_hottentot-fig_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Carpobrotus-edulis_flowers-yellow-and-pink-form_copyright_2009_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Carpobrotus-edulis_flowers-leaves-and-fruit-bisected_copyright_2018_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Carpobrotus-edulis_infestation_copyright_2008_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Carpobrotus edulis (highway iceplant) flowers (yellow and pink form). Photo: © 2009 Neal Kramer","Carpobrotus edulis (highway iceplant) flower, leaves and fruit (bisected). Photo: © 2018 Neal Kramer","Carpobrotus edulis (highway iceplant) infestation. Photo: © 2008 Neal Kramer" Carpobrotus edulis (Hottentot-fig or iceplant) is a succulent shrub (family Aizoaceae) found throughout coastal California and the Channel Islands, especially in areas with a warm winter climate. Introduced as an ornamental plant, Carpobrotus edulis now inhabits coastal scrub, grasslands, chaparral, bluffs, dunes and beaches where it creates dense mats that increase soil organic matter over time, allowing new non-native species to invade. Carpobrotus edulis propagates by seed and vegetatively. Even small stem fragments can regenerate into a new plant, making control difficult.
70531https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/carrichtera-annua-profile/Carrichtera annuaVella annua Ward's weed ModerateA11209 11209 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Carrichtera-annua_Flora-y-Vegetacion-Wikimedia.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Carrichtera-annua_flower-and-leaves_ChrisMcDonald.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Carrichtera-annua_fruits_AndyJones.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Carrichtera-annua_leaves-and-stems_JasonGiessow.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Carrichtera-annua_growth-habit_JasonGiessow.jpg" "Photo: Wikimedia","Carrichtera annua (Ward's weed) flower and leaves. Photo: Chris McDonald","Carrichtera annua (Ward's weed) fruits. Photo: Andy Jones","Carrichtera annua (Ward's weed) leaves and stems. Photo: Jason Giessow","Carrichtera annua (Ward's weed) growth habit. Photo: Jason Giessow" Carrichtera annua (Ward\'s weed) is an annual herb (family Brassicaceae ) with white to yellow flowers and hairy lobed leaves found in the south coast ranges of California. It is native to the Mediterranean and southwestern Asia. It favors grasslands and scrub and chaparral habitat. It reproduces by seed only. Seeds are dispersed by foraging animals, vehicles, agricultural activities and humans.
67070https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/carthamus-lanatus-profile/Carthamus lanatusCarthamus lanatus ssp. lanatus woolly distaff thistle; false starthistle; saffron thistle; woolly safflower; woolly starthistle High-*1662 10 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Carthamus-lanatus_Woolly-distaff-thistle_flowerhead_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Carthamus-lanatus_flower-head-leaves-and-stem_EricWrubel.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Carthamus-lanatus_involucral-bracts_copyright_CDFA.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Carthamus-lanatus_young-rosette_copyright2001_DouglasBarbe-CDFA.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Carthamus lanatus (woolly distaff thistle) flower head, leaves, and stem. Photo: Eric Wrubel","Carthamus lanatus (woolly distaff thistle) involucral bracts. Photo: © CDFA","Carthamus lanatus (woolly distaff thistle) young rosette. Photo: © 2001 Douglas Barbe, CDFA" Carthamus lanatus (woolly distaff thistle) is a winter annual forb (family Asteraceae) found in disturbed open sites, roadsides, pastures, annual grasslands, and waste areas. Its spiny foliage can injure livestock. It is primarily found in the northern coast ranges of California.
70844https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/casuarina-equisetifolia-profile/Casuarina equisetifolia beach sheoak Watch12345 12345 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Casuarina-equisetifolia_Zoya-Akulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Casuarina-equisetifolia_fruits-and-leaves_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Casuarina-equisetifolia_fruits_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Casuarina-equisetifolia_growth-habit_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg" "Photo: Zoya Akulova","Casuarina equisetifolia (beach sheoak) fruits and leaves. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Casuarina equisetifolia (beach sheoak) fruits. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Casuarina equisetifolia (beach sheoak) growth habit. Photo: Zoya Akulova" Casuarina equisetifolia (beach sheoak) is an evergreen tree (family Casuarinaceae) with tiny red flowers and needle-like leaves found in the Sacramento Valley, San Francisco Bay area, south coast ranges and desert ranges of California. It has both female and male flower parts. It is native to northern Australia and Southeast Asia. It occurs in dunes. It freely self-seeds in disturbed areas. Migrating gold finches, parrots and parakeets feed on the seeds and disperse them. Wind also disperses the winged seeds.
70845https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/catharanthus-roseus-profile/Catharanthus roseus Madagascar periwinkle Watch1739 1739 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Catharanthus_roseus-by-Joy-Deep.jpg" "Photo by Joy Deep" Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle) is a herb/ (family Apocynaceae) with pink flowers and oval shaped leaves found in the south coast and desert ranges of California. It is native to Madagascar. It favors dunes, grasslands, and scrub and chaparral habitat. It spreads via seeds and is easily cultivated. Seeds are dispersed by ants, water, wind and dumped garden waste.
70846https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/cenchrus-echinatus-profile/Cenchrus echinatus southern sandbur WatchB*1840 1840 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cenchrus-echinatus_C182-01.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cenchrus-echinatus_growth-habit_RonVanderhoff.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cenchrus-echinatus_inflorescence_RonVanderhoff.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cenchrus-echinatus_seed-head_RonVanderhoff.jpg" "Photo: UC Davis Weeds of California","Cenchrus echinatus (southern sandbur) growth habit. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Cenchrus echinatus (southern sandbur) inflorescence. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Cenchrus echinatus (southern sandbur) seed head. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Cenchrus echinatus (southern sandbur) is an annual grass (family Poaceae) that can grow up to 30 inches tall and is found in the San Francisco Bay area and the south coast and desert ranges of California. It is native to the southern United States, Mexico, Central America and South America. It favors grasslands and dunes. It spreads via seeds which can attach to clothing or animals and can be carried by wind or water.
70847https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/cenchrus-longispinus-profile/Cenchrus longispinus mat sandbur WatchB*1842 1842 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cenchrus-longispinus_longspine-sandbur_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cenchrus-longispinus_leaf-base-and-stem_RonVanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cenchrus-longispinus_seed-head_RonVanderhoff.jpeg" "","Cenchrus longispinus (mat sandbur) leaf base and stem. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Cenchrus longispinus (mat sandbur) seed head. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Cenchrus longispinus (mat sandbur) is an annual grass (family Poaceae) that can grow up to 2 feet tall and is found in the Central Valley, Modoc Plateau area, and the south coast and desert ranges of California. It is native to the central and eastern United States. It favors grasslands and dunes. It reproduces by seeds which disperse by clinging to animals, shoes, clothing, machinery and floating on water.
67072https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/centaurea-calcitrapa-profile/Centaurea calcitrapa purple starthistle Moderate-*1845 60 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Centaurea-calcitrapa_purple-starthistle_flowering-head_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Centaurea-calcitrapa_flowerhead_copyright_2015_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Centaurea-calcitrapa_infestation_copyright_2008_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Centaurea-calcitrapa_rosette_copyright_2008_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Centaurea calcitrapa (purple starthistle) flowerhead. Photo: © 2015 Neal Kramer","Centaurea calcitrapa (purple starthistle) infestation. Photo: © 2008 Neal Kramer","Centaurea calcitrapa (purple starthistle) rosette. Photo: © 2008 Neal Kramer" Centaurea calcitrapa (purple starthistle) grows as an annual, biennial or perennial (family Asteraceae) in fields, roadsides, disturbed open sites, grasslands, overgrazed rangelands, and logged areas in the northern and central coast ranges of California. It is native to Europe, and, like other Centaurea species, may produce allelopathic effects. It is highly competitive with other plants, often displacing desired vegetation.
67076https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/centaurea-diffusa-profile/Centaurea diffusaAcosta diffusa (Lam.) Sojak diffuse knapweed Moderate-*1847 11 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Centaurea-diffusa_diffuse-knapweed_flowerheads_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Centaurea-diffusa_flower-head-full-flower_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Centaurea-diffusa_flower-heads_copyright2001_FredHrusaCDFA.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Centaurea-diffusa_rosette_copyright2001_FredHrusaCDFA.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Centaurea-diffusa_growth-habit_copyright2001_FredHrusaCDFA.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Centaurea diffusa (diffuse knapweed) flower head (full flower). Photo: Zoya Akulova","Centaurea diffusa (diffuse knapweed) flower heads. Photo: © 2001 Fred Hrusa, CDFA","Centaurea diffusa (diffuse knapweed) rosette. Photo: © 2001 Fred Hrusa, CDFA","Centaurea diffusa (diffuse knapweed) growth habit. Photo: © 2001 Fred Hrusa, CDFA" Centaurea diffusa (diffuse knapweed) is usually a biennial plant (family Asteraceae) that forms dense infestations. Seeds disperse when stems break off and tumble in the wind. Diffuse knapweed is not very common in California, but is one of the most invasive species in many other western states.
70848https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/centaurea-diluta-profile/Centaurea diluta North African knapweed Watch1848 1848 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Centauria-diluta_C031-31.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Centaurea-diluta_flower-head_RonVanderhoff.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Centaurea-diluta_infestation_RonVanderhoff.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Centaurea-diluta_leaves-and-stem_RonVanderhoff.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Centaurea-diluta_phyllaries-on-flower-head_RonVanderhoff.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Centaurea-diluta_seed_RonVanderhoff.jpeg" "Photo: UC Davis Weeds of California","Centaurea diluta (North African knapweed) flower head. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Centaurea diluta (North African knapweed) infestation. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Centaurea diluta (North African knapweed) leaves and stem. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Centaurea diluta (North African knapweed) phyllaries on flower head. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Centaurea diluta (North African knapweed) seed. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Centaurea diluta (North African knapweed) is an annual herb/ (family Asteraceae) with pink-purple flowers and lobed leaves found in the San Francisco Bay area and south coast ranges of California. It is native to southwestern Europe. It favors grasslands. Its hairy seeds are dispersed via wind. It was said to have been introduced to Great Britain as a contaminant in bird seed.
71089https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/centaurea-jacea-ssp-pratensis-profile/Centaurea jacea ssp. pratensisCentaurea debeauxii Gren. & Godr., Centaurea x pratensis; Centaurea jacea L. x Centaurea nigra L. meadow knapweed Moderate-*13132 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Centaurea-debeauxii-ssp.-thuillierii_meadow-knapweed_Joseph-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Centaurea-jacea_flower-heads_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Centaurea-jacea-ssp.-pratensis_growth-habit_JeanPawek.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Centaurea jacea ssp. pratensis (meadow knapweed) flower heads. Photo: Keir Morse","Centaurea jacea ssp. pratensis (meadow knapweed) growth habit. Photo: Jean Pawek" Centaurea jacea ssp. pratensis (=Centaurea debeauxii or C. jacea x C. nigra or C. x pratensis) (meadow knapweed) is a bushy perennial (family Asteraceae) found in a small number of disturbed areas in Siskiyou, Del Norte, and Humboldt Counties in northwestern California. Meadow knapweed reproduces by seed and via shoots from the parent plant, and is known to resprout from root fragments after cultivation. The seeds can also be spread by irrigation systems and vehicles. Meadow knapweed spreads very rapidly and is listed as a noxious weed in several western states as well as California.
67080https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/centaurea-melitensis-profile/Centaurea melitensis tocalote; Malta starthistle Moderate-*1851 13 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Centaurea-melitensis_malta-starthistle_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Centaurea-melitensis_flower-heads_copyright_2010_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Centaurea-melitensis_rosette_copyright_2016_NealKramer.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Centaurea-melitensis_seedlings_copyright_2013_NealKramer.jpg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Centaurea melitensis (tocalote) flower heads. Photo: © 2010 Neal Kramer","Centaurea melitensis (tocalote) rosette. Photo: © 2016 Neal Kramer","Centaurea melitensis (tocalote) seedlings. Photo: © 2013 Neal Kramer" Centaurea melitensis (Malta starthistle, tocalote) is a bushy annual (family Asteraceae) found throughout most of California and in many other western states. Malta starthistle prefers disturbed and open areas, including grasslands, open woodlands, agricultural fields and roadsides. It is most invasive in California’s central western and southwestern regions. While Malta starthistle is less invasive than yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis), it still spreads quickly by producing great quantities of seed if given the proper conditions. Insects such as the false peacock fly (Chaetorellia succinea) and hairy weevil (Eustenopus villosus) have been used as biological controls with some success.
67082https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/centaurea-solstitialis-profile/Centaurea solstitialis yellow starthistle High-*1853 14 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Centaurea-solstitialis_yellow-starthistle_flowerhead_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Centaurea-solstitialis_yellow-starthistle_-Bob-Case_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Centaurea-solstitialis_flower-head-development-stages_RonVanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Centaurea-solstitialis_infestation_copyright_2008_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Centaurea-solstitialis_leaves-stems-flower-heads_copyright_2014_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Bob Case","Centaurea solstitialis (yellow starthistle) seedlings. Photo: Bob Case","Centaurea solstitialis (yellow starthistle) flower head development stages. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Centaurea solstitialis (yellow starthistle) infestation. Photo: © 2008 Neal Kramer","Centaurea solstitialis (yellow starthistle) leaves, stems, flower heads. Photo: © 2014 Neal Kramer" Centaurea solstitialis (yellow starthistle) is a bushy winter annual (family Asteraceae) from the Mediterranean region in Europe that has invaded over 12 million acres in California. Yellow starthistle inhabits open hills, grasslands, open woodlands, fields, roadsides, and rangelands, and it is considered one of the most serious rangeland weeds in the state. It propagates rapidly by seed, and a large plant can produce nearly 75,000 seeds. Plants are gray-green in color and produce yellow flower heads armed with stiff, long spines in late June and July. Several insects from the Mediterranean region, including weevils and flies, have been employed as biocontrol agents for yellow starthistle with minor success.
67078https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/centaurea-stoebe-profile/Centaurea stoebe ssp. micranthosCentaurea maculosa; Centaurea biebersteinii, Centaurea stoebe ssp. stoebe and ssp. maculosa; Centaurea stoebe subsp. australis spotted knapweed High-*9791 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Centaurea-stoebe-ssp.-micranthos_-spotted-knapweed_Bob-Case_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Centaurea-stoebe_flower-head_copyright_2007_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Centaurea-stoebe-micranthos_growth-habit_copyright2001_GHMillerCDFA.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Centaurea-stoebe-micranthos_leaves-cauline-and-stem_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Centaurea-stoebe-micranthos_rosette_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Centaurea-stoebe-micranthos_seed_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg" "Photo: Bob Case","Centaurea stoebe ssp. micranthos (spotted knapweed) flower head. Photo: © 2007 Neal Kramer","Centaurea stoebe ssp. micranthos (spotted knapweed) growth habit. Photo: © 2001 GH Miller, CDFA","Centaurea stoebe ssp. micranthos (spotted knapweed) leaves (cauline) and stem. Photo: Keir Morse","Centaurea stoebe ssp. micranthos (spotted knapweed) rosette. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Centaurea stoebe ssp. micranthos (spotted knapweed) seed. Photo: Zoya Akulova" Centaurea stoebe subsp. micranthos (spotted knapweed) is a biennial to short-lived perennial (family Asteraceae). It can be found in disturbed open sites, grasslands, overgrazed rangelands, roadsides and logged areas. It crowds out native species and forage for livestock, and can invade undisturbed native bunchgrass stands. An individual plant may produce as many as 40,000 seeds. Jepson Manual, 2nd Edition: Centaurea stoebe subsp. micranthos
67084https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/centaurea-virgata-var-squarrosa-profile/Centaurea virgata var. squarrosaCentaurea squarrosa Willd. is an illegally applied name according to the rules of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Saint Louis Code) since the name Centaurea squarrosa Roth was previously applied to a different species. Centaurea virgata Lam. var. squarrosa (Willd.) Boiss. is a synonym of Centaurea squarrosa Willd. Some taxonomists are using the name C. triumfetti All. for diffuse knapweed. Some flora use C. virgata Lam. ssp. squarrosa (Willd.) Gugler, but the taxon was given variety ranking first. squarrose knapweed Moderate-*11498 62 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Centaurea-virgata-var.-squarrosa_squarrose-knapweed_JM-DiTomaso_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Centaurea-virgata-ssp.-squarrosa_flower-heads_ZoyaAkulova.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Centaurea-virgata-ssp.-squarrosa_rosette_ZoyaAkulova.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Centaurea-virgata-ssp.-squarrosa_seeds_copyright_DeanKelchCDFA.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Centaurea-virgata-ssp.-squarrosa_growth-habit_copyright_DeanKelchCDFA.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Centaurea virgata ssp. squarrosa (squarrose knapweed) flower heads. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Centaurea virgata ssp. squarrosa (squarrose knapweed) rosette. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Centaurea virgata ssp. squarrosa (squarrose knapweed) seeds. Photo: © Dean Kelch, CDFA","Centaurea virgata ssp. squarrosa (squarrose knapweed) growth habit. Photo: © Dean Kelch, CDFA" Centaurea virgata var. squarrosa (squarrose knapweed) is a perennial (family Asteraceae) found in the Klamath and Cascade Ranges, Modoc Plateau and northern Sierra Nevada Mountains of California. Squarrose knapweed favors disturbed open sites, including degraded rangeland, logged areas, grasslands and roadsides. Squarrose knapweed seed dispersal is enhanced by soil and water movement, and by clinging to humans and animals. Seed dispersal and reproduction can be limited by mowing or mechanical removal of plants before seed-set. Squarrose knapweed is a listed noxious weed in several western states.
70849https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/cestrum-parqui-profile/Cestrum parqui willow jessamine Watch8746 215 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cestrum-parqui_willow-jessamine_Mike-Perlmutter_cropped.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cestrum-parqui_flowers-and-leaves_EricWrubel.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cestrum-parqui__fruits_EricWrubel.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cestrum-parqui_fruits_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg" "Photo: Mike Perlmutter","Cestrum parqui (willow jessamine) flowers and leaves. Photo: Eric Wrubel","Cestrum parqui (willow jessamine) fruits. Photo: Eric Wrubel","Cestrum parqui (willow jessamine) fruits. Photo: Zoya Akulova" Cestrum parqui (willow jessamine) is a tree (family Solanaceae) with yellow flowers and narrow leaves found in the San Francisco Bay area and south coast ranges of California. It is native to South America. It favors grasslands. It spreads via seeds and root suckers. Seeds are dispersed by birds, water and dumped garden waste.
70851https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/chasmanthe-floribunda-profile/Chasmanthe floribunda African cornflag Watch1951 1951 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Chasmanthe-floribunda_Tony-Morosco.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Chasmanthe-floribunda_flowers-can-also-be-yellow_copyright_2009_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Tony Morosco","Chasmanthe floribunda (African cornflag) flowers (can also be yellow). Photo: © 2009 Neal Kramer" Chasmanthe floribunda (African cornflag) is a perennial herb (family Iridaceae) with red flowers and long narrow leaves found in the coastal ranges, San Francisco Bay area and southwestern ranges of California. It is native to southern Africa. It favors dunes, scrub and chaparral habitats. It reproduces by corms which multiply rapidly. Seeds are dispersed by birds and water.
67086https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/chondrilla-juncea-profile/Chondrilla juncea skeleton weed; devil's grass; hogbite; gum succory; naked weed Moderate-*2010 15 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Chondrilla-juncea_rush-skeletonweed_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Chondrilla-juncea_flower-heads_copyright_2015_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Chondrilla-juncea_leaves-and-stem_copyright_2015_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Chondrilla-juncea_stem-base_copyright-2015_NealKramer_0000-0000-0215-0685.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Chondrilla juncea (skeleton weed) flower heads. Photo: © 2015 Neal Kramer","Chondrilla juncea (skeleton weed) leaves and stem. Photo: © 2015 Neal Kramer","Chondrilla juncea (skeleton weed) stem base. Photo: © 2015 Neal Kramer" Chondrilla juncea (rush skeletonweed) is a perennial or biennial forb (family Asteraceae) and can be found scattered throughout California but is considered an uncommon weed. It can grow in disturbed soils of roadsides, croplands, especially irrigated grain fields, semi-arid pastures, rangelands, and residential properties. Plants are highly competitive for water and nutrients.
70541https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/chrysanthemoides-monilifera-ssp-monilifera-profile/Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. moniliferaOsteospermum moniliferum boneseed; Higgin's curse; jungle flower; ModerateA11504 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Chrysanthemoides-monilifera-ssp.-monilifera-by-Ron-Vanderhoff.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Chrysanthemoides-monilifera-ssp.-monilifera_flower-heads_RonVanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Chrysanthemoides-monilifera-ssp.-monilifera_growth-habit_RonVanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Chrysanthemoides-monilifera-ssp.-monilifera_leaves-and-stem_RonVanderhoff.jpeg" "Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. monilifera (boneseed) flower heads. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. monilifera (boneseed) growth habit. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. monilifera (boneseed) leaves and stem. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. monilifera (boneseed) is a shrub (family Asteraceae) with yellow flowers and oval-shaped leaves found in the south coast ranges of California. It is native to southern Africa. It favors grasslands and scrub and chaparral habitat. It spreads by seeds which travel via water, machinery, birds and other animals.
67090https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/cirsium-arvense-profile/Cirsium arvense Canada thistle Moderate-*2118 16 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cirsium-arvense_-Canada-thistle_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cirsium-arvense_flower-heads_copyright_2009_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cirsium-arvense_infestation_copyright_2015_NealKramer.jpg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Cirsium arvense (Canada thistle) flower heads. Photo: © 2009 Neal Kramer","Cirsium arvense (Canada thistle) infestation. Photo: © 2015 Neal Kramer" Cirsium arvense (Canada thistle) is a perennial (family Asteraceae) found scattered throughout California, except in the Sonoran and Mojave Deserts and the southern Sierra Nevada. Canada thistle forms dense patches which may crowd out native vegetation. This clump-forming plant reproduces by seed and vegetatively from its extensive root system. Control is difficult because root fragments as small as 1 cm can sprout to form a new plant, and seeds are dispersed by small animals, wind and human activities. Occasional cultivation may increase Canada thistle populations by dispersing root fragments, but control can be achieved with continued cultivation, mowing or hand-cutting.
67092https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/cirsium-vulgare-profile/Cirsium vulgareCarduus lanceolatus, Cirsium lanceolatum bull thistle Moderate-*2151 17 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cirsium-vulgare_bull-thistle_flowering-stem_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cirsium-vulgare_flower-head_copyright_2008_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cirsium-vulgare_leaf_copyright2001_CDFA.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cirsium-vulgare_leaves-and-stem_Keir-Morse-1.jpeg","","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cirsium-vulgare_seed_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Cirsium vulgare (bull thistle) flower head. Photo: © 2008 Neal Kramer","Cirsium vulgare (bull thistle) leaf. Photo: © 2001 CDFA","Cirsium vulgare (bull thistle) leaves and stem. Photo: Keir Morse","Cirsium vulgare (bull thistle) rosette. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Cirsium vulgare (bull thistle) seed. Photo: Zoya Akulova" Cirsium vulgare (bull thistle) is a perennial or biennial forb (family Asteraceae) Bull thistle is widespread in California and is most common in coastal grasslands, along edges of fresh and brackish marshes, and in meadows and mesic forest openings in the mountains below 7,000 feet (2,120 m). It is most troublesome in recently or repeatedly disturbed areas such as pastures, overgrazed rangelands, recently burned forests and forest clearcuts, and along roads, ditches, and fences. Besides out-competing native plant species for water, nutrients, and space, the presence of bull thistle in hay decreases feeding value and lowers market price.
70545https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/clematis-vitalba-profile/Clematis vitalbaAnemone vitalba old man's beard; traveler's joy ModerateA8710 8710 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Clematis-vitalba_Dr.-Amadej-Trnkoczy.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Clematis-vitalba_flowers_copyright_2018_NealKramer.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Clematis-vitalba_infestation_copyright_2018_NealKramer.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Clematis-vitalba_leaves-and-stem_copyright_2018_NealKramer.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Clematis-vitalba_seeds_copyright_2015_NealKramer.jpg" "Photo: Dr. Amadej Trnkoczy","Clematis vitalba (old man's beard) flowers. Photo: © 2018 Neal Kramer","Clematis vitalba (old man's beard) infestation. Photo: © 2018 Neal Kramer","Clematis vitalba (old man's beard) leaves and stem. Photo: © 2018 Neal Kramer","Clematis vitalba (old man's beard) seeds. Photo: © 2015 Neal Kramer" Clematis vitalba (old man\'s beard) is a vine (family Ranunculaceae) with white flowers and oval-shaped leaves found in the central coast ranges of California. It is native to the United Kingdom. It favors forests and woodlands. It spreads via seeds and roots. Means of dispersal include water, wind, humans and animals.
70546https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/colocasia-esculenta-profile/Colocasia esculentaArum esculentum; Caladium esculentum; Colocasia antiquorum taro root; wild taro; coco-yam; eddo; elephant-ear-plant Moderate13042 13042 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Colocasia-esculenta_Moorea-Biocode.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Colocasia-esculenta_leaf_RonVanderhoff.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Colocasia-esculenta_growth-habit-and-flower_copyright2004_JulesStraussCalifornia-Academy-of-Sciences.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Colocasia-esculenta_leaf-venation_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg" "Photo: Moorea Biocode","Colocasia esculenta (taro root) leaf. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Colocasia esculenta (taro root) growth habit and flower. Photo: © 2004 Jules Strauss, California Academy of Sciences","Colocasia esculenta (taro root) leaf venation. Photo: Zoya Akulova" Colocasia esculenta (taro root) is a perennial herb (family Araceae) with yellow-orange flowers and large heart-shaped leaves found in the Central Valley of California. It is native to eastern Asia. It favors grasslands, wetlands, and bog and marsh habitat. It spreads via seeds and vegetative corms and is sometimes cultivated as a crop. Seeds are dispersed by water and agricultural activities.
67094https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/conicosia-pugioniformis-profile/Conicosia pugioniformisMesembryanthemum elongatum narrowleaf iceplant; false iceplant; conicosia Limited2315 64 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Conicosia-pugioniformis_roundleaf-iceplant_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Conicosia-pugioniformis_flower-head-bud-and-fruit_JuttaBurger-scaled.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Conicosia-pugioniformis_growth-habit_copyright_2011_NealKramer.jpg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Conicosia pugioniformis (narrowleaf iceplant) flower head, bud, and fruit. Photo: Jutta Burger","Conicosia pugioniformis (narrowleaf iceplant) growth habit. Photo: © 2011 Neal Kramer" Conicosia pugioniformis (narrowleaf iceplant) is a succulent perennial (family Aizoaceae) found on dunes, beaches, scrub and grassland along the central coast of California, especially in Santa Barbara and San Luis Obispo counties. Narrowleaf iceplant does not form mats like other invasive iceplants (i.e., Carpobrotus edulis or C. chilensis) so its impacts are less severe. However, it can become locally abundant and crowd out native plants, especially in dune habitats. Narrowleaf iceplant reproduces by seed, and buried root crowns can resprout after aboveground plant matter has been removed.
67096https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/conium-maculatum-profile/Conium maculatum poison-hemlock Moderate2317 18 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Conium-maculatum_poison-hemlock_plantb_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Conium-maculatum_poison-hemlock_Jutta-Burger_cropped-scaled.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Conium-maculatum_inflorescence_copyright_2009_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Conium-maculatum_leaves_copyright_2014_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Conium-maculatum_stem-and-leaf-base_copyright_2009_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Conium-maculatum_poison-hemlock_infestation_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Conium-maculatum_poison-hemlock_seedling_JM-DiTomaso.jpg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Conium maculatum (poison-hemlock) young stem and root. Photo: Jutta Burger","Conium maculatum (poison-hemlock) inflorescence. Photo: © 2009 Neal Kramer","Conium maculatum (poison-hemlock) leaves. Photo: © 2014 Neal Kramer","Conium maculatum (poison-hemlock) stem and leaf base. Photo: © 2009 Neal Kramer","Conium maculatum (poison-hemlock) infestation. Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Conium maculatum (poison-hemlock) seedling. Photo: Joseph DiTomaso" Conium maculatum (poison-hemlock) is a biennial forb (family Apiaceae). Poison-hemlock has spread throughout California in areas below 5,000 feet (1,500 m) elevation, excluding the Great Basin and Desert provinces and is commonly found in dense patches along roadsides and fields. It also thrives in meadows and pastures and is occasionally found in riparian forests and flood plains, but prefers disturbed areas. All parts of poison-hemlock are toxic to humans and animals when ingested; handling plants can cause contact dermatitis in some people. Poison-hemlock can spread quickly after the rainy season in areas that have been cleared or disturbed. Once established, it is highly competitive and prevents establishment of native plants by over-shading.
67099https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/cortaderia-jubata-profile/Cortaderia jubataCortaderia atacamensis jubatagrass; pink pampasgrass High-*2394 19 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cortaderia-jubata_jubata-grass_-JM-Di-Tomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cortaderia-jubata_growth-habit_copyright_2008_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cortaderia-jubata_infestation_copyright_2008_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cortaderia-jubata_inflorescence_copyright_2011_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cortaderia-jubata_jubata-grass_collar-sheath_-JM-Di-Tomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cortaderia-jubata_jubata-grass_seedling_-JM-Di-Tomaso.jpg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Cortaderia jubata (jubatagrass) growth habit. Photo: © 2008 Neal Kramer","Cortaderia jubata (jubatagrass) infestation. Photo: © 2008 Neal Kramer","Cortaderia jubata (jubatagrass) inflorescence. Photo: © 2011 Neal Kramer","Cortaderia jubata (jubatagrass) collar sheath. Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Cortaderia jubata (jubatagrass) seedling. Photo: Joseph DiTomaso" Cortaderia jubata (jubatagrass) is a large perennial grass (family Poaceae) found along the coast of California and in the Coast Ranges. Jubatagrass favors dunes, bluffs, and disturbed areas, including inland areas where temperatures are moderated by fog. It was introduced as an ornamental plant and for erosion control. Each plume produces up to 100,000 seeds that are widely dispersed by wind and develop without fertilization. Jubatagrass quickly colonizes bare ground, but establishment is generally poor where the seedlings must compete with other grasses or sedges.
67101https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/cortaderia-selloana-profile/Cortaderia selloana pampasgrass; white pampasgrass High2395 20 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cortaderia-selloana-Pampasgrass.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cortaderia-selloana_female-L-and-male-R-inflorescence_JM-Di-Tomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cortaderia-selloana_growth-habit-female_-JM-Di-Tomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cortaderia-selloana_pampas-grass_collar-sheath_-JM-Di-Tomaso.jpg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Cortaderia selloana (pampasgrass) female (L) and male (R) inflorescence. Photo: JM Di Tomaso","Cortaderia selloana (pampasgrass) growth habit (female). Photo: JM Di Tomaso","Cortaderia selloana (pampasgrass) collar sheath. Photo: JM Di Tomaso" Cortaderia selloana (pampasgrass) is a large perennial grass (family Poaceae) found along the coast of California, and in the Coast Ranges, Central Valley, Western Transverse Ranges, and Mojave Desert. Pampasgrass favors dunes, bluffs, coastal shrublands and marshes, inland riparian areas, and disturbed areas. It was introduced as an ornamental plant and for erosion control. Each plume produces up to 100,000 seeds that are widely dispersed by wind and develop without fertilization. Pampasgrass quickly colonizes bare ground, but establishment is generally poor where the seedlings must compete with other grasses or sedges.
67103https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/cotoneaster-franchetii-profile/Cotoneaster franchetii orange Cotoneaster; Cotoneaster; Francheti Cotoneaster Moderate2401 163 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cotoneaster-franchetii_orange-cotoneaster_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cotoneaster-franchetii_leaves-and-flowers-close-up_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cotoneaster-franchetii_leaves-stem-and-flowers_JoeDiTomaso.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cotoneaster-franchetii_fruit-leaves-and-stem_copyright2006_PeterZika.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Cotoneaster franchetii (orange Cotoneaster) leaves and flowers (close-up). Photo: Zoya Akulova","Cotoneaster franchetii (orange Cotoneaster) leaves, stem, and flowers. Photo: Joe DiTomaso","Cotoneaster franchetii (orange Cotoneaster) fruit, leaves, and stem. Photo: © 2006 Peter Zika" Cotoneaster franchetii (orange Cotoneaster) is an evergreen shrub (family Rosaceae) found in the northwest and central west regions of California. Orange Cotoneaster, which has pink flowers and orange fruits, was introduced from China in 1854 as an ornamental plant, and has escaped cultivation. It is found in disturbed places, especially near residential sites, as well as in undisturbed scrub, grassland and forests. Each plant can produce thousands of fruits every year, which are distributed by birds, small mammals, water movement and human activities. Mechanical removal of the shrubs can provide good control, but follow-up is needed, as the plants may resprout from the roots.
67105https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/cotoneaster-lacteus-profile/Cotoneaster lacteusCotoneaster parneyi milkflower Cotoneaster; Parney's Cotoneaster Moderate8714 164 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cotoneaster_lacteus_milkflower-cotoneaster_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cotoneaster-lacteus_flowering_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cotoneaster-lacteus_infestation_copyright_2009_NealKramer.jpg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Cotoneaster lacteus (milkflower Cotoneaster) flowering. Photo: JM DiTomaso","Cotoneaster lacteus (milkflower Cotoneaster) infestation. Photo: © 2009 Neal Kramer" Cotoneaster lacteus (Parney’s Cotoneaster) is an evergreen shrub (family Rosaceae) found along the central and north coast of California. Parney’s Cotoneaster, which has white flowers and red fruits, was introduced from China as an ornamental plant, and has escaped cultivation. It is found in disturbed places, especially near residential sites, as well as undisturbed coastal scrub, grassland and forests. Each plant can produce thousands of fruits every year, which are distributed by birds, small mammals, water movement and human activities. Mechanical removal of the shrubs can provide good control, but follow-up is needed, as the plants may resprout from the roots.
67107https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/cotoneaster-pannosus-profile/Cotoneaster pannosusC. pannosus Franch. silverleaf Cotoneaster; velvet Cotoneaster Moderate2402 165 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cotoneaster_pannosus_silverleaf-cotoneaster_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cotoneaster_pannosus_fruiting_JM-DiTomaso.jpg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Cotoneaster pannosus (silverleaf Cotoneaster) fruiting. Photo: JM DiTomaso" Cotoneaster pannosus (silverleaf Cotoneaster) is an evergreen shrub (family Rosaceae) found along the central and north coast of California, as well as in the northern South Coast Ranges and the Transverse Ranges. Silverleaf Cotoneaster has small, leathery, ovate leaves with hairy white undersides, white flowers arranged in clusters, and red fruits. It was introduced from China as an ornamental plant, and has escaped cultivation. It is found in disturbed places, especially near residential sites, as well as undisturbed coastal scrub, grassland and forests. Each plant can produce thousands of fruits every year, which are distributed by birds, small mammals, water movement and human activities. Mechanical removal of the shrubs can provide good control, but follow-up is needed, as the plants may resprout from the roots.
67109https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/cotula-coronopifolia-profile/Cotula coronopifoliaLancisia coronopifolia common brassbuttons Limited2404 166 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cotula-coronopifolia_brass-buttons_-Jutta-Burger_cropped-scaled.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cotula-coronopifolia_common-brassbuttons_JuttaBurger_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cotula-coronopifolia_flower_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cotula-coronopifolia_stem-flower_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cotula-coronopifolia_growth-habit_copyright_2011_NealKramer.jpg" "Photo: Jutta Burger","Cotula coronopifolia (common brassbuttons) flower heads. Photo: Jutta Burger","Cotula coronopifolia (common brassbuttons) flower. Photo: JM DiTomaso","Cotula coronopifolia (common brassbuttons) stem flower. Photo: JM DiTomaso","Cotula coronopifolia (common brassbuttons) growth habit. Photo: © 2011 Neal Kramer "

Cotula coronopifolia (brassbuttons) is a perennial herb (family Asteraceae) found along the coast of California, in the Central Valley and the South Coast Ranges. Brassbuttons prefers moist habitat, including salt and freshwater marshes, wetlands, and vernal pools. It most commonly invades disturbed sites, but can spread into undisturbed sites as well. This South African native has flat yellow flower heads that produce small seeds, which are distributed by moving water and birds. Its stems grow roots at the nodes, allowing the plant to reproduce vegetatively. Although brassbuttons is known to be invasive, its spread appears to be relatively slow.

67111https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/crataegus-monogyna-profile/Crataegus monogynaCrataegus apiifolia, C. curvisepala, C. dissecta, C. oxyancanthana, C. oxyacantha var. monogyna, C. oxyacantha v. paulii, Mespilus monogyna, Oxyacantha apiifolia, others. English hawthorn; common hawthorn; oneseed hawthorn; May tree; singleseed hawthorn; azzarola; neapolitan medlar; oneseed hawthorn; whitethorn; Limited8429 167 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Crataegus-monogyna_English-hawthorn_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Crataegus-monogyna_flowers_JM-DiTomaso.jpg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Crataegus monogyna (English hawthorn) flowers. Photo: JM DiTomaso"

Crataegus monogyna (English hawthorn) is a deciduous shrub or small tree (family Rosaceae) found in California along the north and central coast and in the North Coast Ranges. English hawthorn was introduced to California as a landscape ornamental. It has escaped cultivation, growing in moist soil in riparian areas, woodlands and grasslands. At about 10 years of age, the trees begin to produce bright red fruits that are consumed by birds and other animals, who distribute its seeds. The seeds may also be dispersed by human activity or soil and water movement. Effective control may be achieved by manually removing seedlings, cutting down the trees and either removing their roots or painting the trunk with herbicide.

67113https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/crocosmia-x-crocosmiiflora-profile/Crocosmia x crocosmiifloraderived from C. pottsii X C. aurea; Tritonia X crocosmiiflora montbretia Limited2431 168 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Crocosmia_x_crocosmiflora-by-Ken-Pei.jpg" "Photo by Ken Pei" Crocosmia x crocosmiiflora (crocosmia or montbretia) is a perennial (family Iridaceae) found along the coast of California and in the San Francsico Bay region. Crocosmia is a commonly cultivated ornamental plant, and is most commonly found near urban areas. It prefers disturbed areas, including roadsides, coastal scrub, prairie and forests. Crocosmia is a superior competitor for water, light and nutrients, and it excludes native plants by growing in dense patches. It reproduces using seeds and underground corms. Upon introduction to a new area, crocosmia spreads slowly at first, then more rapidly as the species becomes established.
67115https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/crupina-vulgaris-profile/Crupina vulgaris common Crupina LimitedA*2437 169 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Crupina-vulgaris_Common-crupina_flowering-stem_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Crupina-vulgaris_common-crupina_BobCase_cropped.jpg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Crupina vulgaris (common Crupina) seeds and buds. Photo: Bob Case" Crupina vulgaris (common Crupina, bearded creeper) is a winter annual forb (family Asteraceae) located in Sonoma and Modoc counties where they are found on grassy sites, rangelands, forested areas, and roadsides. Crupina vulgaris reduces forage for grazing animals. It is a bigger problem in other western states and its current distribution in California has been kept in check.
128363https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/cuscuta-japonica-profile/Cuscuta japonicaCuscuta reflexa var. densiflora, Monogynella japonica Japanese dodder Watch-*9272 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Cuscuta-japonica-on-Schinus-molle-by-Joanne-Greer.jpg","" "Photo: Joanne Greer","" Cuscuta japonica, or Japanese dodder (family Convolvulaceae), is an annual (occasionally perennializing in warm climates), holoparasitic (requires host plant to survive) vine native to East Asia. It can be differentiated from native dodders by its floral features. Due to its parasitic nature, this plant has the ability to weaken or kill a wide range of host plant species through the leeching of nutrients, increasing host susceptibility to pathogens, and smothering under thick mats of the dodder\'s fast-growing, twining, spaghetti-like stems. Dodders, including Japanese dodder, are of economic concern due to their ability to affect the health and quality of the multitude of crops, ornamental plants, and native species they infest. Japanese dodder has been introduced outside its native range into various parts of the US, including California, Texas, and South Carolina, although the population in South Carolina has been eradicated. It is also becoming a major pest of both agricultural and natural systems in Kenya. Japanese dodder can produce abundant seeds, but seed production has not yet been documented in California. Instead,  it appears to be propagating itself mostly vegetatively from small pieces of stems. It may have been introduced into California intentionally for its value as an herbal medicine.
67119https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/cynara-cardunculus-profile/Cynara cardunculus artichoke thistle; cardoon; wild artichoke Moderate-*2568 65 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cynara-cardunculus_artichoke-starthistle_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cynara-cardunculus_growth-habit_copyright-2007_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cynara-cardunculus_stem-and-leaf-base_copyright-2008_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Cynara cardunculus (artichoke thistle) growth habit. Photo: © 2007 Neal Kramer","Cynara cardunculus (artichoke thistle) stem and leaf base. Photo: © 2008 Neal Kramer" Cynara cardunculus (artichoke thistle) is a large perennial thistle (family Asteraceae) from the Mediterranean region found below 500 m elevations throughout California, except in the Great Basin and Desert Regions. Artichoke thistle prefers disturbed open sites, including grassland, chaparral, coastal scrub, and riparian areas. This thistle is closely related to cultivated artichokes (Cynara scolymus), and the two species hybridize frequently. Artichoke thistle is also sometimes grown as an ornamental plant, and is available commercially. It reproduces by seed and sometimes by resprouting from root fragments. Rosettes can reach a diameter of well over one meter; leaves are large, spiny, and sharply lobed, and plants typically flower in May and June.  When attempting control by mechanical removal, most of the plant’s large taproot must be removed to avoid resprouting.
67121https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/cynodon-dactylon-profile/Cynodon dactylon Bermuda grass; couch grass; devil grass; wire grass; vine grass; bermudagrass Moderate2570 114 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cynodon-dactylon_Bermudagrass_-JM-Di-Tomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cynodon-dactylon_leaf-blades-and-sheaths_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cynodon-dactylon_inflorescence_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cynodon-dactylon_growth-habit_KeirMorse.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) leaf blades and sheaths. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) inflorescence. Photo: Keir Morse","Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) growth habit. Photo: Keir Morse" Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) is a low-statured, creeping, warm season perennial grass (family Poaceae) that is commonly planted in garden lawns and as turf. It is native to East Africa but has become a cosmopolitan weed in warmer regions around the world, where it tolerates a broad range of soil types and moister levels. Bermuda grass is distinguished by having slightly flattened stems, hairs that jut out at the leaf blade and sheath junctures, grey-green foliage, and an inflorescence comprised of a cluster of 2-6 spikes arranged radially from a single point. Plants reproduce both via rhizomes and seeds. Bermuda grass is fast growing and can out-compete native species, particularly in riparian areas.
67123https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/cynoglossum-officinale-profile/Cynoglossum officinale common houndstongue; beggar's-lice; dog bur; dog's tongue; glovewort; gypsyflower; sheelice; sticktight; woolmat Moderate2575 21 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cynoglossum-officinale_houndstongue_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cynoglossum-officinale_flowers_AmadejTrnkoczy.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cynoglossum-officinale_fruits_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cynoglossum-officinale_leaf-underside_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cynoglossum-officinale_young-plant_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Cynoglossum officinale (common houndstongue) flowers. Photo: Amadej Trnkoczy","Cynoglossum officinale (common houndstongue) fruits. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Cynoglossum officinale (common houndstongue) leaf (underside). Photo: Zoya Akulova","Cynoglossum officinale (common houndstongue) young plant. Photo: Zoya Akulova"

Cynoglossum officinale (houndstongue) is a biennial forb (family Boraginaceae) whose foliage can be toxic to horses and other livestock when it contaminates hay. In California, it is found in the Cascade Ranges. The seeds have hooked projections that facilitate long distance dispersal by animals and humans.

67125https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/cynosurus-echinatus-profile/Cynosurus echinatus hedgehog dogtail; annual dogtail; bristly dogtail grass; hedgehoggy Moderate2577 115 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cynosurus-echinatus_hedgehog-dogtail-grass_-JM-Di-Tomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cynosurus-echinatus_inflorescence_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cynosurus-echinatus_leaf-sheath-and-ligule_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cynosurus-echinatus_nodes_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cynosurus-echinatus_seeds_JeanPawek.jpeg" "Photo courtesy Joseph DiTomaso","Cynosurus echinatus (hedgehog dogtail) inflorescence. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Cynosurus echinatus (hedgehog dogtail) leaf sheath and ligule. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Cynosurus echinatus (hedgehog dogtail) nodes. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Cynosurus echinatus (hedgehog dogtail) seeds. Photo: Jean Pawek" Cynosurus echinatus (hedgehog dogtail grass) is an annual or short-lived perennial grass (family Poaceae) that is native to southern Europe and has been introduced and established to the Americas and Australia. It flowers in summer and can be found at lower elevations along trails and disturbed areas in both open and wooded areas. This species can be distinguished by having awns and flowers that all point in one direction on the inflorescence, giving it a bristly look. Cynosurus echinatus can produce monocultures, reduce forage desirability, and increase fire hazard by leaving persistent thatch.
70852https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/cytisus-multiflorus-profile/Cytisus multiflorus white Spanish broom Watch2600 2600 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cytisus-multiflorus_white-Spanish-broom_Xemenendura-Wikimedia_cropped-scaled.jpeg" "Photo: Xemenendura " Cytisus multiflorus (white Spanish broom) is a shrub (family Fabaceae) with white flowers and tiny narrow leaves found in the Sierra Nevada and coastal ranges of California. It is native to Spain and Portugal. It favors woodlands and grasslands. It spreads via seeds which are explosively released from the parent plant. Seeds can be dispersed through dumped garden waste.
70850https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/cytisus-proliferus-profile/Cytisus proliferus tagasaste Watch11587 11587 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cytisus-proliferus_Justin-M.-Wood.jpeg" "Photo by Justin M. Wood" Cytisus proliferus (tagasaste) is a shrub (family Fabaceae) with white flowers and oval-shaped leaves found in the San Francisco Bay area and south coast ranges of California. It is native to the Canary Islands. It occurs in dunes and grasslands. Its seeds spread via ants, birds, slashing, dumped garden waste and machinery. It also resprouts after fire.
67127https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/cytisus-scoparius-profile/Cytisus scopariusSarathamnus scoparius, Spartium scoparius Scotch broom; English broom; common broom High-*2601 22 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cytisus-scoparius_scotch-broom_flowers_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cytisus-scoparius_flowers_copyright-2013_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cytisus-scoparius_seed-pods_copyright-2013_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cytisus-scoparius_stem-and-leaves_copyright-2008_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cytisus-scoparius_infestation_copyright2008_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Cytisus scoparius (Scotch broom) flowers. Photo: © 2013 Neal Kramer","Cytisus scoparius (Scotch broom) seed pods. Photo: © 2013 Neal Kramer","Cytisus scoparius (Scotch broom) stem and leaves. Photo: © 2008 Neal Kramer","Cytisus scoparius (Scotch broom) infestation. Photo: © 2008 Neal Kramer" Cytisus scoparius (Scotch broom) is a perennial shrub (family Fabaceae), which grows in sunny sites with dry sandy soil, and spreads rapidly through pastures, borders of forests,  and roadsides. Cytisus scoparius can be found from the coast to the Sierra foothills. This weed crowds out native species, has a seedbank that can remain dormant for up to 80 years, diminishes habitat for grazing animals, and increases risk for wildland fires.
67129https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/cytisus-striatus-profile/Cytisus striatusCytisus patens L., Cytisus pendulinus, Cytisus welwitschii, Genista striata, Sarthamnus eriocarpus, Sarothamnus patens sensu Webb Portuguese broom; hairy-fruited broom ModerateB2602 23 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cytisus-striatus_Portuguese-broom_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cytisus-striatus_seed-pods-and-stem_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cytisus-striatus_seeds_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cytisus-striatus_stems_EricWrubel.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cytisus-striatus_growth-habit_EricWrubel.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Cytisus-striatus_flowers_VernonSmith.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Cytisus striatus (Portuguese broom) seed pods and stem. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Cytisus striatus (Portuguese broom) seeds. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Cytisus striatus (Portuguese broom) stems. Photo: Eric Wrubel","Cytisus striatus (Portuguese broom) growth habit. Photo: Eric Wrubel","Cytisus striatus (Portuguese broom) flowers. Photo: Vernon Smith" Cytisus striatus (Portuguese broom) is a perennial shrub (family Fabaceae) found in the San Francisco Bay region, Peninsular Ranges and south coast of California. It is commonly found in coastal scrub and grasslands, where it is expected to continue to expand its range. Portuguese broom was introduced as a landscape ornamental, and is often confused with Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius). Broom is unpalatable to most livestock except goats, so it decreases rangeland value while increasing fire hazards. These leguminous plants produce copious amounts of seed, and may resprout from the root crown if cut or grazed.
67133https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/dactylis-glomerata-profile/Dactylis glomerata orchard grass Limited2603 24 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Dactylis-glomerata_Orchardgrass_-JM-Di-Tomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Dactylis-glomerata_leaf-blade-and-sheath_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Dactylis-glomerata_inflorescence_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Dactylis-glomerata_growth-habit_BarryBreckling.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Dactylis glomerata (orchard grass) leaf blade and sheath. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Dactylis glomerata (orchard grass) inflorescence. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Dactylis glomerata (orchard grass) growth habit. Photo: Barry Breckling" Dactylis glomerata (orchard grass) is an aggressive perennial grass (family Poaceae) widespread throughout California. It grows in any type of soil, is drought resistant, and can overrun some grasslands. Orchard grass is a desirable pasture grass but has escaped cultivation in many natural areas throughout the United States.
70853https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/datura-inoxia-profile/Datura inoxia pricklyburr Watch9854 9854 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Datura-inoxia_JM-Garg-Wikimedia.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Datura-inoxia_flower-and-leaves_JuergenSchrenk.jpeg" "Photo: Wikimedia","Datura inoxia (pricklyburr) flower and leaves. Photo: Juergen Schrenk" Datura inoxia (pricklyburr) is a herb (family Solanaceae) with large white flowers, broad leaves and prickly fruits found in the south and central western ranges of California. It is native to Mexico and Central America. It favors dunes and grasslands. It spreads via seed and rhizomes. Seeds are dispersed via ants, birds, animal fur and water.
67137https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/delairea-odorata-profile/Delairea odorataSenecio mikanioides Cape-ivy; German ivy; Italian ivy; ivy groundsel; parlor ivy; water ivy High-*9623 66 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Delairea-odorata_cape-ivy_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Delairea-odorata_Cape-ivy_Bob-Case_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Delairea-odorata_inflorescence_copyright-2007_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Delairea odorata (Cape-ivy) growth habit. Photo: Bob Case","Delairea odorata (Cape-ivy) inflorescence. Photo: © 2007 Neal Kramer " Delairea odorata (=Senecio mikaniodes) (Cape-ivy, German-ivy) is a perennial vine (family Asteraceae) found along the coast of California and in the San Gabriel Mountains. Cape-ivy is especially problematic in coastal riparian areas, though it may also invade inland riparian areas, moist forests, and oak woodlands. Vines are known to form dense mats of vegetation over trees and shrubs, killing plants underneath. It is toxic to animals and fish can be killed when plant materials are soaking in waterways. Stem, rhizome and stolon fragments resprout if left in the ground after treatment. Can occasionally reproduce by seeds in some areas.
71215https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/descurainia-sophia-profile/Descurainia sophiaArabis sophia, Sisymbrium sophia tansy mustard, flixweed Limited2705 116 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Descurainia-sophia_tansy-mustard_Debra-L-1.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Descurainia-sophia_flowers-and-fruit_SteveMatson.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Descurainia-sophia_leaf-and-stem_SteveMatson.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Descurainia-sophia_seeds_JeanPawek.jpeg" "Photo: Debra L. Cook","Descurainia sophia (tansy mustard) flowers and fruit. Photo: Steve Matson","Descurainia sophia (tansy mustard) leaf and stem. Photo: Steve Matson","Descurainia sophia (tansy mustard) seeds. Photo: Jean Pawek" Descurainia sophia (flixweed) is an annual or biennial (family Brassicaceae) found throughout California along roadsides, in agricultural fields, disturbed desert areas, scrub, grasslands and woodlands. It is most common in the northeastern region, particularly in the Great Basin. It tends to prefer well-drained sandy or stony soils. Flowering flixweed plants can be toxic to cattle when they are eaten over a long period of time. It produces abundant seed, which can be spread by soil or water movement, and by clinging to animals, humans and vehicle tires, but its rate of spread is relatively slow except in disturbed areas. Flixweed may invade recently disturbed areas and then become less dominant as native species become re-established.
67141https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/digitalis-purpurea-profile/Digitalis purpurea foxglove Limited2729 171 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Digitalis-purpurea_foxglove_-JM-Di-Tomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Digitalis-purpurea_flowers_copyright-2009_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Digitalis purpurea (foxglove) flowers. Photo: © 2009 Neal Kramer" Digitalis purpurea (foxglove) is an erect, knee-high to head-high herbaceous perennial (family Scrophulariaceae) found along the central and northern California coast and in Sierra Nevada foothills, infesting moist meadows and roadsides. All parts of the plant are toxic. It readily colonizes areas of soil disturbance, forming dense patches that displace natural vegetation.
70854https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/dipogon-lignosus-profile/Dipogon lignosus Cape sweet pea, okie bean Watch9865 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Dipogon-lignosus_Unknown-Wikimedia.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Dipogon-lignosus_flower_RonVanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Dipogon-lignosus_growth-habit_RonVanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Dipogon-lignosus_leaf-inflorescence-seed-pods_RonVanderhoff.jpeg" "Photo: Wikimedia","Dipogon lignosus (Cape sweet pea) flower. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Dipogon lignosus (Cape sweet pea) growth habit. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Dipogon lignosus (Cape sweet pea) inflorescence, leaves, seed pod. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Dipogon lignosus (Cape sweet pea) is a perennial vine (family Fabaceae) with pink flowers and broad triangular leaves found in the southwestern ranges of California. It is native to South Africa. It favors forests, woodlands, and riparian and bottomland habitat. It spreads via seeds and rhizomes. Seeds are dispersed via birds, water and possibly ants.
67143https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/dipsacus-fullonum-profile/Dipsacus fullonumDipsacus sylvestris Huds. Dipsacus fullonum var. sativus is reserved for cultivated teasel. wild teasel; common teasel; card thistle; Fuller's teasel Moderate2737 25 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Dipsacus_fullonum_common-teasel_Keir-Morse_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Dipsacus-fullonum_leaf-base-and-stem_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Dipsacus-fullonum_flowers_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Dipsacus-fullonum_inflorescence-senescent_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Dipsacus-fullonum_growth-habit_BarryRice.jpeg" "Photo: Keir Morse","Dipsacus fullonum (wild teasel) leaf base and stem. Photo: Keir Morse","Dipsacus fullonum (wild teasel) flowers. Photo: Keir Morse","Dipsacus fullonum (wild teasel) inflorescence (senescent). Photo: Zoya Akulova","Dipsacus fullonum (wild teasel) growth habit. Photo: Barry Rice" Dipsacus fullonum (wild teasel) is a biennial forb/herb (family Dipsacaceae) that is native to Eurasia and northern Africa and naturalized across much of the United States and Canada. It can grow up to 2.5 m and is characterized by its prickly stems, leaves, and inflorescences, lanceolate leaves that are typically fused in pairs around the stem at their base, and spiny ovoid inflorescences with purple flowers that mature in whorls. Receptacle bracts are typically long and upcurved rather than spreading and reflexed, as in Dipsacus sativus. The cultivated form of wild teasel was historically used to card wool and is used in flower arrangements. Wild teasel can form dense stands that are impenetrable to humans and livestock and can outcompete native vegetation in meadows, stream sides, and other moist environments.
70855https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/dipsacus-laciniatus-profile/Dipsacus laciniatus cutleaf teasel Watch 13663 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Dipsacus-laciniatus_Ron-Vanderhoff.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Dipsacus-laciniatus_flower-head-pre-flower_copyright2017_TrentDraper.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Dipsacus-laciniatus_leaves-and-stem_copyright2017_TrentDraper.jpeg" "Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Dipsacus laciniatus (cutleaf teasel) flower head (pre-flower). Photo: © 2017 Trent Draper","Dipsacus laciniatus (cutleaf teasel) leaves and stem. Photo: © 2017 Trent Draper" Dipsacus laciniatus (cutleaf teasel) is a herb (family Dipsacaceae) with small white flowers, finely lobed leaves and distinctively shaped fruits found in the southern ranges of Oregon. It is native to Europe and Asia. It favors grasslands. It spreads via seeds and regenerates after being cut. It is dispersed by machinery and birds.
67145https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/dipsacus-sativus-profile/Dipsacus sativusIn most of the literature used in this review, the teasels were described as a group, making very little distinction between D. sativus, D. fullonum, and D. sylvestris (name also used for D. fullonum); therefore information is largely identical. Further, according to personal observation by J.M. DiTomaso, in California, both D. fullonum and D. sativus occur in similar habitats and behave in a similar manner. Fuller's teasel Moderate2738 117 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Dipsacus-sativus_Fullers-teasel_JM-DiTomaso_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Dipsacus-sativus_infestation_copyright-2019_NealKramer.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Dipsacus-sativus_inflorescence_copyright-2019_NealKramer.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Dipsacus-sativus_stem-and-leaves_copyright-2019_NealKramer.jpg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Dipsacus sativus (Fuller's teasel) infestation. Photo: © 2019 Neal Kramer","Dipsacus sativus (Fuller's teasel) inflorescence. Photo: © 2019 Neal Kramer","Dipsacus sativus (Fuller's teasel) stem and leaves. Photo: © 2019 Neal Kramer" Dipsacus sativus (Fuller\'s teasel) is a biennial (family Dipsacaceae) found in California’s Coastal and Peninsular Ranges and the San Francisco Bay area. It favors disturbed sites, including grasslands, roadsides, ditches and riparian sites. Fuller\'s teasel’s spiny flower heads were used for carding wool before metal carding combs were created. Teasel plants may grow to form dense stands that are impenetrable by humans and animals. Teasel seeds can survive in the soil for 6 years or more, and once a dense population is established, it can persist for decades. Small populations may be mechanically controlled by removing plants to a few inches below the root crown.
67147https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/dittrichia-graveolens-profile/Dittrichia graveolensInula graveolens, Erigeron graveolens, Cupularia graveolens stinkwort; stinkweed; Khaki weed; Moderate-*8482 26 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Dittrichia-graveolens_stinkwort_flower-and-fruit_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Dittrichia-graveolens_flower-heads_copyright-2014_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Dittrichia-graveolens_growth-habit-dead-plant_copyright-2019_NealKramer.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Dittrichia-graveolens_young-plant_copyright-2015_NealKramer.jpg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Dittrichia graveolens (stinkwort) flower heads. Photo: © 2014 Neal Kramer","Dittrichia graveolens (stinkwort) growth habit (dead plant). Photo: © 2019 Neal Kramer","Dittrichia graveolens (stinkwort) young plant. Photo: © 2015 Neal Kramer" Dittrichia graveolens (stinkwort) is a fall-flowering, sticky aromatic annual (family Asteraceae) that is native to southern Europe, northern Africa, and southwestern Asia.  It was first recorded in California in 1984 and has rapidly spread across many parts of the state since its introduction. Stinkwort has glandular-haired leaves and stems and grows to a height of up to 0.2 - 1m; its flowers are clustered in small, yellow, flower heads.  Its leaves are simple, lanceolate to linear-shaped and have an unpleasant odor. Stinkwort favors disturbed areas and can be easily dispersed both because it is a prolific seed producer and because minute barbs on the pappus of its propagules aid in dispersal. It is unpalatable to livestock, severely impacts rangelands, and can outcompete native vegetation.
70856https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/dittrichia-viscosa-profile/Dittrichia viscosa false yellowhead WatchA13053 13053 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Dittrichia-viscosa_Richard-Spellenberg.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Dittrichia-viscosa_flower-heads-with-dispersing-seed_ZoyaAkulova-1.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Dittrichia-viscosa_flower-heads_ZoyaAkulova-1.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Dittrichia-viscosa_leaves-and-stem_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Dittrichia-viscosa_growth-habit_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg" "Photo: Richard Spellenberg","Dittrichia viscosa (false yellowhead) flower heads with dispersing seed. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Dittrichia viscosa (false yellowhead) flower heads. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Dittrichia viscosa (false yellowhead) leaves and stem. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Dittrichia viscosa (false yellowhead) growth habit. Photo: Zoya Akulova" Dittrichia viscosa (false yellowhead) is a perennial herb/subshrub (family Asteraceae) with golden-yellow flowers and thin toothed leaves found in the Sacramento Valley and San Francisco Bay area in California. It is native to the Mediterranean Basin. It favors grasslands, wetlands, and riparian and bottomland habitat. It reproduces by seed and is spread primarily via wind and water.
67149https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/echium-candicans-profile/Echium candicansEchium branchyanthum Hornem., Echium cynoglossoides Desf., Echium densiflorum DC., Echium fastuosum auct. Non Dryander ex Aiton, Echium macrophyllum Lehm., Echium pallidum Salisb., a few others pride-of-Madeira Limited2888 118 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Echium-candicans_Pride-of-Madiera_plants_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Echium-candicans_growth-habit_copyright-2009_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Echium-candicans_inflorescence-leaves-and-stem_copyright-2009_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Echium candicans (pride-of-Madeira) growth habit. Photo: © 2009 Neal Kramer","Echium candicans (pride-of-Madeira) inflorescence, leaves, and stem. Photo: © 2009 Neal Kramer"

Echium candicans (pride-of-Madeira) is a shrub (family Boraginaceae) found along the central and south coast of California, and in the San Francisco Bay region. This native to Madeira and the Canary Islands inhabits open coastal bluffs and hillsides. Pride-of-Madeira is a common landscape ornamental requiring a summer source of moisture in inland areas, but can escape cultivation in coastal regions. Little is known about the biology or invasiveness of pride-of-Madeira, but it appears to spread slowly into established native plant communities.

70857https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/echium-plantagineum-profile/Echium plantagineum Patterson's curse WatchA2890 2890 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Echium-plantagineum_C070-06.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Echium-plantagineum_flowers_JuergenSchrenk.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Echium-plantagineum_rosette_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Echium-plantagineum_infestation_JuergenSchrenk.jpeg" "Photo: UC Davis Weeds of California","Echium plantagineum (Patterson's curse) flowers. Photo: Juergen Schrenk","Echium plantagineum (Patterson's curse) rosette. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Echium plantagineum (Patterson's curse) infestation. Photo: Juergen Schrenk" Echium plantagineum (Patterson\'s curse) is a herb (family Boraginaceae) with blue-purple to pink flowers and narrow leaves found in the central and south coast ranges of California. It is native to the Mediterranean Basin. It occurs in grasslands. It reproduces by seed and is spread by grazing livestock, ants and birds.
67151https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/egeria-densa-profile/Egeria densa Brazilian Egeria; Egeria High2893 67 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Egeria-densa_JohnDMadsenUSDA-scaled.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Egeria-densa_Brazilian-egeria_John-Madsen_cropped-1-scaled.jpg" "Photo: John Madsen","Egeria densa (Brazilian Egeria) growth habit. Photo: John Madsen" Egeria densa (Brazilian Egeria) is a common aquatic perennial (family Hydrocharitaceae) that occurs in lakes, springs, ponds, and streams. Its underwater growth significantly retards water flow and decreases the abundance and diversity of native plant seeds in lake bottoms. It was introduced as a freshwater aquarium plant.
67153https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/ehrharta-calycina-profile/Ehrharta calycinaAira capensis L.f., Ehrharta ascendens Schrad, E. auriculata Steud., E. geniculata (Thunb) Thunb., E. laxiflora Schrad., R. ovata Nees, E. paniculataSw.ex Poir, E. undulata Nees ex Trin., Melica festucoides Licht ex Trin., Melica geniculata Thunb., Trochera calycina (Sm. P. Beauv,) purple veldtgrass; African veldtgrass; perennial veldt grass High2894 68 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ehrharta-calycina_purple-veldtgrass_-JM-Di-Tomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ehrharta-calycina_florets_RonVanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ehrharta-calycina_leaf-base-and-stem_RonVanderhoff-1.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ehrharta-calycina_infestation_copyright-2014_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ehrharta-calycina_inflorescence_copyright-2014_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Ehrharta calycina (purple veldtgrass) florets. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Ehrharta calycina (purple veldtgrass) leaf base and stem. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Ehrharta calycina (purple veldtgrass) infestation. Photo: © 2014 Neal Kramer","Ehrharta calycina (purple veldtgrass) inflorescence. Photo: © 2014 Neal Kramer" Ehrharta calycina (purple veldtgrass) is a perennial grass (family Poaceae) found in disturbed grasslands, roadsides and coastal habitats in California’s south and central west regions. Purple veldtgrass is spreading very rapidly in the central coast region, where it invades dunes and shrublands. It was originally imported to California for use as a pasture grass and for erosion control. Purple veldtgrass displaces native vegetation and converts coastal scrub and chaparral communities to grasslands. It resprouts after fires and may increase fire frequency.
67155https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/ehrharta-erecta-profile/Ehrharta erectaEhrharta panicea SM., E. paniciformis Nees ex Trin., Panicum deflexum Guss., Trochera panicea Baill panic veldtgrass; Ehrharta; Lamarck's Ehrharta; panic veld grass; Stebbin's grass Moderate2895 69 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ehrharta-erecta_erect-velvetgrass_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ehrharta-erecta_young-plant_copyright2019_NealKramer.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ehrharta-erecta_leaf-blade-and-sheath_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ehrharta-erecta_panicle-with-spikelets_JeanPawek.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ehrharta-erecta_growth-habit_JeanPawek.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Ehrharta erecta (panic veldtgrass) young plant. Photo: © 2019 Neal Kramer","Ehrharta erecta (panic veldtgrass) leaf blade and sheath. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Ehrharta erecta (panic veldtgrass) panicle with spikelets. Photo: Jean Pawek","Ehrharta erecta (panic veldtgrass) growth habit. Photo: Jean Pawek" Ehrharta erecta (panic veldtgrass) is a perennial grass (family Poaceae) found along California’s coastline and in the southern Sacramento Valley. Panic veldtgrass is commonly found in disturbed areas, including riparian areas, scrub, grassland, woodland, urban areas and turf. This native to South Africa was cultivated in Berkeley and Davis in the mid-1900s as an experimental grass before it escaped cultivation. It spreads rapidly and is known to out-compete native grasses and herbs. Panic veldtgrass causes more litter accumulation than native grasses and herbs do, which further inhibits native plant growth.
67157https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/ehrharta-longiflora-profile/Ehrharta longifloraannual veldtgrass long-flowered veldtgrass Limited8678 70 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ehrharta-longiflora_long-flowering-veldtgrass_-JM-Di-Tomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ehrharta-longiflora_auricle-at-leaf-base_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ehrharta-longiflora_leaf-blade-base-and-auricle_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ehrharta-longiflora_florets_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ehrharta-longiflora_inflorescence_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ehrharta-longiflora_leaves-and-stem_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ehrharta-longiflora_growth-habit_KeirMorse.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Ehrharta longiflora (long-flowered veldtgrass) auricle at leaf base. Photo: Keir Morse","Ehrharta longiflora (long-flowered veldtgrass) leaf blade base and auricle. Photo: Keir Morse","Ehrharta longiflora (long-flowered veldtgrass) florets. Photo: Keir Morse","Ehrharta longiflora (long-flowered veldtgrass) inflorescence. Photo: Keir Morse","Ehrharta longiflora (long-flowered veldtgrass) leaves and stem. Photo: Keir Morse","Ehrharta longiflora (long-flowered veldtgrass) growth habit. Photo: Keir Morse" Ehrharta longiflora (long-flowered veldtgrass) is an annual grass (family Poaceae) found on California’s south coast, especially near San Diego. Long-flowered veldtgrass was recently introduced to California and is not currently widespread, but it has the potential to spread rapidly in coastal dune and scrub habitats. It may exclude native species in these habitats.
67159https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/eichhornia-crassipes-profile/Eichhornia crassipesEichhornia speciosa, Heteranthera formosa, Piaropus crassipes, Pontederia crassipes water hyacinth High2896 71 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Eichhornia_crassipes_-by-By-Wouter-Hagens.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Eichhornia-crassipes_water-hyacinth_Bob-Case_cropped-scaled.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Eichhornia-crassipes_whole-plant_copyright-2018_NealKramer.jpg" "Photo: Wouter Hagens","Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) infestation. Photo: Bob Case","Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) whole plant. Photo: © 2018 Neal Kramer" Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) is a floating freshwater perennial (family Pontederiaceae) that jams rivers and lakes with tons of floating plant matter. Floating mats of this plant can weigh up to 200 tons per acre. In California, Eichhornia crassipes typically is found below 660 feet (200 m) elevation in the Central Valley, San Francisco Bay Area, and south coast.
67161https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/elaeagnus-angustifolia-profile/Elaeagnus angustifoliaElaeagnus angustifolius Russian olive; oleaster Moderate2897 119 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Elaeagnus-angustifolia_-Russian-olive_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Elaeagnus-angustifolia_flowers-and-leaves_copyright-2010_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Elaeagnus-angustifolia_leaves-and-fruit-immature_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Elaeagnus-angustifolia_stem_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Elaeagnus-angustifolia_growth-habit_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Elaeagnus angustifolia (Russian olive) flowers and leaves. Photo: © 2010 Neal Kramer","Elaeagnus angustifolia (Russian olive) leaves and fruit (immature). Photo: Zoya Akulova","Elaeagnus angustifolia (Russian olive) stem. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Elaeagnus angustifolia (Russian olive) growth habit. Photo: Zoya Akulova" Elaeagnus angustifolia (Russian olive) grows as a tree or shrub (family Elaeagnaceae) and is found in disturbed, seasonally moist places, generally below 5,000 feet (1500 m) elevation. It occurs in the San Joaquin Valley, San Francisco Bay Area, southern Sierra Nevada, San Diego County, and parts of the Mojave Desert near springs where it crowds out native species. It is able to regenerate under a wide variety of floodplain conditions with little or no mortality after seedling development. Native cottonwoods and willows, having narrow germination and establishment requirements and intolerant of shade, are unable to regenerate under advancing populations of Russian olive.
67377https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/taeniatherum-caput-medusae-profile/Elymus caput-medusaeTaeniatherum caput-medusae medusahead High-*11634 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Elymus-caput-medusae_medusahead_Bob-Case_cropped-scaled.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Elymus-caput-medusae_flower-spikes_copyright-2016_NealKramer.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Elymus-caput-medusae_medusahead_Bob-Case_cropped-1-scaled.jpg" "Photo: Bob Case","Elymus caput-medusae (medusahead) flower spikes. Photo: © 2016 Neal Kramer","Elymus caput-medusae (medusahead) infestation. Photo: Bob Case" Elymus caput-medusae (medusahead) is a winter annual (family Poaceae) that typically invades disturbed sites, grasslands, openings in chaparral and oak woodlands. Medusahead out-competes native grasses and forbs and is found throughout northwestern California. After they set seed, medusahead plants persist as a dense litter layer that prevents germination and survival of native species, ties up nutrients, and contributes to fire danger in the summer.
67163https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/emex-spinosa-profile/Emex spinosaRumex spinosus devil's thorn; spiny threecornerjack Moderate2955 72 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Emex-spinosa-by-Ron-Vanderhoff-1.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Emex-spinosa_growth-habit_RonVanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Emex-spinosa_male-and-female-flowers-leaves-and-stem_RonVanderhoff.jpg" "Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Emex spinosa (devil's thorn) growth habit. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Emex spinosa (devil's thorn) male and female flowers, leaves, and stem. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Emex spinosa (spiny Emex, devil’s thorn) is an annual (family Polygonaceae) found on California’s south coast. This Mediterranean native is not yet common in California, but it is spreading rapidly and is known to crowd out native species. It frequently infests disturbed areas, especially in coastal habitats. Emex spinosa’s spiny seed pods stick to people and animals, so it spreads quickly along trails and then into undisturbed areas.
67167https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/erica-lusitanica-profile/Erica lusitanica Spanish heath; Portuguese heath; urze LimitedB3070 3070 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Erica_lusitanica-Forest-and-Kim-Starr.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Erica-lusitanica_flowers_copyright2001_DeanKelchCDFA.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Erica-lusitanica_growth-habit_copyright_DeanKelchCDFA.jpeg" "Photo: Forest & Kim Starr CC-BY-3.0, via Wikimedia Commons","Erica lusitanica (Spanish heath) flowers. Photo: © 2001 Dean Kelch, CDFA","Erica lusitanica (Spanish heath) growth habit. Photo: © Dean Kelch, CDFA" Erica lusitanica (Spanish heath) is a shrub or sub-shrub (family Ericaceae) that is native to southwest Europe. Erica lusitanica can be found in disturbed, open sandy areas. It has invaded Humboldt County where it forms large monocultures along the coast. E. lusitanica flowers from winter to spring. It has shown quick recovery from fire.
67169https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/erodium-cicutarium-profile/Erodium cicutarium redstem filaree; redstem stork's bill; filaree Limited3448 173 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Erodium-cicutarium_redstem-filaree_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Erodium-cicutarium_flowers_copyright-2010_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Erodium-cicutarium_leavesrosette_copyright-2010_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Erodium cicutarium (redstem filaree) flowers. Photo: © 2010 Neal Kramer","Erodium cicutarium (redstem filaree) leaves (rosette). Photo: © 2010 Neal Kramer"

Erodium cicutarium (redstem filaree) is an aggressive annual/biannual (family Geraniaceae) that is very widespread throughout California and is commonly found along roadsides, grasslands, fields, and semi-desert areas. It often carpets large areas, out-competing native grasses and forbs.

67171https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/eucalyptus-camaldulensis-profile/Eucalyptus camaldulensis red gum; river red gum; Red River gum Limited3531 120 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Eucalyptus_camaldulensis_MBrunell.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Eucalyptus-camaldulensis_fruits_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Eucalyptus-camaldulensis_leaves-and-inflorescences_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Eucalyptus-camaldulensis_trunk_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Eucalyptus-camaldulensis_growth-habit_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg" "Photo: Dr. Mark Brunell","Eucalyptus camaldulensis (red gum) fruits. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Eucalyptus camaldulensis (red gum) leaves and inflorescences. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Eucalyptus camaldulensis (red gum) trunk. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Eucalyptus camaldulensis (red gum) growth habit. Photo: Zoya Akulova"

Eucalyptus camaldulensis (red gum) is a tree (family Myrtaceae) found in southern California. Eucalyptus camaldulensis increases risk of catastrophic wildland fires and over-crowds native plants and trees.

70858https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/eucalyptus-cladocalyx-profile/Eucalyptus cladocalyx sugargum Watch3533 3533 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Eucalyptus_cladocalyx_leaves_and_bark-by-Bidgee.jpg" "Photo by Bidgee, via Wikimedia Commons" Eucalyptus cladocalyx (sugargum) is a tree (family Myrtaceae) with white flowers and narrow leaves found in the central and south coast ranges of California. It is native to Southern Australia. It favors woodlands and grasslands. It propagates via seeds and is dispersed by wind.
67173https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/eucalyptus-globulus-profile/Eucalyptus globulusEucalyptus maidenii subsp. globulus (Labill.) J.B.Kirkp. blue gum; Tasmanian blue gum; blue gum Eucalyptus; common Eucalyptus; Southern blue gum; Victorian blue gum Limited3534 121 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Eucalyptus-globulus_Tasmanium-blue-gum_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Eucalyptus-camaldulensis_fruits_copyright-2008_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Eucalyptus-camaldulensis_growth-habit_copyright-2008_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Eucalyptus-camaldulensis_trunk_copyright-2008_NealKramer.jpeg","" "Photo courtesy Joseph DiTomaso","Eucalyptus globulus (blue gum) fruits. Photo: © 2008 Neal Kramer","Eucalyptus globulus (red gum) growth habit. Photo: © 2008 Neal Kramer","Eucalyptus globulus (red gum) trunk. Photo: © 2008 Neal Kramer","" Eucalyptus globulus (Tasmanian blue gum) is a tree (family Myrtaceae) found throughout California, but has primarily escaped to become invasive along the coast. It has effects on fire danger, native plants, and wildlife.
70859https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/euphorbia-lathyris-profile/Euphorbia lathyris caper spurge Watch3557 225 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Euphorbia-lathyris_C118-01.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Euphorbia-lathyris_growth-habit_copyright-2014_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Euphorbia-lathyris_ovary-fruit_copyright-2014_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: UC Davis Weeds of California","Euphorbia lathyris (caper spurge) growth habit. Photo: © 2014 Neal Kramer","Euphorbia lathyris (caper spurge) ovary (fruit). Photo: © 2014 Neal Kramer" Euphorbia lathyris (caper spurge) is a herb/ (family Euphorbiaceae) with green-yellow flowers and thin narrow leaves found in the coastal ranges, western ranges, the Central Valley, and desert ranges of California. It is native to Europe. It occurs in grasslands, marshes, dunes, scrub and chaparral habitats. It spreads via seed and is dispersed by water, machinery and dumped garden waste.
86456https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/euphorbia-myrsinites/Euphorbia myrsinitesTithymalus myrsinites (L.) Hill myrtle spurge, creeping spurge WatchA8563 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Euphorbia-myrsinites_TomGetts.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Euphorbia-myrsinites_leaves-with-latex-flowers-and-fruit_TomGetts.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Euphorbia-myrsinites_growth-habit_TomGetts.jpg" "Photo: Tom Getts","Euphorbia myrsinites (myrtle spurge) leaves (with latex), flowers, and fruit. Photo: Tom Getts","Euphorbia myrsinites (myrtle spurge) growth habit. Photo: Tom Getts" Euphorbia myrsinites L. (myrtle spurge) is an evergreen perennial that is native to Eurasia and has been widely introduced as an ornamental. Plants typically grow to 4-8\" tall from a woody base. Stems are ascending or trailing. Oval, blue-green, fleshy leaves are arranged in close spirals around stems. Plants bloom in spring; flowers are inconspicuous and greenish, subtended by showy yellow bracts. Myrtle spurge is listed as noxious weed in Colorado, Oregon, Washington and Utah, as well as California. Its leaves contain a latex that is a skin irritant and toxic to animals. This species can spread aggressively and is difficult to control once established.
67177https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/euphorbia-oblongata-profile/Euphorbia oblongata eggleaf spurge; oblong spurge Limited-*3559 74 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Euphorbia-oblongata_oblong-splurge_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Euphorbia-oblongata_eggleaf-spurge_Bob-Case_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Euphorbia-oblongata_leaves_copyright-2014_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Euphorbia-oblongata_stem-and-leaf-bases_copyright-2014_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Euphorbia-oblongata_male-and-female-flowers_copyright-2014_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Euphorbia oblongata (eggleaf spurge) leaves, fruits, flowers. Photo: Bob Case","Euphorbia oblongata (eggleaf spurge) leaves. Photo: © 2014 Neal Kramer","Euphorbia oblongata (eggleaf spurge) stem and leaf base. Photo: © 2014 Neal Kramer","Euphorbia oblongata (eggleaf spurge) male and female flowers. Photo: © 2014 Neal Kramer" Euphorbia oblongata (eggleaf spurge) is a root-sprouting perennial forb (family Euphorbiaceae) that is native to southeastern Europe and Turkey and found across much of coastal northern California along streambanks, in woodlands, meadows, dry hillsides, and disturbed areas. It grows to 0.5m, has green-to-yellow foliage and leaves that are oval, 4-6 cm long. Seeds can remain viable for eight years. This plant causes dermal and eye irritation. It is inedible to most wildlife and inhibits the growth of surrounding plants. 
67179https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/euphorbia-terracina-profile/Euphorbia terracina carnation spurge; Geraldton carnationweed Limited-*8565 75 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Euphorbia-terracina_carnation-spurge_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Euphorbia-terracina_growth-habit_RonVanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Euphorbia-terracina_leaves-and-inflorescence_RonVanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Euphorbia-terracina_male-and-female-flower_RonVanderhoff.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Euphorbia terracina (carnation spurge) growth habit. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Euphorbia terracina (carnation spurge) leaves and inflorescence. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Euphorbia terracina (carnation spurge) male and female flowers. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Euphorbia terracina (carnation spurge) is a perennial or biennial species(family Euphorbiaceae) found on California’s south coast. Carnation spurge forms dense patches in disturbed grasslands, coastal bluffs, dunes, salt marshes, riparian areas and oak woodlands. Although carnation spurge was recently introduced to California and is not yet widely distributed, it has the potential to spread rapidly. Like many other members of the spurge family, it produces toxic sap, and has allelopathic properties that reduce germination of native plants.
67175https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/euphorbia-esula-profile/Euphorbia virgataEuphorbia esula; Euphorbia discolor, Euphorbia virgata, Euphorbia gmelinii leafy spurge; faitours-grass; wolf's milk High-*11684 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Euphorbia_virgata_by-Hermann-Schachner.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Euphorbia-virgata_all-plant-parts-drawing_copyright-CDFA-1.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Euphorbia-virgata_flowers_copyright-2001_CDFAJP-Clark.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Euphorbia-virgata_growth-habit_copyright-2001_CDFAJP-Clark.jpeg" "Photo: Hermann Schachner","Euphorbia virgata (leafy spurge) all plant parts (drawing). Photo: © CDFA","Euphorbia virgata (leafy spurge) flowers. Photo: © 2001 JP Clark, CDFA","Euphorbia virgata (leafy spurge) growth habit. Photo: © 2001 JP Clark, CDFA" Euphorbia virgata (leafy spurge) is a perennial (family Euphorbiaceae) rhizomatous erect herb. Euphorbia esula can be found in scattered locations throughout northern California and crowding out native plant species. It can invade and dominate a variety of vegetation types, including prairies, grasslands and pine savannahs.
70860https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/fallopia-xbohemica-profile/Fallopia ×bohemica Bohemian knotweed WatchA13358 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Fallopia_xbohemica_Bohemian-knotweed_John-Bailey_cropped-scaled.jpg" "Photo: John Bailey" Fallopia ×bohemica (Bohemian knotweed (Japanese x Giant knotweed) is a perennial (family Polygonaceae) with white flowers and broad leaves found in northwestern California. It is native to Japan. It favors grasslands and riparian and bottomland habitat. It spreads via rhizomes and seeds and is dispersed along watercourses and in garden waste.
67305https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/fallopia-japonica-profile/Fallopia japonicaPolygonum cuspidatum; Reynoutria japonica, Fallopia baldschuanica Japanese knotweed; Mexican bamboo ModerateA*10891 38 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Fallopia-japonica_Japanese-knotweed_CDFA_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Fallopia-japonica_flowers_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Fallopia-japonica_inflorescences_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Fallopia-japonica_leaves-and-stem_KeirMorse.jpeg" "Photo: CDFA","Fallopia japonica (Japanese knotweed) flowers. Photo: Keir Morse","Fallopia japonica (Japanese knotweed) inflorescences. Photo: Keir Morse","Fallopia japonica (Japanese knotweed) leaves and stem. Photo: Keir Morse" Fallopia japonica (=Polygonum cuspidatum) (Japanese knotweed) is a perennial forb/herb (family Polygonaceae ). Plants grow vigorously and create dense colonies that exclude other vegetation. Established colonies are extremely difficult to eradicate. It inhabits disturbed moist sites, roadsides, riparian and wetland areas. Plants typically grow in open, sunny areas on moist soils in cool temperate climates. There is very little of this species in California, but it is spreading rapidly in the Northwest and has been a major problem in the southern and northern US, as well as Europe.
67307https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/polygonum-sachalinense-profile/Fallopia sachalinensisPolygonum sachalinense; Reynoutia sachalinensis giant knotweed; sakhalin knotweed; sacaline ModerateA*10892 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Fallopia-sachalinensis_giant-knotweed_CDFA_cropped.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Fallopia-sachalinensis_leaves-and-inflorescences_copyright_DeanKelchCDFA.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Fallopia-sachalinensis_growth-habit_copyright2001_FredHrusaCDFA.jpeg" "Photo: CDFA","Fallopia sachalinensis (giant knotweed) leaves and inflorescences. Photo: © Dean Kelch, CDFA","Fallopia sachalinensis (giant knotweed) growth habit. Photo: © 2001 Fred Hrusa, CDFA" Fallopia sachalinensis (Sakhalin knotweed) is a perennial forb/herb (family Polygonaceae). Plants grow vigorously and create dense colonies that exclude other vegetation. Established colonies are extremely difficult to eradicate. It inhabits disturbed moist sites, roadsides, riparian and wetland areas. Plants typically grow in open, sunny areas on moist soils in cool temperate climates. Very little of this species occurs in California. It is a much bigger problem in the Northwestern US.
67181https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/festuca-arundinacea-profile/Festuca arundinaceaBromus arundinaceus, Festuca elatior ssp. arundinacea, F. elatior var. arundinacea, Lolium arundinaceum reed fescue; alta fescue; coarse fescue; rescue; reed fescue; tall fescue; Kentucky fescue Moderate3576 122 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Festuca-arundinacea_tall-fescue_-JM-Di-Tomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Festuca-arundinacea_inflorescence_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Festuca-arundinacea_spikelets_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Festuca-arundinacea_stem-nodes_ZoyaAkulova.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Festuca-arundinacea_leaf-blade-and-sheath_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Festuca-arundinacea_growth-habit_KeirMorse.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Festuca arundinacea (reed fescue) inflorescence. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Festuca arundinacea (reed fescue) spikelets. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Festuca arundinacea (reed fescue) stem nodes. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Festuca arundinacea (reed fescue) leaf blade and sheath. Photo: Keir Morse","Festuca arundinacea (reed fescue) growth habit. Photo: Keir Morse" Festuca arundinacea (tall fescue) is a perennial grass with coarse foliage (family Poaceae) found throughout California except in the Great Basin and deserts. It favors sites with heavy soil, including grassland, coastal scrub, roadsides, ditches and other disturbed sites. Tall fescue is commonly planted for turf and hay or erosion control, but it has escaped cultivation and invaded wild areas. After tall fescue plants die, their leaves fall to the ground and create a thick thatch which prevents native plant seeds from germinating.
67403https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/vulpia-myuros-profile/Festuca myurosVulpia myuros rat-tail fescue; red-tailed fescue; sixweeksgrass; zorro annual fescue Moderate11689 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Festuca-myuros_rat-tail-fescue_JM-DiTomaso_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Festuca-myuros_flower-spike_RonVanderhoff.jpg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Festuca myuros (rat-tail fescue) flower spike. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Festuca myuros (rat-tail fescue) is an annual grass (family Poaceae) widely distributed in California. This species is one of many introduced annual grasses that reduces habitat for native perennial grasses.
67242https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/festuca-perennis-profile/Festuca perennisLolium multiflorum; Lolium perenne Italian ryegrass Moderate11691 35 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Lolium_multiflorum_JDiTomaso-e1510168593229.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Festuca-perennis_flower-spikelets-full-flower_copyright-2012_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Festuca-perennis_flower-spikelets-maturing-seed_copyright-2008_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Festuca perennis (Italian ryegrass) flower spikelets (full flower). Photo: © 2012 Neal Kramer","Festuca perennis (Italian ryegrass) flower spikelets (maturing seed). Photo: © 2008 Neal Kramer" Festuca perennis (Italian ryegrass) is an annual or biennial grass (family Poaceae) found throughout California except in the Great Basin and deserts. Italian ryegrass prefers areas with fertile, well-drained soils, including roadsides, fields, orchards and vineyards. Italian ryegrass is commonly cultivated for erosion control, pasture forage, and turf, but has escaped cultivation in many areas. Italian ryegrass is currently very widespread.
67183https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/ficus-carica-profile/Ficus carica edible fig Moderate3592 76 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ficus-carica_Fig_-JM-Di-Tomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ficus-carica_latex-on-cut-stem_RonVanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ficus-carica_leaf-front-and-back_RonVanderhoff.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Ficus carica (edible fig) latex on cut stem. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Ficus carica (edible fig) leaf (front and back). Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Ficus carica (edible fig) is a small tree (family Moraceae) that is native to the Mediterranean region and southwestern Asia that has been grown since ancient times as a food source and an ornamental. Plants are deciduous, with large leaves that have 3-5 lobes and stems with smooth, white/grey bark, and fruits that are soft when ripe with a sweet, red interior.  Edible fig can form dense thickets that smother native vegetation and seeds are easily dispersed via animals and along waterways. Research is underway to determine which cultivars of fig can become invasive.
67185https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/foeniculum-vulgare-profile/Foeniculum vulgare fennel; sweet fennel; sweet anise Moderate3603 123 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Foeniculum-vulgare_-fennel_JM-DiTomaso_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Foeniculum-vulgare_growth-habit_copyright-2009_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Foeniculum-vulgare_inflorescence-umbel_copyright-2009_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Foeniculum-vulgare_leaves-and-stem-bolting_copyright-2015_NealKramer.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Foeniculum-vulgare_seedsmature_copyright-2008_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) growth habit. Photo: © 2009 Neal Kramer","Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) inflorescence (umbel). Photo: © 2009 Neal Kramer","Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) leaves and stem (bolting). Photo: © 2015 Neal Kramer","Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) seeds (mature). Photo: © 2008 Neal Kramer" Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) is an erect perennial herb (family Apiaceae). Although the plant is very common throughout the state, dense local populations have been reported from Santa Cruz Island, in fields around the San Francisco Bay region, Palos Verdes Peninsula (Los Angeles County), and Camp Pendleton (San Diego County). It can drastically alter the composition and structure of many plant communities, including grasslands, coastal scrub, riparian, and wetland communities. It is still unclear whether culinary varieties of fennel are invasive.
70861https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/galega-officinalis-profile/Galega officinalis professorweed WatchA*12523 12523 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Galega-officinalis_Louis-M.-Landry.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Galega-officinalis_inflorescence_copyright2011_Louis-M.-Landry.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Galega-officinalis_leaf_copyright2008_Louis-M.-Landry.jpeg" "Photo: Louis M. Landry","Galega officinalis (professorweed) inflorescence. Photo: © 2011 Louis M. Landry","Galega officinalis (professorweed) leaf. Photo: © 2008 Louis M. Landry" Galega officinalis (professorweed) is a perennial /subshrub (family Fabaceae) with white to purple flowers and thin narrow leaves found in northwestern California. It is native to the Middle East. It favors grasslands and riparian and bottomland habitat. It reproduces by seed and is spread in animal manure, irrigation water, and through agricultural activities.
128377https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/galenia-pubescens-plant-profile/Galenia pubescensAizoon pubescens, Galenia spathulata coastal Galenia, Galenia, blanket weed, carpet weed, green Galenia Watch8453 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Galenia-pubescens_JamesBailey_CC-BY-NC-4.0-Calflora.jpg" "Photo: James Bailey" Coastal Galenia (Galenia pubescens; family Aizoaceae) is a perennial, prostrate, mat forming member of the Aizoaceae (iceplant family) native to South Africa. The species was likely introduced to California between the years of 1970-78, by the US Forest Service (and provided to the Los Angeles County Fire Department) when it was grown in nursery conditions (Riverside and Malibu) and out-planted experimentally. In California, coastal Galenia is now naturalized in several sites in southern California. Elsewhere, the species has naturalized in Australia, Chile, and Spain. It can be distinguished procumbent, mat-forming growth habit, gray-green, minutely hairy foliage, obovate to spatulate leaf form, and extensive branching pattern. Locally it has the capacity to form monocultures and displace native plants.
67187https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/gazania-linearis-profile/Gazania linearisGazania longiscapa DC Gazania; treasure flower Moderate3770 3770 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Gazania-linearis_gazania_Tony-Morosco_cropped.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Gazania-linearis_leaves-and-flower-heads_RonVanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Gazania-linearis_receptacle_RonVanderhoff.jpeg" "Photo: Tony Morosco","Gazania linearis (Gazania) leaves and flower heads. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Gazania linearis (Gazania) receptacle. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Gazania linearis (Gazania) is a perennial herb (family Asteraceae) introduced as an ornamental plant. It has been reported escaping into creekside vegetation and into native grassland from plantings in San Francisco, Monterey, and Ventura Counties, where it can form a dense groundcover and outcompete other species.
70862https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/genista-linifolia-profile/Genista linifolia Mediterranean broom Watch3772 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Genista-linifolia_Mediterranean-broom_CDFA.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Genista-linifolia_leaves-stem-flowers-and-immature-seed-pods_JM-DiTomaso.jpeg" "Photo: California Department of Food and Agriculture ","Genista linifolia (Mediterranean broom) leaves, stem, flowers, and immature seed pods. Photo: JM DiTomaso" Genista linifolia (Mediterranean broom) is a shrub (family Fabaceae) with yellow flowers and thin narrow leaves found in the Channel Islands and north and south coast ranges of California. It is native to the Canary Islands, western Mediterranean and northern Africa. It favors woodlands, grasslands, and riparian and bottomland habitat. It reproduces via seed and is dispersed by animals, water, mud and machinery.
67321https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/retama-monosperma-profile/Genista monospermaRetama monosperma; Spartium monosperma, Lygos monosperma bridal veil broom Moderate-*8574 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Genista-monosperma_bridal-veil-broom_James-Gaither_cropped-scaled.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Genista-monosperma_bridal-veil-broom_James-Gaither_cropped-2.jpg" "Photo: James Gaither","Genista monosperma (bridal veil broom) close-up of flowers. Photo: James Gaither" Genista monosperma (bridal veil broom) is an escaped ornamental plant in the family Fabaceae. Although it is currently invasive in only one population in San Diego County, Cal-IPC lists it as an alert species due to its invasiveness in other areas with climates similar to California. In six years, this one infestation spread in size from approximately 1 acre (4 ha) to 1980 ac (800 ha). Like Scotch and French brooms, bridal veil broom can produce thousands of seeds per plant that may then be carried long distances by birds.
67190https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/genista-monspessulana-profile/Genista monspessulanaCytisus monpsessulana, C. racemosus, C. canariensis, Gensita monspessulana, Teline monspessulana French broom; soft broom; canary broom; Montepellier broom HighC*3774 27 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Genista-monspessulana_French-broom_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Genista-monspessulana_French-broom_Bob-Case_cropped-scaled.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Genista-monspessulana_leaves-and-stem_copyright-2008_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Genista-monspessulana_mature-plant-with-taproot_copyright-2009_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Genista-monspessulana_seedling_copyright-2009_NealKramer.jpg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Genista monspessulana (French broom) leaves, fruits, flowers. Photo: Bob Case","Genista monspessulana (French broom) leaves and stem. Photo: © 2008 Neal Kramer","Genista monspessulana (French broom) mature plant with taproot. Photo: © 2009 Neal Kramer","Genista monspessulana (French broom) seedlings. Photo: © 2009 Neal Kramer" Genista monspessulana (French broom) is a perennial shrub (family Fabaceae) from the Mediterranean region and the Azores that was introduced as an ornamental along with Scotch and Spanish broom. In California, it now occurs across the state, including the Coast Ranges, Sierra Nevada foothills, Transverse Ranges, Channel Islands and San Francisco Bay area. French broom is an aggressive invader, forming dense stands that exclude native plants and wildlife. It is unpalatable to most livestock except goats and increases fire hazard by increasing ladder fuels. Plants produce copious amounts of long-lived seed that sprout with soil disturbance. Plants may also resprout from their root crown if cut or grazed.
67192https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/geranium-dissectum-profile/Geranium dissectumGeranium laxum Hanks cutleaf Geranium Limited3799 174 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Geranium-dissectum_-cutleaf-geranium_-JM-Di-Tomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Geranium-dissectum_leaves-basal_copyright-2009_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Geranium-dissectum_leaves-cauline-and-flower_copyright-2009_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Geranium dissectum (cutleaf Geranium) leaves (basal). Photo: © 2009 Neal Kramer","Geranium dissectum (cutleaf Geranium) leaves (cauline) and flower. Photo: © 2009 Neal Kramer" Geranium dissectum (cutleaf Geranium) is an annual or biennial forb/herb (family Geraniaceae) found throughout California along waste ground, grasslands, and hedge banks. It can compete with native vegetation for resources.
70863https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/geranium-lucidum-profile/Geranium lucidum shining Geranium WatchA8593 8593 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Geranium-lucidum_Dr.-Amadej-Trnkoczy.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Geranium-lucidum_flower-and-leaf_Amadej-Trnkoczy.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Geranium-lucidum_growth-habit_Amadej-Trnkoczy.jpeg" "Photo: Dr. Amadej Trnkoczy","Geranium lucidum (shining Geranium) flower and leaf. Photo: Amadej Trnkoczy","Geranium lucidum (shining Geranium) growth habit. Photo: Amadej Trnkoczy" Geranium lucidum (shining Geranium) is an annual or biennial herb/ (family Geraniaceae) with pink flowers and wide, shiny, segmented leaves found in the San Francisco Bay area and north coast ranges of California. It is native to Europe, northern Africa and western Asia. It favors grasslands, dunes, and riparian and bottomland habitat. It self-pollinates and reproduces via seed. Seeds are shot from the plant and can travel 20 feet. People disperse seeds accidentally, especially along roadsides.
70596https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/geranium-purpureum-profile/Geranium purpureumGeranium robertianum subsp. purpureum; Pelargonium purpureum little robin Limited8594 8594 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Geranium-purpureum_C140-25.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Geranium-purpureum_flowers-fruits-and-leaves_copyright-2013_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: UC Davis Weeds of California","Geranium purpureum (little robin) flowers, fruits, and leaves. Photo: © 2013 Neal Kramer" Geranium purpureum (little robin) is a herb (family Geraniaceae) with pink flowers and lobed leaves found in the San Francisco Bay area and central coast ranges of California. It is native to Europe, northern Africa and western Asia. It favors grasslands and woodlands. It spreads via seeds which land within a short distance of the parent plant. Animal and human activities help disperse this plant.
71114https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/chrysanthemum-coronarium-profile/Glebionis coronariaChrysanthemum coronarium, Glebionis coronarium garland Chrysanthemum, crown daisy Limited10915 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Glebionis-coronaria-crown-daisy-by-Alves-Gaspar.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Glebionis-coronaria_flower-head-and-leaves_copyright-2009_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Glebionis-coronaria_phyllaries-on-receptacle_copyright-2009_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Alves Gaspar","Glebionis coronaria (garland Chrysanthemum) flower head and leaves. Photo: © 2009 Neal Kramer","Glebionis coronaria (garland Chrysanthemum) phyllaries on receptacle. Photo: © 2009 Neal Kramer" Glebionis coronaria (crown daisy) is a flowering annual (family Asteraceae) found along the central and south coast of California. Crown daisy commonly invades riparian areas, coastal dunes, prairies and scrub. It is a common ornamental plant that escapes garden settings and easily invades disturbed areas. The seeds of crown daisies sprout very quickly after rain, even in relatively dry areas. Seedlings may grow to be up to five feet tall and may form dense stands that crowd out native vegetation. Dead plant mass can remain in place for many years, preventing native plants from recolonizing.
67194https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/glyceria-declinata-profile/Glyceria declinata mannagrass; sweetgrass; waxy mannagrass Moderate9343 124 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Glyceria_declinata_mannagrass_Jean-Luc-Gorremans_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Glyceria-declinata_mannagrass_Neal-Kramer_cropped.jpeg" "Photo: Jean-Luc Gorremans","Glyceria declinata (mannagrass) inflorescence. Photo: Neal Kramer" Glyceria declinata (waxy mannagrass) is a perennial grass (family Poaceae). Waxy mannagrass is found in the Central Valley, from Shasta County south to Fresno County. It has invaded deep vernal pools, swales, ditches, and stock ponds. Some reports indicate that it is rapidly spreading in Central Valley vernal pools.
70864https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/grevillea-robusta-profile/Grevillea robusta silkoak Watch9344 9344 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Grevillea-robusta_Zoya-Akulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Grevillea-robusta_leaf_copyright-2009_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Grevillea-robusta_seed-pods-empty_copyright-2009_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Zoya Akulova","Grevillea robusta (silkoak) leaf. Photo: © 2009 Neal Kramer","Grevillea robusta (silkoak) seed pods (empty). Photo: © 2009 Neal Kramer" Grevillea robusta (silkoak) is a tree (family Proteaceae) with yellow-orange to brown flowers and finely dissected leaves found in the central and south coast ranges of California. It is native to eastern Australia. It favors grasslands and riparian and bottomland habitat. It spreads via seeds and root suckers. Its winged seeds are dispersed by wind.
70865https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/gunnera-tinctoria-profile/Gunnera tinctoria Chilean Gunnera Watch3976 3976 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Gunnera-tinctoria_Richard-Spellenberg.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Gunnera-tinctoria_inflorescence_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Gunnera-tinctoria_leaves_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Gunnera-tinctoria_growth-habit_JuergenSchrenk.jpeg" "Photo: Richard Spellenberg","Gunnera tinctoria (Chilean Gunnera) inflorescence. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Gunnera tinctoria (Chilean Gunnera) leaves. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Gunnera tinctoria (Chilean Gunnera) growth habit. Photo: Juergen Schrenk" Gunnera tinctoria (Chilean Gunnera) is a perennial herb/ (family Gunneraceae) with clusters of purple flowers and large prickly leaves found in the central coast ranges of California. Chilean Gunnera has both female and male flower parts. It is native to Chile. It occurs in grasslands, wetlands, bogs and woodlands. It spreads via seeds and rhizomes. Its seeds are dispersed by birds and water.
70866https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/gypsophila-paniculata-profile/Gypsophila paniculata baby's breath WatchB9536 9536 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Gypsophila-paniculata_C093-02.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Gypsophila-paniculata_leaves-and-stem_copyright2001_FredHrusaCDFA.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Gypsophila-paniculata_flowers_copyright2001_FredHrusaCDFA.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Gypsophila-paniculata_growth-habit_copyright2001_FredHrusaCDFA.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Gypsophila-paniculata_infestation_copyright_DeanKelchCDFA.jpeg" "Photo: UC Davis Weeds of California","Gypsophila paniculata (baby's breath) leaves and stem. Photo: © 2001 Fred Hrusa, CDFA","Gypsophila paniculata (baby's breath) flowers. Photo: © 2001 Fred Hrusa, CDFA","Gypsophila paniculata (baby's breath) growth habit. Photo: © 2001 Fred Hrusa, CDFA","Gypsophila paniculata (baby's breath) infestation. Photo: © Dean Kelch, CDFA" Gypsophila paniculata (baby\'s breath) is a perennial herb (family Caryophyllaceae) with white flowers and thin narrow leaves found in the Sierra Nevada, coastal, northern and desert ranges of California. It is native to central and eastern Europe. It favors grasslands and dunes. It reproduces via multitudes of seeds which are dispersed by wind.
67196https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/halogeton-glomeratus-profile/Halogeton glomeratusAnabasis glomeratus Halogeton ModerateB*4001 175 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Halogeton-glomeratus_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Halogeton-glomeratus_halogeton-growth-habit_Bob-Case_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Halogeton-glomeratus_halogeton_Bob-Case_cropped-scaled.jpg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Halogeton glomeratus (Halogeton) growth habit. Photo: Bob Case","Halogeton glomeratus (Halogeton) leaves and stem. Photo: Bob Case" Halogeton glomeratus (Halogeton) is an erect winter to summer annual with small fleshy leaves (family Chenopodiaceae). It can be found throughout southern California and in all counties bordering Nevada. It has also been reported from Siskiyou and San Diego counties. It is native to central Asia. Halogeton is mainly found on disturbed arid sites in salt grass, salt desert shrub, mixed desert shrub, or pinyon-juniper plant communities. Halogeton is not an extremely competitive plant, but it can quickly invade disturbed or overgrazed sites, and it can prevent reestablishment of desirable species because it can lead to salt accumulation on the soil surface. It is poisonous to livestock.
71106https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/hedera-canariensis-profile/Hedera canariensis Algerian ivy High8467 125 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Hedera-canariensis_Algerian-ivy_Ron-Vanderhoff.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Hedera-canariensis_flower-close-up_copyright-2018_NealKramer.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Hedera-canariensis_growth-habit-young-plant_copyright-2018_NealKramer.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Hedera-canariensis_inflorescence_RonVanderhoff.jpg" "Photo: Ron Vanderhoff ","Hedera canariensis (Algerian ivy) flower (close-up). Photo: © 2018 Neal Kramer","Hedera canariensis (Algerian ivy) growth habit (young plant). Photo: © 2018 Neal Kramer","Hedera canariensis (Algerian ivy) inflorescence. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Hedera canariensis (Algerian ivy) is a perennial woody vine (family Araliaceae) that is native to the Canary Islands and the Mediterranean coast of North Africa. It is found throughout California along the coast, and is less widespread than its close relative English ivy. Algerian ivy grows vigorously in forests where nothing else seems able to compete and inhibits regeneration of understory plants, including forest wildflowers and new trees and shrubs.
67198https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/hedera-helix-profile/Hedera helix English ivy High4023 125 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Hedera-helix_English-ivy_JM-DiTomaso_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Hedera-helix_leaf-blade-base-and-petiole_RonVanderhoff.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Hedera-helix_leaves-and-stem_JoeDiTomaso.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Hedera-helix_seedlings_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Hedera-helix_growth-habit_ZoyaAkulova.jpg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Hedera helix (English ivy) leaf blade (base) and petiole. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Hedera helix (English ivy) leaves and stem. Photo: Joe DiTomaso","Hedera helix (English ivy) seedlings. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Hedera helix (English ivy) growth habit. Photo: Zoya Akulova" Hedera helix (English ivy) is a perennial evergreen woody vine (family Araliaceae). It is found throughout California along the coast, as well as in Shasta and Butte Counties. English ivy grows vigorously in forests where nothing else seems able to compete and inhibits regeneration of understory plants, including forest wildflowers and new trees and shrubs. It is native to most of Europe and western Asia.
70867https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/helianthus-tuberosus-profile/Helianthus tuberosus Jerusalem artichoke Watch8486 8486 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Helianthus-tuberosus_Nick-Kurzenko.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Helianthus-tuberosus_flower-head_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Helianthus-tuberosus_flower-heads-leaves-and-stem_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Helianthus-tuberosus_growth-habit_KeirMorse.jpeg" "Photo: Nick Kurzenko","Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke) flower head. Photo: Keir Morse","Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke) flower heads, leaves and stem. Photo: Keir Morse ","Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke) growth habit. Photo: Keir Morse" Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke) is a perennial herb/ (family Asteraceae) with yellow flowers and oval shaped leaves found in the San Francisco Bay area and south coast ranges of California. It is native to eastern North America. It favors grasslands, woodlands, and riparian and bottomland habitat. It reproduces via seeds and tubers. Birds are the main source of seed dispersal.
67200https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/helichrysum-petiolare-profile/Helichrysum petiolare licorice plant Limited8487 126 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Helichrysum-petiolare_licorice-plant_JM-DiTomaso_cropped-2.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Helichrysum-petiolare_licorice-plant_JM-DiTomaso_cropped-1.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Helichrysum-petiolare_leaves_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Helichrysum-petiolare_growth-habit_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Helichrysum petiolare (licorice plant) inflorescence. Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Helichrysum petiolare (licorice plant) leaves. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Helichrysum petiolare (licorice plant) growth habit. Photo: Zoya Akulova" Helichrysum petiolare (licorice plant) is shrub (family Asteraceae) found in forested areas and coastal scrub on the central coast, including the southern side of Mt. Tamalpais and the Monterey Peninsula. Licorice plant is a landscape ornamental that has escaped cultivation, invading undisturbed habitats. It reproduces by seed and vegetatively from stem fragments. The extent of its impacts are unknown, but it can grow to form dense stands that may crowd out native plants. Licorice plant has been growing outside of cultivation for several decades, but these naturalized populations do not appear to spread very rapidly.
70868https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/heliotropium-amplexicaule-profile/Heliotropium amplexicaule clasping heliotrope Watch4058 4058 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Heliotropium-amplexicaule_C071-11.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Heliotropium-amplexicaule_flowers_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Heliotropium-amplexicaule_growth-habit_EricWrubel.jpeg" "Photo: UC Davis Weeds of California","Heliotropium amplexicaule (clasping heliotrope) flowers. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Heliotropium amplexicaule (clasping heliotrope) growth habit. Photo: Eric Wrubel" Heliotropium amplexicaule (clasping heliotrope) is a perennial herb/ (family Boraginaceae) with purple flowers and narrow leaves found in the San Francisco Bay area, south coast and desert ranges of California. It is native to Argentina. It occurs in grasslands. It spreads via seeds and root fragments. The sticky seeds can be dispersed by animals, water and machinery.
67295https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/picris-echioides-profile/Helminthotheca echioidesPicris echioides; Helminthia echioides bristly ox-tongue; bugloss; bugloss-picris Limited10921 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Helminthotheca-echioides_bristly-oxtongue_JK-Clark_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Helminthotheca-echioides_achenes_copyright-2007_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Helminthotheca-echioides_flower-head-side-view_copyright-2007_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Helminthotheca-echioides_leaves-rosette_copyright-2007_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Helminthotheca-echioides_flower-heads_RonVanderhoff.jpeg" "Photo: JK Clark","Helminthotheca echioides (bristly ox-tongue) achenes. Photo: © 2007 Neal Kramer","Helminthotheca echioides (bristly ox-tongue) flower head (side view). Photo: © 2007 Neal Kramer","Helminthotheca echioides (bristly ox-tongue) leaves (rosette). Photo: © 2007 Neal Kramer","Helminthotheca echioides (bristly ox-tongue) flower heads. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Helminthotheca echioides (bristly oxtongue) is a winter or summer annual, or occasionally a biennial (family Asteraceae) that is native to the Mediterranean region of Europe, northern Africa, and western Asia. It has been introduced into many parts of the world, including other parts of Europe, Australia, New Zealand, North America, South America, and South Africa. In the United State, it is most common in California, where it is found especially along the coast and in the Central Valley and on clay and alkaline soils. Bristly oxtongue has a sprawling habit and leaves with thick, often hooked hairs with swollen bases, given leaves a warty appearance. Flower heads are subtended by four bristly bracts; flower color is yellow.  This plant is most commonly found in agricultural and disturbed sites, where it can outcompete other vegetation.
70869https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/heracleum-mantegazzianum-profile/Heracleum mantegazzianum giant hogweed WatchA 13664 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Heracleum-mantegazzianum_Fritz-Geller-Grimm-Wikimedia.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Heracleum-mantegazzianum_flowers_BillMoses.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Heracleum-mantegazzianum_growth-habit_BillMoses.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Heracleum-mantegazzianum_seed_BillMoses.jpeg" "Photo: Fritz Geller-Grimm","Heracleum mantegazzianum (giant hogweed) flowers. Photo: Bill Moses","Heracleum mantegazzianum (giant hogweed) growth habit. Photo: Bill Moses","Heracleum mantegazzianum (giant hogweed) seed. Photo: Bill Moses" Heracleum mantegazzianum (giant hogweed) is a herb/ (family Apiaceae) with white flowers and large toothed leaves found in the northwestern ranges of Oregon. It is native to central Asia. It favors grasslands and riparian and bottomland habitat. It reproduces only by seed. Seeds fall within 13 feet of the parent plant and can be carried by water and wind. Sticky seeds attach on to humans, animals and machinery.
95836https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/hieracium-aurantiacum-plant-profile/Hieracium aurantiacumPilosella aurantiacum orange hawkweed WatchB4186 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Hieracium-aurantiacum_JeanPawek_cropped.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Hieracium-aurantiacum_flower-head-full-flower_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Hieracium-aurantiacum_flower-head-pre-flower-and-releasing-achenes_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Hieracium-aurantiacum_leaves_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg" "Photo: Jean Pawek","Hieracium aurantiacum (orange hawkweed) flower head (full flower). Photo: Keir Morse","Hieracium aurantiacum (orange hawkweed) flower head (pre-flower and releasing achenes). Photo: Zoya Akulova","Hieracium aurantiacum (orange hawkweed) leaves. Photo: Zoya Akulova" Hieracium aurantiacum (Orange hawkweed) is an herbaceous perennial forb that reproduces by seed, rhizomes, and stolons. It is native to northern and central Europe and is common along roadsides, meadows and in forest understories. Once established, Hieracium aurantiacum can spread quickly, excluding native species. It was introduced in 1875 to the US in Vermont as a garden ornamental, was marketed for its attractive orange flowers for a long period, and has since repeatedly escaped cultivation. This plant is listed as a noxious weed in the western US in Colorado, Idaho, Oregon, Montana, and Washington.
67204https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/hirschfeldia-incana-profile/Hirschfeldia incanaBrassica geniculata, Sinapsis geniculata, Sinapsis incana short-pod mustard; Mediterranean mustard; summer mustard; Greek mustard Moderate4196 127 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Hirschfeldia-incana_shortpod-mustard_flower_-M-JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Hirschfeldia-incana_flowers_copyright-2008_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Hirschfeldia-incana_seed-pods_copyright-2008_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Hirschfeldia-incana_growth-form_copyright-2014_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Hirschfeldia incana (short-pod mustard) flowers. Photo: © 2008 Neal Kramer","Hirschfeldia incana (short-pod mustard) seed pods. Photo: © 2008 Neal Kramer","Hirschfeldia incana (short-pod mustard) growth habit. Photo: © 2014 Neal Kramer" Hirschfeldia incana (short-pod mustard, summer mustard) is a biennial or short-lived perennial forb (family Brassicaceae) that is native to the Mediterranean. It is shorter in stature than black mustard (<40 dm) and highly branched, with soft-haired, pinnately-lobed leaves, yellow flowers, and short (<1.7 cm) seed pods that are appressed to stems. Short-pod mustard can suppress native vegetation through rapid growth and shading and flourishes in disturbed conditions and recently burned lands. It occurs on roadsides and other disturbed habitat, in shrublands, and in grasslands.
67206https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/holcus-lanatus-profile/Holcus lanatus common velvet grass; Yorkshire fog Moderate4201 28 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Holcus-lanatus_common-velvet-grass_Barry-Breckling_cropped.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Holcus-lanatus_common-velvet-grass-leaf-sheath_Trent-Draper_cropped.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Holcus-lanatus_common-velvet-grass_Trent-Draper_cropped.jpeg" "Photo: Barry Breckling","Holcus lanatus (common velvet grass) leaf sheath. Photo: Trent Draper","Holcus lanatus (common velvet grass) immature inflorescence. Photo: Trent Draper" Holcus lanatus (common velvet grass) is a tufted perennial grass (family Poaceae) that is native Europe, western Asia, northwestern Africa, and the Canary Islands. It is naturalized across most of North America and most commonly grows in moist meadows and pastures.  Plants have soft, hairy leaves and stems, an erect stature, and compact panicles that can reach up to 15 cm in length. Flowers are self-fertile and spikelets are commonly 2-flowered.  Common velvet grass plants are prolific seed producers and can also reproduce via tillers.  They can establish monocultures that exclude other species, show evidence of allelopathic properties, and can grow in a variety of habitats, including in poorly drained, low nutrient soils.
67208https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/hordeum-marinum-profile/Hordeum marinumH. marinum ssp. gussoneanum, H. geniculatum, H. gussoneanum. H. hystrix, Critesion geniculatum, C. hystrix, C. marinum Mediterranean barley; seaside barley Moderate4224 29 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Hordeum-marinum_Mediterranean-barley_-JM-Di-Tomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Hordeum-marinum_flower-spikes_copyright-2009_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Hordeum marinum (Mediterranean barley) flower spikes. Photo: © 2009 Neal Kramer" Hordeum marinum (Mediterranean barley) is a low-statured annual grass (family Poaceae) that is native to the Mediterranean and is commonly found in disturbed sites.  It can outcompete other low-statured native plants and leaves behind a persistent thatch. Mediterranean barley occupies slightly wetter, more saline, and alkaline habitats than Hordeum murinum (hare barley). It can be distinguished from H. murinum by having generally shorter leaves with more hairy leaf sheathes, and shorter lemmas and awns on spikelets.
71212https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/horderum-murinum-profile/Hordeum murinumHordeum leporinum, Hordeum glaucum Steud., Hordeum stebbinsii Covas hare barley, foxtail, wild barley, wall barley, smooth barley Moderate4225 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Hordeum-murinum-ssp.-leporinum_Hare-barley_Joseph-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Hordeum-murinum_flower-spike_copyright-2010_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Hordeum-murinum_growth-form_copyright-2009_NealKramer-1.jpeg" "Photo: Joesph DiTomaso","Hordeum murinum (hare barley) flower spike. Photo: © 2010 Neal Kramer","Hordeum murinum (hare barley) growth form. Photo: © 2009 Neal Kramer" Hordeum murinum (hare barley or foxtail) is an annual grass (family Poaceae) that is native to the Mediterranean, northern Africa, and temperate Asia. It is characterized by having a low stature (<=10 cm), inflorescences with long awns, and spikelets (each containing three florets) that disarticulate when they mature. Hare barely is common throughout California in disturbed areas and can persist even with frequent mowing by growing nearly flat. It can outcompete native perennials by growing into bare areas and prohibiting their establishment, is salt tolerant, and may increase fire risk by adding fine fuels. Spikelets can lodge in nasal passages, throats etc. of animals. Hare barley may have arrived in California with Spanish settlers and is more common than its near relative, Mediterranean barley (Hordeum marinum) in disturbed, dry upland areas.
67210https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/hydrilla-verticillata-profile/Hydrilla verticillataHottonia serrata, Hydrilla angustifolia, Hydrilla dentata, Hydrilla lithuanica, Hydrilla ovalifolia, Hydrilla wightii, Leptanthes verticillatus, Serpicula verticillata, Vallisneria verticillata, Elodea verticillata Hydrilla; water thyme; Florida Elodea HighA*4279 77 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Hydrilla-verticillata_Hydrilla_John-Madsen_cropped-scaled.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Hydrilla-verticillata_leaves-with-saw-tooth-edge_copyright2001_DeanKelchCDFA.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Hydrilla-verticillata_leaves-stems-and-reproductive-buds_copyright2001_DeanKelchCDFA.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Hydrilla-verticillata_whole-plant-with-tuber_copyright2001_FredHrusaCDFA.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Hydrilla-verticillata_infestation_copyright2001_FredHrusaCDFA.jpeg" "Photo: John Madsen","Hydrilla verticillata (Hydrilla) leaves with saw-tooth edge. Photo: © 2001 Dean Kelch, CDFA","Hydrilla verticillata (Hydrilla) leaves, stems, and reproductive buds. Photo: © 2001 Dean Kelch, CDFA","Hydrilla verticillata (Hydrilla) whole plant with tuber. Photo: © 2001 Fred Hrusa, CDFA","Hydrilla verticillata (Hydrilla) infestation. Photo: © 2001 Fred Hrusa, CDFA" Hydrilla verticillata (Hydrilla) is a perennial aquatic plant (family Hydrocharitaceae). It has been observed in the Mojave and Colorado deserts, south and central coasts, San Francisco Bay Area, and Central Valley. Currently, isolated infestations of Hydrilla are found in Shasta, Yuba, Lake, Calaveras, Madera, Mariposa, and Imperial counties. Hydrilla forms large mats that fill the water column and can block or severely restrict water flow.
70870https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/hyparrhenia-hirta-profile/Hyparrhenia hirta Tambookie grass Watch4306 4306 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Hyparrhenia-hirta_Steve-Matson.jpeg" "Photo by Steve Matson" Hyparrhenia hirta (Tambookie grass) is a perennial grass (family Poaceae) that can grow to be more than 3 feet tall and grows tiny yellow flowers at its tip. It is found in the south coast ranges of California. It is native to Eurasia and Africa. It favors grasslands and scrub and chaparral habitat. It reproduces by seed. Animals, wind and water may disperse this plant short distances. It spreads more rapidly along roads than away from roads suggesting seeds are dispersed by vehicles.
70871https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/hypericum-androsaemum-profile/Hypericum androsaemum sweet-amber Watch8601 8601 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Hypericum-androsaemum_Nova-Wikimedia.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Hypericum-androsaemum_flower-and-fruit_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Hypericum-androsaemum_seeds_JeanPawek.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Hypericum-androsaemum_growth-habit_JeanPawek.jpeg" "Photo: Wikimedia","Hypericum androsaemum (sweet-amber) flower and fruit. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Hypericum androsaemum (sweet-amber) seeds. Photo: Jean Pawek","Hypericum androsaemum (sweet-amber) growth habit. Photo: Jean Pawek" Hypericum androsaemum (sweet-amber) is a shrub (family Clusiaceae) with yellow flowers and oval shaped leaves found in the San Francisco Bay area in California. It is native to Europe and western Asia. It favors woodlands, forests and riparian and bottomland habitat. It reproduces by seed. Animals, water, mud and machinery can disperse this plant.
67212https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/hypericum-canariense-profile/Hypericum canarienseHypericum floribundum Canary Island St. Johnswort; Grenadillo ModerateB*4308 78 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Hypericum_canariense_JDiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Hypericum-canariense_infestation_RonVanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Hypericum-canariense_leaves-and-flowers_RonVanderhoff.jpg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Hypericum canariense (Canary Island St. Johnswort) infestation. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Hypericum canariense (Canary Island St. Johnswort) leaves and flowers. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Hypericum canariense (Canary Island Hypericum) is a rhizomatous perennial shrub (family Clusiaceae) found on the central and south coast of California and in the southern San Francisco Bay region. Canary Island Hypericum infests disturbed areas, especially in coastal sage scrub and grassland habitats. This ornamental shrub forms dense stands that exclude native species. It is not yet widespread, but its prolific seed production makes rapid spread possible.
70872https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/hypericum-grandifolium-profile/Hypericum grandifolium large-leaved Hypericum Watch11142 11142 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Hypericum-grandifolium_Eric-Wrubel_NPS.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Hypericum-grandifolium_leaves-stem-and-flowers_EricWrubel.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Hypericum-grandifolium_growth-habit_EricWrubel.jpg" "Photo: Eric Wrubel, NPS","Hypericum grandifolium (large-leaved Hypericum) leaves, stem, and flowers. Photo: Eric Wrubel","Hypericum grandifolium (large-leaved Hypericum) growth habit. Photo: Eric Wrubel" Hypericum grandifolium (large-leaved Hypericum) is a shrub (family Clusiaceae) with yellow flowers and oval-shaped leaves found in the San Francisco Bay area in California. It is native to Madeira and the Canary Islands. It grows in woodlands. It spreads via rhizomes and seeds. Its seeds are buoyant and can be carried by water.
67214https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/hypericum-perforatum-profile/Hypericum perforatum St. John's wort; klamathweed; tipton weed; goatweed LimitedC*4312 79 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Hypericum-perforatum_common-St.-Johnswort_flower_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Hypericum-perforatum_flowers_copyright-2015_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Hypericum-perforatum_fruits_copyright-2015_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Hypericum-perforatum_leaf-detail_copyright-2015_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Lake Tahoe Basin Weed Coordinating Group","Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort) flowers. Photo: © 2015 Neal Kramer","Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort) fruits. Photo: © 2015 Neal Kramer","Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort) leaf detail. Photo: © 2015 Neal Kramer" Hypericum perforatum (common St. Johnswort, klamathweed) is a perennial plant (family Clusiaceae) grown for medicinal use, but it can be toxic to light colored livestock when consumed in large quantities. By 1940, more than 1 million hectares of California were infested by St. Johnswort, but biological control agents have eliminated most populations below 1500 m elevation.
67216https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/hypochaeris-glabra-profile/Hypochaeris glabra smooth cat's-ear Limited4313 176 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Hypochaeris-glabra_smooth-catsear_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Hypochaeris-glabra_achenes_copyright-2009_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Hypochaeris-glabra_flower-head_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Hypochaeris-glabra_leaf-close-up_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Hypochaeris-glabra_growth-habit_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Hypochaeris glabra (smooth cat's-ear) achenes. Photo: © 2009 Neal Kramer","Hypochaeris glabra (smooth cat's-ear) flower head. Photo: Keir Morse","Hypochaeris glabra (smooth cat's-ear) leaf (close-up). Photo: Zoya Akulova","Hypochaeris glabra (smooth cat's-ear) growth habit. Photo: Zoya Akulova" Hypochaeris glabra (smooth cat\'s-ear) is an annual flowering herb (family Asteraceae) found throughout California, except in the Great Basin and desert. It is native to Europe. Smooth cat\'s-ear prefers disturbed places, such as roadsides, orchards and landscaped areas, as well as grasslands, woodland and scrub. It is commonly found in overgrazed rangeland. The yellow flowers of smooth cat\'s-ear look similar to dandelion flowers, and produce seeds that are dispersed by the wind, soil movement, and by clinging to animals and humans. Cultivation can be used to control smooth cat\'s-ear, but grazing, mowing or burning can encourage growth and seed germination. Although smooth cat\'s-ear is widespread, its impacts appear to be relatively minor.
67218https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/hypochaeris-radicata-profile/Hypochaeris radicata rough cat's-ear; false dandelion Moderate4314 177 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Hypochaeris-radicata_common-catsear_flower_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Hypochaeris-radicata_achenes_copyright-2007_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Hypochaeris-radicata_flower-heads_copyright-2019_NealKramer.jpg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Hypochaeris radicata (rough cat's ear) achenes. Photo: © 2007 Neal Kramer","Hypochaeris radicata (rough cat's ear) flower heads. Photo: © 2019 Neal Kramer" Hypochaeris radicata (rough cat\'s-ear, hairy dandelion) is a perennial herb/forb (family Asteraceae) that is native to Europe. It is a weed of disturbed sites across a wide range of habitats in California and can invade intact coastal terrace prairie and scrub communities, where observations suggest it displaces natives. Plants are characterized by having perennial habit, more highly toothed/lobed leaves, larger flower heads, and only one fruit shape (an achene with a long, thin beak), compared to its non-native congener, H. glabra.  Achenes are wind blown and can spread easily.
67220https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/ilex-aquifolium-profile/Ilex aquifolium English holly Limited4317 80 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ilex-aquifolium_English-Holly_stem-with-fruit-M_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ilex-aquifolium_leafab-and-adaxial-side_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ilex-aquifolium_seed-and-fruit_JeanPawek.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Ilex aquifolium (English holly) leaf (ab- and adaxial side). Photo: Zoya Akulova","Ilex aquifolium (English holly) seed and fruit. Photo: Jean Pawek"

Ilex aquifolium (English holly) is an evergreen shrub or small tree (family Aquifoliaceae) found in the North Coast Ranges, San Francisco Bay region and central coast of California. English Holly is commonly sold as an ornamental plant used for landscaping and Christmas decorations. The plant has escaped cultivation and invaded moist forested areas throughout the west coast. English holly is slow-growing and may be controlled by removing plants before they start producing seed, 5-12 years after germination.

128371https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/impatiens-glandulifera-profile/Impatiens glanduliferaBalsamina glandulifera, Balsamina macrochila, Balsamina roylei, Impatiens candida, Impatiens cornigera, Impatiens glanduligera, Impatiens macrochila, Impatiens moschata, Impatiens royleana Himalayan balsam, ornamental jewelweed, Indian balsam, policeman's-helmet Watch10013 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Impatiens-glandulifera_AsaSpade_CC-BY-NC-4.0_Calflora.jpg","" "Photo: Asa Spade","" Impatiens glandulifera (Himalayan balsam) is a succulent annual that is native to the Himalayas and introduced into many other temperate regions. It was introduced into Europe and likely North America as an ornamental but has naturalized and spread quickly since then across much of its introduced range. Its stems are flesh, leaves are simple, hairless, have serrated edges, and an unpleasant odor. Flowers are pendulous, bee pollinated, and range in color from white to dark pink. Seeds are released explosively from capsules. Long-distance dispersal is primarily via waterways and contaminated materials. This species grows quickly and competes primarily with other taller understory riparian plant species, displacing them over time. Its rapid spread and effect on native understory cover contribute to its assessment as a a high risk for future invasion.
70873https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/ipomoea-indica-profile/Ipomoea indica blue morning glory Watch9549 9549 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ipomoea-indica_C106-11.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ipomoea-indica_flowers-and-leaves_copyright-2012_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: UC Davis Weeds of California","Ipomoea indica (blue morningglory) flowers and leaves. Photo: © 2012 Neal Kramer" Ipomoea indica (blue morning glory) is a vine (family Convolvulaceae) with blue-purple flowers and lobed to oval-shaped leaves found in the San Francisco Bay area and the central and south coast ranges of California. It is native to the southeastern United States. It favors riparian and bottomland habitat. It reproduces vegetatively via root fragments and can sometimes also produce seed. Stems resprout vigorously when cut. Stem fragments are commonly spread by water, animals and in dumped garden waste.
67222https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/iris-pseudacorus-profile/Iris pseudacorusIris acoriformis, Iris bastardi, Iris curtopetala, Iris lutea, Iris paludosa yellowflag Iris; pale yellow Iris LimitedB4358 81 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Iris-pseudacorus_yellowflag-iris-flower_-JM-Di-Tomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Iris-pseudacorus_yellowflag-iris-flowers_BobCase_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Iris-pseudacorus_yellowflag-iris_Bob-Case_cropped-scaled.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Iris-pseudacorus_seed-pods_RonVanderhoff.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Iris pseudacorus (yellowflag Iris) flowers. Photo: Bob Case","Iris pseudacorus (yellowflag Iris) infestation. Photo: Bob Case","Iris pseudacorus (yellowflag Iris) seed pods. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Iris pseudacorus (yellowflag Iris) (family Iridaceae) invades wetlands and meadows along coastal California and some inland counties. Iris pseudacorus is a fast-growing and rapidly-spreading invasive plant that can out-compete other wetland plants, forming almost impenetrable thickets, in much the same way as cattails do.
67224https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/isatis-tinctoria-profile/Isatis tinctoria dyer's woad Moderate-*4364 31 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Isatis-tinctoria_Dyers-woad_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Isatis-tinctoria_Dyers-Woad_growth-habitBobCase-scaled.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Isatis-tinctoria_DyersWoad_inflorescense_BobCase-scaled.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Isatis-tinctoria_seed-pods_copyright-2009_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Isatis tinctoria (dyer's woad) growth habit. Photo: Bob Case","Isatis tinctoria (dyer's woad) inflorescence. Photo: Bob Case","Isatis tinctoria (dyer's woad) seed pods. Photo: © 2009 Neal Kramer" Isatis tinctoria (dyer\'s woad) is a winter biennial or short-lived annual herb/forb (family Brassicaceae). Plants are highly competitive and often grow in dense colonies. It can be found distributed among the Klamath, Cascade, and North Coast Ranges, northern & central Sierra Nevada, Modoc Plateau, and northern San Francisco Bay region. Dyer\'s woad is a noxious weed of rangeland, agronomic crops, and undisturbed natural areas.
70874https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/kniphofia-uvaria-profile/Kniphofia uvaria redhot poker Watch8635 8635 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Kniphofia-uvaria-by-Toby-Hudson.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Kniphofia-uvaria_flowers_copyright-2009_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Toby Hudson","Kniphofia uvaria (redhot poker) flowers. Photo: © 2009 Neal Kramer" Kniphofia uvaria (redhot poker) is a perennial herb/ (family Liliaceae) with red to yellow flowers and long narrow grasslike leaves found in the coastal ranges of California. It is native to South Africa. It favors bog and marsh, riparian and bottomland, and scrub and chaparral habitats. It produces seeds and spreads by rhizomes. The seeds are dispersed by wind.
67226https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/kochia-scoparia-profile/Kochia scopariaBassia scoparia, Bassia sieversiana, Chenopodium scoparia, Kochia alata, Kochia parodii, Kochia sieversiana, Kochia trichophila, Kochia virgata Kochia; belvedere; belvedere-cypress; fireball; fireweed; Mexican burningbush; mock cypress Limited4537 178 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Kochia-scoparia_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Kochia-scoparia_flowers_JeanPawek.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Kochia-scoparia_leaves_copyright2001_FredHrusaCDFA.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Kochia-scoparia_growth-habit_JeanPawek.jpg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Kochia scoparia (Kochia) flowers. Photo: Jean Pawek","Kochia scoparia (Kochia) leaves. Photo: © 2001 Fred Hrusa, CDFA","Kochia scoparia (Kochia) growth habit. Photo: Jean Pawek" Kochia scoparia (Kochia) is a summer annual forb/herb (Family Chenopodiaceae) found most commonly on saline soils of California\'s Central Valley, southern desert, and coastal growing areas.
70875https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/lantana-camara-profile/Lantana camara Lantana Watch4566 4566 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Lantana-camara_Neal-Kramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Lantana-camara_flowers_copyright-2015_-NealKramer.jpg" "Photo: Neal Kramer","Lantana camara (Lantana) flowers. Photo: © 2015 Neal Kramer" Lantana camara (lantana) is a shrub (family Verbenaceae) with a multicolored cluster of flowers and fragrant oval-shaped leaves found in the central and south coast ranges of California. It is native to the Caribbean. It favors grasslands, woodlands, and riparian and bottomland habitat. It produces seeds and spreads through its roots. Birds, sheep, goats and water may disperse seeds.
86397https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/lathyrus-latifolius-plant-profile/Lathyrus latifoliusLathyrus megalanthus, Lathyrus membranaceus perennial sweet pea, sweet pea, everlasting pea Watch4613 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Lathyrus-latifolius_NealKramer2009_edited.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Lathyrus-latifolius_leaves-and-stem_copyright-2009_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Lathyrus-latifolius_seed-pod-immature_copyright2008_LouisMLandry.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Lathyrus-latifolius_seeds-in-seed-pod_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg" "Photo: © Neal Kramer","Lathyrus latifolius (perennial sweet pea) leaves and stem. Photo: © 2009 Neal Kramer","Lathyrus latifolius (perennial sweet pea) seed pod (immature). Photo: © 2008 Louis M. Landry","Lathyrus latifolius (perennial sweet pea) seeds in seed pod. Photo: Zoya Akulova" Perennial sweet pea (Lathyrus latifolius; Fabaceae) is an herbaceous perennial vine in the pea family that has a long history in horticulture as an ornamental. It is native to Europe, but has naturalized throughout the United States, in Australia, and beyond its historic native range, across northern Africa and southern Europe. In California, this species can create monocultures in natural areas, though it is primarily associated with ruderal (roadsides and disturbed) sites. Perennial sweet pea reproduces by seed but persists and spreads locally mostly by rhizomes (underground), making it difficult to control once established. Its leaves are alternate and pinnately divided and have winged petioles. Tendrils on leaves are branched and its stems are winged. Individual plants typically grow to 3-6\'. Perennial sweet pea is toxic to livestock.
71217https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/lepidium-chalepense-profile/Lepidium chalepenseCardaria chalepensis, Cardaria draba ssp. chalepensis, Cardaria draba ssp. repens, C. draba ver. repens, Lepidium draba var. repens, Lepidium repens lens-podded hoary cress, lens-podded whitetop, hoary cress, peppergrass; whitetop, whiteweed, cranson rampant, chalapa whitetop Moderate-*11789 7 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Lepidium-chalepense_Joseph-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Lepidium-chalepense_seeds_JeanPawek.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Lepidium-chalepense_inflorescence-with-flowers-and-fruits_JoeDiTomaso.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Lepidium-chalepense_growth-habit_JoeDiTomaso.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Lepidium chalepense (lens-podded hoary cress) seeds. Photo: Jean Pawek","Lepidium chalepense (lens-podded hoary cress) inflorescence with flowers and fruits. Photo: Joe DiTomaso","Lepidium chalepense (lens-podded hoary cress) growth habit. Photo: Joe DiTomaso" Lepidium chalepense (lens-podded whitetop) is a perennial (family Brassicaceae) that is relatively infrequent in California. Lepidium draba (hoary cress) and L. chalepense grow in the many habitats and areas of the state, except in the Mojave and Colorado deserts. However, L. draba occurs in wet and dry grasslands, scrubs, and arid areas with alkali soils and is much more common than lens-podded whitetop. Lepidium draba establishes monospecific mats that exclude most or all other herbaceous vegetation. L. chalepense forms dense infestations that crowd out forage plants in meadows and fields.
71218https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/cardaria-draba-profile/Lepidium drabaCardaria draba heart-podded hoary cress, whitetop Moderate-*10943 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Lepidium-draba_heart-podded-hoary-cress_Ron-Vanderhoff.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Lepidium-draba_flowers_Ron-Vanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Lepidium-draba_infestation_Ron-Vanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Lepidium-draba_leaves-stem-and-inflorescence_Ron-Vanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Lepidium-draba_seed-pods_copyright-2001_CDFA.jpeg" "Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Lepidium draba (heart-podded hoary cress) flowers. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Lepidium draba (heart-podded hoary cress) infestation. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Lepidium draba (heart-podded hoary cress) leaves, stem, and inflorescence. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Lepidium draba (heart-podded hoary cress) seed pods. Photo: © 2001 CDFA" Lepidium draba (hoary cress) is a perennial herb (family Brassicaceae) found most commonly in riparian areas and marshes of the central coast of California. It is also found in the southwestern region of the state, the Sacramento Valley, and the Klamath Range, where it is very invasive. This plant quickly colonizes disturbed sites, irrigated agricultural fields, roadsides and ditches. Hoary cress reproduces by seed and vegetatively from its extensive root system. Plants may resprout from small root fragments, especially where the soil is moist. Hoary cress also spreads rapidly due to its prolific seed production, but extensive control efforts have decreased the rate of spread in recent years.
67228https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/lepidium-latifolium-profile/Lepidium latifoliumCardaria latifolia (L.) Spach perennial pepperweed; tall whitetop; broadleaved pepperweed High-*4691 82 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Lepidium-latifolium_perennial-pepperweed_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Lepidium-latifolium_flower_copyright-2021_CDFA.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Lepidium-latifolium_growth-habit_copyright-2021_CDFA.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Lepidium latifolium (perennial pepperweed) flower. Photo: © 2021 CDFA","Lepidium latifolium (perennial pepperweed) growth habit. Photo: © 2021 CDFA" Lepidium latifolium (perennial pepperweed, tall whitetop) is a perennial herb (family Brassicaceae) that is native to Eurasia and found in moist or seasonally wet sites throughout California. Perennial pepperweed grows very aggressively, forming dense colonies that exclude native species. It reproduces both by seed and vegetatively from its roots and small root fragments. Seeds and root fragments are spread easily by flooding and soil movement, and seeds stick to tires, shoes, and animals, making continued dispersion difficult to avoid. Perennial pepperweed also increases soil salinity, reducing germination of many desirable species. It is a state-listed noxious weed in California and many other western states.
70876https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/leptospermum-laevigatum-profile/Leptospermum laevigatum Australian tea tree Watch4727 233 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Leptospermum-laevigatum_Neal-Kramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Leptospermum-laevigatum_flowers-and-leaves_copyright-2013_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Leptospermum-laevigatum_fruits_copyright2008_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Neal Kramer","Leptospermum laevigatum (Australian tea tree) flowers and leaves. Photo: © 2013 Neal Kramer","Leptospermum laevigatum (Australian tea tree) fruits. Photo: © 2008 Neal Kramer" Leptospermum laevigatum (Australian tea tree) is a shrub (family Myrtaceae) with white flowers and narrow leaves found in the San Francisco Bay area and central and south coast ranges of California. It is native to southeastern Australia. It grows in dunes. Its seeds are spread via wind, vehicles, soil movement, water and dumped garden waste.
67230https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/leucanthemum-vulgare-profile/Leucanthemum vulgareChrysanthemum leucanthemum ox-eye daisy; dog daisy; margriet; marguerite daisy; moon daisy; white daisy; yellow daisy; Moderate4759 32 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Leucanthemum_vulgare.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Leucanthemum-vulgare_flower-head_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Leucanthemum-vulgare_leaves-and-stem_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Leucanthemum-vulgare_phyllaries_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Leucanthemum-vulgare_seedling_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Leucanthemum-vulgare_fruitsseeds_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg" "","Leucanthemum vulgare (ox-eye daisy) flower head. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Leucanthemum vulgare (ox-eye daisy) leaves and stem. Photo: Keir Morse","Leucanthemum vulgare (ox-eye daisy) phyllaries. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Leucanthemum vulgare (ox-eye daisy) seedling. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Leucanthemum vulgare (ox-eye daisy) fruits (seeds). Photo: Zoya Akulova " Leucanthemum vulgare (ox-eye daisy) is a perennial forb/herb (family Asteraceae). It is commonly sold at nurseries. Ox-eye daisy is found in both the North Coast Range and northern Sierra Nevada from sea level bluffs and canyons to alpine mountain meadows at 7,000 feet (2200 m), and from central California to Oregon. Ox-eye daisy displaces native plant species, growing so densely it excludes other vegetation. It is not known to be used as a good forage by animals. While not considered poisonous to cows, it does impart a disagreeable taste to their milk.
70616https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/ligustrum-lucidum-profile/Ligustrum lucidumEsquirolia sinensis; Ligustrum compactum var. latifolium; Ligustrum esquirolii glossy privet; broad-leaved privet; tree privet Limited8656 8656 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ligustrum-lucidum_C115-02.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ligustrum-lucidum_flowers_EricWrubel.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ligustrum-lucidum_fruits-and-leaves_RonVanderhoff.jpeg" "Photo: UC Davis Weeds of California","Ligustrum lucidum (glossy privet) flowers. Photo: Eric Wrubel","Ligustrum lucidum (glossy privet) fruits and leaves. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Ligustrum lucidum (glossy privet) is a shrub/tree (family Oleaceae) with white flowers and shiny oval-shaped leaves found in the San Francisco Bay area, Sacramento Valley, coastal ranges and southwestern ranges of California. It is native to China, Japan and Korea. It favors grasslands, woodlands and riparian and bottomland habitat. It spreads via seeds and root suckers. Means of dispersal include birds, water and dumped garden waste.
67232https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/limnobium-laevigatum-profile/Limnobium spongiaLimnobium laevigatum South American spongeplant; West Indian spongeplant High-*10623 8599 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Limnobium_laevigatum-e1508437029782.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Limnobium-spongia_growth-habit-young_JoeDiTomaso.jpeg" "Photo by: CDFA","Limnobium spongia (South American spongeplant) growth habit (young). Photo: Joe DiTomaso" Limnobium spongia (South American spongeplant) is a perennial aquatic plant (family Hydrocharitaceae) found on the San Joaquin river and the Sacramento-San Joaquin delta. The spongeplant can form thick mats across the water causing problems for boats, fish, and water infrastructure. Limnobium spongia can spread rapidly through quick seed production and vegetative growth. The small, floating seeds easily disperse once produced.
70618https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/limonium-duriusculum-profile/Limonium duriusculumStatice companyonis; Limonium thiniense; Limonium duriusculum subsp. companyonis; Limonium duriusculum subsp. thiniense European sea lavender ModerateB11803 11803 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Limonium-duriusculum_Ron-Vanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Limonium-duriusculum_flowers_RonVanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Limonium-duriusculum_growth-habit_RonVanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Limonium-duriusculum_infestation_RonVanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Limonium-duriusculum_rosette_RonVanderhoff.jpeg" "Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Limonium duriusculum (European sea lavender) flowers. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Limonium duriusculum (European sea lavender) growth habit. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Limonium duriusculum (European sea lavender) infestation. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Limonium duriusculum (European sea lavender) rosette. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Limonium duriusculum (European sea lavender) is a perennial herb (family Plumbaginaceae) with tiny purple flowers and oval-shaped leaves found primarily in the San Francisco Bay area and central and south coast of California. Populations extend into the coast ranges. Limonium duriusculum is similar to another co-occurring, non-native sea lavender (L. ramosissimum) but can be differentiated by its obovate, blunt-tipped leaves and less compactly-arranged flowers. Intermediate forms have been found in the SF Bay area. It is native to the Mediterranean and favors marshes, scrub and chaparral, and riparian and bottomland habitat. It spreads via seed. Human activities and water help disperse the seeds.
67234https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/limonium-ramosissimum-profile/Limonium ramosissimum Algerian sea lavender LimitedB8670 9147 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Limonium_ramosissium-e1508441001968.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Limonium-ramosissimum_growth-habit_DanaMorawitz.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Limonium-ramosissimum_flowers_RonVanderhoff.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Limonium-ramosissimum_leaves-and-inflorescence_RonVanderhoff.jpg" "Photo courtesy of Margo Bors","Limonium ramosissimum (Algerian sea lavender) growth habit. Photo: Dana Morawitz","Limonium ramosissimum (Algerian sea lavender) flowers. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Limonium ramosissimum (Algerian sea lavender) leaves and inflorescence. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Limonium ramosissimum (Algerian sea lavender) is a perennial plant (family Plumbaginaceae) that can be found in the San Francisco Bay, Carpinteria marsh (Santa Barbara County), Orange County, and San Diego County. Historic records include Riverside County as well. It is an ornamental escape that is native to the coastal Mediterranean and can grow in coastal marshes as well as inland wetlands. This species reproduces by seeds that can retain the ability to germinate after two weeks floating in salt water. It was previously listed as the \"provinciale\" in our Inventory but its subspecific identity is unclear and many collections recorded across California are not associated with subspecies. In both the SF Bay and southern California, Limonium ramosissimum co-occurs with another closely related invasive sea lavender, Limonium duriusculum.
71222https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/linaria-dalmatica-ssp-dalmatica-profile/Linaria dalmatica ssp. dalmaticaLinaria genistifolia ssp. dalmatica, Linaria dalmatica, Linaria dalmatica ssp. dalmatica, Antirrhimum dalmaticum Dalmatian toadflax, broad-leaved toadflax, wild snapdragon Moderate-*11806 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Linaria-dalmatica-ssp.-dalmatica_Dalmatian-toadflax_Joseph-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Linaria-dalmatica_dalmatian-toadflax_flowers_Bob-Case_cropped-scaled.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Linaria-dalmatica_dalmatian-toadflax_Bob-Case_cropped-scaled.jpg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Linaria dalmatica (dalmatian toadflax) flowers. Photo: Bob Case","Linaria dalmatica (dalmatian toadflax) leaves and stems. Photo: Bob Case" Linaria dalmatica ssp. dalmatica (Dalmatian toadflax) is an herbaceous perennial that was introduced as an ornamental (Plantaginaceae Family). It can be found in disturbed open sites, fields, pastures, degraded rangelands, roadsides, agronomic and perennial crops. This weed is most commonly found in northern California, but can sporadically occur in other areas. Infestations often form large colonies, displacing desirable vegetation.
67238https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/linaria-vulgaris-profile/Linaria vulgaris yellow toadflax; butter and eggs; common linaria; common toadflax; wild snapdragon Moderate4901 34 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Linaria-vulgaris_yellow-toadflax_-JM-Di-Tomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Linaria-vulgaris_yellow-toadflax_Bob-Case_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Linaria-vulgaris_infestation_copyright_2009_Neal_Kramer.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Linaria vulgaris (yellow toadflax) flower. Photo: Bob Case","Linaria vulgaris (yellow toadflax) infestation. Photo: © 2009 Neal Kramer" Linaria vulgaris (yellow toadflax, butter and eggs) is an herbaceous perennial (family Plantaginaceae) that was introduced as an ornamental. It can be found in disturbed open sites, fields, pastures, degraded rangelands, roadsides, agronomic and perennial crops. Although it is typically found in northern California, it can occur sporadically in many other areas of California, except desert areas and the Big Basin. Infestations often form large colonies, displacing desirable vegetation.
67240https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/lobularia-maritima-profile/Lobularia maritimaAlyssum maritimum, A. odoratum, Clypeola maritima, Koniga m. sweet Alyssum; sweet alison; seaside Alyssum; seaside Lobularia Limited4939 179 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Lobularia-maritima_Sweet_alyssum_by-Pharoah-Hound.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Lobularia-maritima_seeds-in-opened-fruit-capsule_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Lobularia-maritima_stem-leaves-flowers_RonVanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Lobularia-maritima_growth-habit_RonVanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Lobularia-maritima_infestation_copyright2008_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Pharoah Hound, via Wikimedia Commons","Lobularia maritima (sweet Alyssum) seeds in opened fruit capsule. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Lobularia maritima (sweet Alyssum) stem, leaves, flowers. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Lobularia maritima (sweet Alyssum) growth habit. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Lobularia maritima (sweet Alyssum) infestation. Photo: © 2008 Neal Kramer" Lobularia maritima (sweet Alyssum) is a perennial (family Brassicaceae) found along the coast of California and in the San Francisco Bay area. Sweet Alyssum is a common ornamental plant that has escaped cultivation and invaded disturbed coastal dunes, scrub, bluffs, prairies and riparian areas. It has a long flowering season, and appears to have the ability to rapidly colonize suitable habitats. This Mediterranean native may crowd out native plants in some habitats.
67244https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/ludwigia-hexapetala-profile/Ludwigia hexapetalaJussiaea grandiflora (M. Michelli) Greuter & Burdet; Jussiaea repens L var. grandiflora M. Michelli; Jussiaea uruguayensis Camb.; Ludwigia uruguanyensis (Camb.) Hara var. major (Hassler) Munz creeping waterprimrose; Uruguay waterprimrose HighC*5082 83 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ludwigia-hexapetala_water-primrose_Glenn-Miller_cropped-scaled.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ludwigia-hexapetala_waterprimrose_Andrey-Zharkikh_cropped-scaled.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ludwigia-hexapetala_infestation_copyright2014_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ludwigia-hexapetala_leaf-stem-bracts-and-flower_copyright2014_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Glenn Miller","Ludwigia hexapetala (creeping waterprimrose) close-up of flower. Photo: Andrey Zharkikh","Ludwigia hexapetala (creeping waterprimrose) infestation. Photo: © 2014 Neal Kramer","Ludwigia hexapetala (creeping waterprimrose) leaf, stem, bracts, and flower. Photo: © 2014 Neal Kramer" Ludwigia hexapetala (Uruguay waterprimrose) is an aquatic plant (family Onagraceae) that forms dense mats in waterways, reaching above and below the water surface. This dense growth impedes water movement, blocks the growth of native plants, and reduces available habitat for waterbirds and fish. Although this species has been naturalized in California for at least 25 years, it has grown exponentially in the past several years, leading to increased concern over its impacts on waterways. Pieces of Uruguay waterprimrose mats can catch on boat and other watercraft that then spread plants to new areas.
67246https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/ludwigia-peploides-profile/Ludwigia peploidesJussiaea peploides floating water primrose; California waterprimrose High5084 84 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ludwigia_peploides_Meisler.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ludwigia-peploides_infestation_copyright2013_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ludwigia-peploides_leaf-stem-bracts-and-sepals_copyright2019_NealKramer.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ludwigia-peploides_growth-habit_John-Madsen-scaled.jpg" "Photo: Julian Meisler","Ludwigia peploides (floating water primrose) infestation. Photo: © 2013 Neal Kramer","Ludwigia peploides (floating water primrose) leaf, stem, bracts and sepals. Photo: © 2019 Neal Kramer","Ludwigia peploides (floating water primrose) growth habit. Photo: John Madsen" Ludwigia peploides (creeping water primrose) is a perennial aquatic plant (family Onagraceae) that forms very dense, virtually impenetrable mats which restrict fishing and boat access. It also out competes native aquatic plants. Ludwigia peploides can be found throughout California in rice fields, ditches, ponds, slow moving streams, and along edges of lakes and reservoirs. There is some confusion as to which non-native species occur in California and more than one, yet unknown, species may be invasive.
67250https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/lythrum-hyssopifolium-profile/Lythrum hyssopifoliaL. adsurgens, L. hyssopifolium hyssop loosestrife; grass poly; hyssop lythrum Moderate10626 85 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Lythrum-hyssopifolium_hyssop-loosestrife_-JM-Di-Tomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Lythrum-hyssopifolia_flowers-and-leaves_copyright2016_NealKramer.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Lythrum-hyssopifolia_fruits-and-leaves_copyright2009_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Lythrum-hyssopifolia_seedling_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Lythrum-hyssopifolia_growth-habit_JeanPawek.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Lythrum hyssopifolia (hyssop loosestrife) flowers and leaves. Photo: © 2016 Neal Kramer","Lythrum hyssopifolia (hyssop loosestrife) fruits and leaves. Photo: © 2009 Neal Kramer","Lythrum hyssopifolia (hyssop loosestrife) seedling. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Lythrum hyssopifolia (hyssop loosestrife) growth habit. Photo: Jean Pawek"

Lythrum hyssopifolia (hyssop loosestrife) is a perennial forb/herb (family Lythraceae) that invades wetlands. It occurs in seasonal wetlands, ditches, and cultivated fields, especially rice fields. L. hyssopifolia often grows on exposed mud, tolerates some salinity, but is sensitive to heavy frost.

97045https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/lythrum-junceum-profile/Lythrum junceumLythrum graefferi, Lythrum monanthum creeping loosestrife, rose loosestrife Watch13609 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Lythrum-junceum_JenniferMo_edited.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Lythrum-junceum_flowers-leaves-and-fruit_JenniferMo.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Lythrum-junceum_growth-habit_JenniferMo.jpg" "Photo: Jennifer Mo","Lythrum junceum (creeping loosestrife) flowers, leaves, and fruit. Photo: Jennifer Mo","Lythrum junceum (creeping loosestrife) growth habit. Photo: Jennifer Mo" Lythrum junceum (creeping loosestrife) is a perennial herb with spikes of attractive purple flowers that is native to Europe and the Mediterranean region. It is associated with freshwater wetlands and riparian habitat. Outside of its native range, it has been found in Australia and New Zealand and occurs in the Azores and Madeira Islands, where it has unclear native status. It can be locally abundant in its introduced range. Little is known to date about its impacts, though it spreads easily both by seed and rhizomes and has a vigorous growth habit. Lythrum junceum was first found and collected in California in 1905 but misidentified until recently; it may, therefore, be under-reported in the state. This species can be differentiated from other Lythrum species by its solitary flowers in leaf axils, white petal bases, rose spots on its hypanthium, and tristylous flowers with 12 stamens each. It has a sprawling, mounding habit and angular stems.  
67252https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/lythrum-salicaria-profile/Lythrum salicaria purple loosestrife High-*5261 86 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Lythrum_salicaria_BCase.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Lythrum-salicaria_flowers_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Lythrum-salicaria_leaves-and-stem_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Lythrum-salicaria_inflorescence-pre-flower_copyright2001_DougBarbeCDFA.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Lythrum-salicaria_infestation_copyright2001_CarriBenefieldCDFA.jpeg" "Photo: Bob Case","Lythrum salicaria (purple loosestrife) flowers. Photo: Keir Morse","Lythrum salicaria (purple loosestrife) leaves and stem. Photo: Keir Morse","Lythrum salicaria (purple loosestrife) inflorescence (pre-flower). Photo: © 2001 Doug Barbe, CDFA","Lythrum salicaria (purple loosestrife) infestation. Photo: © 2001 Carri Benefield, CDFA" Lythrum salicaria (purple loosestrife) is a wetland herb (family Lythraceae) that invades scattered freshwater wetlands of northern and central California. Infestations are found in northern California and the San Francisco Bay Area, as well as along rivers in the southern Sierra. It is a hardy perennial that can rapidly degrade wetlands, diminishing their value for wildlife habitat.
70877https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/malephora-crocea-profile/Malephora crocea coppery Mesembryanthemum Watch5347 236 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Malephora-crocea_C001-12.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Malephora-crocea_flower-and-leaves_copyright2011_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Malephora-crocea_infestation_copyright2011_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: UC Davis Weeds of California","Malephora crocea (coppery Mesembryanthemum) flower and leaves. Photo: © 2011 Neal Kramer","Malephora crocea (coppery Mesembryanthemum) infestation. Photo: © 2011 Neal Kramer" Malephora crocea (coppery Mesembryanthemum) is a herb/subshrub (family Aizoaceae) with red flowers and narrow succulent-like leaves found in the south coast ranges of California. It is native to southern Africa. It favors grasslands, dunes, and scrub and chaparral habitat. It spreads via seeds and root nodes. Water helps disperse the seeds.
67254https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/marrubium-vulgare-profile/Marrubium vulgare horehound; white horehound Limited5370 180 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Marrubium-vulgare_white-horehound_-JM-Di-Tomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Marrubium-vulgare_inflorescence_copyright2014_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Marrubium-vulgare_leaves_copyright2010_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Marrubium-vulgare_seedling_copyright2014_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Marrubium vulgare (horehound) inflorescence. Photo: © 2014 Neal Kramer","Marrubium vulgare (horehound) leaves. Photo: © 2010 Neal Kramer","Marrubium vulgare (horehound) seedling. Photo: © 2014 Neal Kramer" Marrubium vulgare (white horehound) is a perennial shrub/forb/herb (family Lamiaceae). This plant is found heavily populating disturbed places throughout California in grasslands, scrub, and riparian areas. It has mostly minor impact on native species.
70878https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/maytenus-boaria-profile/Maytenus boaria mayten Watch8519 237 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Maytenus-boaria_mayten_Lech-Naumovich_cropped.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Maytenus-boaria_flowers-and-leaves_JeanPawek.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Maytenus-boaria_adventitious-sprouting_copyright2011_SamAbercrombie.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Maytenus-boaria_fruits_copyright2012_SamAbercrombie.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Maytenus-boaria_growth-form-young-tree_copyright2011_SamAbercrombie.jpeg" "Photo: Lech Naumovich","Maytenus boaria (mayten) flowers and leaves. Photo: Jean Pawek","Maytenus boaria (mayten) adventitious sprouting. Photo: © 2011 Sam Abercrombie","Maytenus boaria (mayten) fruits. Photo: © 2012 Sam Abercrombie","Maytenus boaria (mayten) growth form (young tree). Photo: © 2011 Sam Abercrombie" Maytenus boaria (mayten) is a shrub/tree (family Celastraceae) with green to white flowers and narrow leaves found in the San Francisco Bay area and coastal ranges of California. It is native to Argentina and Chile. It favors grasslands and scrub and chaparral habitat. It spreads via root suckers and seeds. Birds help disperse the seeds.
67256https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/medicago-polymorpha-profile/Medicago polymorpha California burclover; burr medic Limited5385 181 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Medicago-polymorpha_California-burclover_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Medicago-polymorpha_fruit-and-leaves_copyright2009_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Medicago polymorpha (California burclover) fruit and leaves. Photo: © 2009 Neal Kramer"

Medicago polymorpha (California burclover) is a perennial/annual forb/herb (family Fabaceae) found throughout California in disturbed areas such as pastures, roadsides and vacant lots. Although it is considered good forage for livestock in pastures, it can out-compete native species in natural areas. Despite its name, California burclover is native to the Mediterranean.

104202https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/melia-azedarach-profile/Melia azedarachMelia australasica, Melia bukayun, Melia composita, Melia japonica, Melia sempervirens, Melia toosendan Chinaberry tree, Pride of India, bead-tree, Cape-lilac, syringaberry tree, Persian lilac, Indian lilac, white cedar Watch5388 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Melia-azedarach_AmadejTrnkoczy_crop.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Melia-azedarach_flowers_AmadejTrnkoczy.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Melia-azedarach_leaves-and-young-fruits_AmadejTrnkoczy.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Melia-azedarach_fruits_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Melia-azedarach_seedling_ZoyaAkulova.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Melia-azedarach_growth-habit_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg" "Photo: Amadej Trnkoczy","Melia azedarach (Chinaberry tree) flowers. Photo: Amadej Trnkoczy","Melia azedarach (Chinaberry tree) leaves and young fruits. Photo: Amadej Trnkoczy","Melia azedarach (Chinaberry tree) fruits. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Melia azedarach (Chinaberry tree) seedling. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Melia azedarach (Chinaberry tree) growth habit. Photo: Zoya Akulova" Chinaberry tree (Melia azedarach) is a perennial tree (family Meliaceae) that is generally found in disturbed areas, road edges, and openings in forests or thickets. It is native to China, Japan, the Indian sub-continent, south-eastern Asia and large parts of northern and eastern Australia. Chinaberry tree has historically been used as an ornamental plant, as a shade tree, and for firewood. It can grow as a single-stemmed tree up to 50 feet tall. The deciduous leaves can grow up to 2 feet long, are arranged alternately along the stem, and bipinnately compound and toothed. Flowers are pink to purple (often lilac colored) and arranged in numerous small clusters that bloom in spring. Chinaberry produces numerous yellow to yellow-green wrinkly drupe fruits that are about 0.4-0.5 inches in diameter. It thrives under a large variety of environmental climates and soils and releases compounds in its leaves and roots that inhibit the growth of other plants, resulting in large bare patches around trees. Chinaberry fruits are dispersed through wildlife and via waterways. This plant is poisonous to humans, livestock, and mammals if ingested.
97259https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/melinis-repens-profile/Melinis repensMelinis repens subsp. repens , Saccharum repens, Rhynchelytrum roseum, Rhynchelytrum repens Natal grass, natalgrass, Natal redtop, rose natal grass, Zizka Watch12147 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Melinis-repens_RonVanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Melinis-repens_inflorescence-full-flower-to-releasing-seed_RonVanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Melinis-repens_infestation_RonVanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Melinis-repens_leaf-blade-and-sheath_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Melinis-repens_growth-habit_RonVanderhoff.jpeg" "Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Melinis repens (Natal grass) inflorescence (full flower to releasing seed). Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Melinis repens (Natal grass) infestation. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Melinis repens (Natal grass) leaf blade and sheath. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Melinis repens (Natal grass) growth habit. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Melinis repens (Willd.) (Natal grass) is an erect grass that grows to 28 in tall and has attractive long reddish or pink silky hairs on the triangular fruit at maturity, fading to silvery white with age. It is an annual species that sometimes perennates in warmer climates. In California, Natal grass is almost entirely perennial. Its branched inflorescences are open (2-3 in wide) and fluffy. The leaves are narrow and flat (3-8 in long) from unbranched stems. It can flower throughout the year under favorable temperature and moisture conditions but is limited by hard freezes. Natal grass is native to tropical eastern Africa and parts of Asia, including India. It has naturalized across the southern United States and Pacific Islands and is considered invasive in Florida. Where it is invasive, it often forms large stands that compete with and potentially displace native species. Stands of Natal grass carry fire, further impacting native vegetation. Although historically used as an ornamental, Natal grass no longer appears to be sold in the horticultural trade in the United States.
67258https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/mentha-pulegium-profile/Mentha pulegiumMentha daghestanica Boriss.; Pulegium dagestanicum (Boriss.) Holub; Pulegium vulagare Mill. pennyroyal; European pennyroyal; grows-in-a-ditch Moderate5414 129 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Mentha-pulegium_pennyroyal-JM-Di-Tomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Mentha-pulegium_inflorescence_copyright2007_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Mentha-pulegium_leaves_copyright2010_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Mentha-pulegium_infestation_copyright2012_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Mentha pulegium (pennyroyal) inflorescence. Photo: © 2007 Neal Kramer","Mentha pulegium (pennyroyal) leaves. Photo: © 2010 Neal Kramer","Mentha pulegium (pennyroyal) infestation. Photo: © 2012 Neal Kramer" Mentha pulegium (pennyroyal) is a perennial mint (family Lamiaceae) with a variable habit, ranging from low-growing, spreading plants to lanky, upright sub-shrubs. Although considered uncommon in much of California, pennyroyal occurs in the Sierra foothills, Central Valley, and most coastal counties from the Mexican border to Oregon. It is common as an obligate wetland indicator species in seasonally inundated soils of valley bottomlands, usually below 1,640 feet (500 m) elevation. Pennyroyal grows in flooded or seasonally wet areas: seeps, streamsides, vernal pools and swales, marshes, and ditches. Although pennyroyal is considered moderately invasive in wetlands its ecological impacts are not well documented. It clearly prospers in habitats that were once dominated by native plants, suggesting that it may have displaced some species. In particular, the flora of vernal pools may have suffered loss of habitat through the introduction of pennyroyal. It is native to Europe.
67260https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/mesembryanthemum-crystallinum-profile/Mesembryanthemum crystallinumCryophytum crystallinum crystalline iceplant; common iceplant Moderate5460 87 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Mesembryanthemum-crystallinum_crystalline-iceplant_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Mesembryanthemum-crystallinum_leaves-and-flower_copyright2010_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (crystalline iceplant) leaves and flower. Photo: © 2010 Neal Kramer" Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (crystalline iceplant) is a low-growing annual or biennial succulent shrub (family Aizoaceae) found on coastal bluffs of the California coastline and the Channel Islands. It is native to South Africa, but has been used as a landscape ornamental.  It is named for the small glistening vesicles that cover its leaves and stems. Crystalline iceplant inhibits the growth of native plants by accumulating salt in the soil and by leaving behind mats of dry plant matter that may take several years to decompose. It generally must colonize disturbed areas, and will not usually invade intact grasslands.
70633https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/mesembryanthemum-nodiflorum-profile/Mesembryanthemum nodiflorumCryophytum nodiflorum; Gasoul nodiflorum; Aridaria paucandra; Cryophytum gibbosum; Cryophytum rogersii slenderleaf iceplant; small flowered iceplant Limited5461 5461 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Mesembryanthemum-nodiflorum_C001-16.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Mesembryanthemum-nodiflorum_leaves-and-flowers_copyright2011_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Mesembryanthemum-nodiflorum_growth-habit_copyright2015_NealKramer.jpg" "Photo: UC Davis Weeds of California","Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum (slenderleaf iceplant) leaves and flowers. Photo: © 2011 Neal Kramer","Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum (slenderleaf iceplant) growth habit. Photo: © 2015 Neal Kramer" Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum (slenderleaf iceplant) is a herb/ (family Aizoaceae) with white to yellow flowers and narrow succulent-like leaves found in the San Francisco Bay area, Channel Islands, central valley, desert ranges and south coast ranges of California. It is native to southern Africa. It favors wetlands and dunes. It propagates by seed which is dispersed by water and adhere to the soil surface. Grazing and human activities also aid in dispersal.
67262https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/myoporum-laetum-profile/Myoporum laetum ngaio tree; false sandalwood; mousehole tree Moderate5720 88 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Myoporum-laetum_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Myoporum-laetum_ngaio-tree_Jutta-Burger_cropped-scaled.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Myoporum-laetum_flowers_copyright2008_NealKramer.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Myoporum-laetum_infestation-San-Mateo-Co._copyright2010_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Myoporum laetum (ngaio tree) fruits. Photo: Jutta Burger","Myoporum laetum (ngaio tree) flowers. Photo: © 2008 Neal Kramer","Myoporum laetum (ngaio tree) infestation (San Mateo Co.). Photo: © 2010 Neal Kramer" Myoporum laetum (ngaio tree) is an evergreen shrub or small tree (family Myoporaceae) found along the coast of California and in the San Francisco Bay region. It favors coastal areas, woodlands and riparian areas. This landscape ornamental has white flowers with purple dots and reddish-purple fruits. Ngaio tree has escaped cultivation in many areas, and is commonly found near urban areas. It is native to New Zealand. It may crowd out native plants, growing to form dense stands. It is susceptible to damage from the introduced myoporum thrips (Klambothrips myopori; Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae), which is believed to have slowed its spread.  A recently introduced thrips-resistant cultivar (Clean n Green) has also been evaluated as potentially invasive. Ngaio tree foliage contains toxic chemical compounds that can cause fatal liver damage in livestock, so grazing is not a control option. Mature plants are commonly treated by cutting at ground level and painting the stump with an herbicide.
67264https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/myosotis-latifolia-profile/Myosotis latifoliaMyosotis sylvatica [misapplied in older California references] common forget-me-not; wood forget-me-not; broadleaf forget-me-not Limited5722 182 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Myosotis-latifolia_broadleaf-forget-me-not_flower_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Myosotis-latifolius_flowers_copyright2007_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Myosotis-latifolia_leaves-young-plant_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Myosotis-latifolia_infestation_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Myosotis latifolius (common forget-me-not) flowers. Photo: © 2007 Neal Kramer","Myosotis latifolius (common forget-me-not) leaves (young plant). Photo: Zoya Akulova","Myosotis latifolius (common forget-me-not) infestation. Photo: Zoya Akulova" Myosotis latifolia (common forget-me-not) is a perennial or annual herb (family Boraginaceae) found primarily in coniferous and riparian areas along the coast in northern and central California. It is native to northwestern Africa and was introduced into North America as a garden ornamental. Common forget-me-not is low-statured, with pale blue to pink radiate flowers in (initially) coiled racemes, with simple, elliptic leaves that are sessile along stems and creeping roots. It can outcompete other understory plants and may be toxic to livestock. Seeds are long-lived, which makes long-term control difficult.
67266https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/myriophyllum-aquaticum-profile/Myriophyllum aquaticumEnhydria aquatica, Myriophyllum brasiliense, M. proserpinacoides parrotfeather; Brazilian watermilfoil; parrotfeather watermilfoil; thread-of-life; HighC5735 89 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Myriophyllum_aquaticum_By-André-Karwath.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Myriophyllum-aquaticum_leaves-and-stem-with-adventitious-roots_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Myriophyllum-aquaticum_growth-habit_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Myriophyllum-aquaticum_infestation_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg" "Photo: André Karwath, via Wikimedia Commons","Myriophyllum aquaticum (parrotfeather) leaves and stem with adventitious roots. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Myriophyllum aquaticum (parrotfeather) growth habit. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Myriophyllum aquaticum (parrotfeather) infestation. Photo: Zoya Akulova"

Myriophyllum aquaticum (parrotfeather) is a stout aquatic perennial (family Haloragaceae) that forms dense mats of intertwined brownish stems (rhizomes) in water. Myriophyllum aquaticum can be found in freshwater lakes, ponds, and canals with slow-moving waters in northern and central California. This invasive plant may compete with native aquatic plants, eliminating them or reducing their numbers in infested sites. It forms dense mats that can entirely cover the surface of the water in shallow lakes and other waterways. The species does not produce viable seed and its distribution is limited to vegetative dispersal mechanisms.

67268https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/myriophyllum-spicatum-profile/Myriophyllum spicatum spike watermilfoil, Eurasian watermilfoil High5738 90 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Myriophyllum-spicatum_spike-watermilfoil_John-Madsen_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Myriophyllum-spicatum_leaves-and-stems_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Myriophyllum-spicatum_inflorescence_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Myriophyllum-spicatum_growth-habit_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg" "Photo: John Madsen","Myriophyllum spicatum (spike watermilfoil) leaves and stems. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Myriophyllum spicatum (spike watermilfoil) inflorescence. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Myriophyllum spicatum (spike watermilfoil) growth habit. Photo: Zoya Akulova" Myriophyllum spicatum (spike watermilfoil) is a common submersed aquatic perennial (family Haloragaceae). Spike watermilfoil can be found in freshwater lakes, ponds, and canals with slow-moving waters in northern and central California, particularly in the San Francisco Bay and San Joaquin Valley regions and Lake Tahoe. This plant grows and spreads rapidly, creating dense mats on the water surface. These monotypic mats out-compete native aquatic plants, reducing species diversity.
70879https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/nardus-stricta-profile/Nardus stricta matgrass Watch 13665 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Nardus-stricta_matgrass_James-Lindsey_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Nardus-stricta_inflorescence_CarriPirosko.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Nardus-stricta_growth-habit_CarriPirosko.jpg" "Photo: James Lindsey","Nardus stricta (matgrass) inflorescence. Photo: Carri Pirosko","Nardus stricta (matgrass) growth habit. Photo: Carri Pirosko" Nardus stricta (matgrass) is a perennial grass (family Poaceae) that can grow to be more than 1 foot tall and is found in the southwestern ranges of Oregon. It is native to Eastern Europe. It favors grasslands, wetlands, and bog and marsh habitat. It reproduces mostly through transport of tufts in mud clinging to the hooves of grazing animals. Seeds also attach to the wool of sheep.
128391https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/nasella-trichotoma-profile/Nassella trichotomaStipa trichotoma, Piptochaetium trichotomum (Nees) Griseb. serrated tussock, serrated tussock grass, Yass tussock, Yass River tussock Watch "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Nasella-trichotoma_GaryFrenchiNat-1.jpg" "Photo: Gary French (Australia)" Serrated tussock (Nassella trichotoma) is a globally invasive perennial grass native to South America, where it occurs in warm temperate grasslands. It is a major pasture weed in Australia and South Africa, where it is widespread and invades agricultural areas, grasslands, and some woodlands. In the US, serrated tussock was likely introduced accidentally and is on the USDA invasive weed list. It occurs in  Illinois, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, Arizona, Florida, Hawaii, and Texas but has not yet been detected in California. Plants form dense tussocks that are up to 50 cm tall and 25 cm across at the base. Inflorescences are loose panicles; seeds are egg-shaped, pale brown, and have long, needle-like awns. Serrated tussock reproduces and mainly grows from seed, and one plant may produce over 100,000 (up to 140,000) seeds that can be distributed by animals, wind, or water. It is a poor unpalatable pasture grass that reduces forage value of grazed areas. Cultivars are propagated and sold as ornamentals.
67271https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/nicotiana-glauca-profile/Nicotiana glauca tree tobacco Moderate5860 36 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Nicotiana-glauca_tree-tobacco_-JM-Di-Tomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Nicotiana-glauca_leaves-and-flowers_RonVanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Nicotiana-glauca_seeds_RonVanderhoff.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Nicotiana glauca (tree tobacco) leaves and flowers. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Nicotiana glauca (tree tobacco) seeds. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff"

Nicotiana glauca (tree tobacco) is a tree/shrub (family Solanaceae), which stands 10-20 feet tall and is short-lived. Tree tobacco was introduced to California about 100 years ago and is found growing up to 5,000 feet in disturbed soils, vacant lots, along roadsides, streamsides, and other riparian areas.

70880https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/nothoscordum-gracile-profile/Nothoscordum gracile false garlic Watch-*10157 240 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Nothoscordum-gracile_C151-02.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Nothoscordum-gracile_inflorescence-and-leaf_RonVanderhoff.jpeg" "Photo: UC Davis Weeds of California","Nothoscordum gracile (false garlic) inflorescence and leaf. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Nothoscordum gracile (false garlic, false onionweed) is a perennial herb/ (family Liliaceae) with white flowers and long narrow grasslike leaves which is found in the central western ranges and south coast ranges of California. It is native to South America. False garlic grows in grasslands and spreads via seed and underground bulblets. Seeds are dispersed via wind, water and dumped garden waste. It is highly invasive and difficult to control. If using manual control, dig plants out rather than pulling them as pulling facilitates bulbs to split and multiply.
67273https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/olea-europaea-profile/Olea europaea olive Limited5912 130 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Olea-europaea_Olive_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Olea-europaea_flowers_copyright2010_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Olea-europaea_fruits-and-leaves_copyright2011_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Olea europaea (olive) flowers. Photo: © 2010 Neal Kramer","Olea europaea (olive) fruits and leaves. Photo: © 2011 Neal Kramer" Olea europaea (olive) is a shrub or tree (family Oleaceae) with fleshy one-seeded fruits that are spread by birds and mammals. It is native to African, temperate regions of western Asia, and the Mediterranean region of Europe. Trees are characterized by having grey bark and thick, leathery broadly lanceolate leaves that are dark green above and grey below. Though commonly grown as a crop in California, olive has escaped and naturalized widely in southern California and the Central Valley where it can invade grasslands and shrublands. Gardeners should use caution planting olives near open space and consider seedless varieties of this species instead.
70881https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/oncosiphon-piluliferum-profile/Oncosiphon piluliferMatricaria globifera, Pentzia globifera, Oncosiphon piluliferum stinknet; globe chamomile HighQ8492 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Oncosiphon-pilulifer_stinknet_Ron-Vanderhoff_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Oncosiphon-pilulifer_leaves-and-immature-flower-head_RonVanderhoff.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Oncosiphon-pilulifer_flower-heads_RonVanderhoff.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Oncosiphon-pilulifer_growth-habit_DavidWilson.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Oncosiphon-pilulifer_growth-habit-senescent_MaryHerr.jpg" "Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Oncosiphon pilulifer (stinknet) leaves and immature flower head. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Oncosiphon pilulifer (stinknet) flower heads. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Oncosiphon pilulifer (stinknet) growth habit. Photo: David Wilson","Oncosiphon pilulifer (stinknet) growth habit (senescent). Photo: Mary Herr" Oncosiphon pilulifer (stinknet) is a strongly-scented annual herb (family Asteraceae) with round yellow flowers and finely dissected leaves found in the south coast and desert ranges of Southern California. It is native to South Africa. It favors dunes and scrub and chaparral habitat. It spreads via seeds which travel through human activities and machinery.
67275https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/ononis-alopecuroides-profile/Ononis alopecuroides foxtail restharrow Limited-*8573 183 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ononis-alopecuroides_foxtail-restharrow_JM-DiTomaso_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ononis-alopecuroides_flowers_JoeDiTomaso.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ononis-alopecuroides_inflorescence-in-fruit_JoeDiTomaso.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Ononis alopecuroides (foxtail restharrow) flowers. Photo: Joe DiTomaso","Ononis alopecuroides (foxtail restharrow) inflorescence (in fruit). Photo: Joe DiTomaso" Ononis alopecuroides (foxtail restharrow) is a woody annual (family Fabaceae) whose current distribution in California is limited to one location in San Luis Obispo County. This Mediterranean native prefers disturbed places, such as fields and pastures, as well as grasslands and oak woodlands. Although the one known population is almost completely eradicated, foxtail restharrow has the potential to be a highly aggressive invader, forming dense stands that exclude native plants. It is considered weedy in northern and central Europe.
67277https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/onopordum-acanthium-profile/Onopordum acanthium Scotch thistle; cotton thistle; woolly thistle; winged thistle; jackass thistle; heraldic thistle High-*10161 37 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Onopordum-acanthium_-Scotch-thistle_JM-DiTomaso_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Onopordum-acanthium_infestation_BobCase-scaled.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Onopordum-acanthium_stem-senescent_ZoyaAkulova.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Onopordum-acanthium_seeds_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Onopordum-acanthium_flower-heads_RichardSpellenberg.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Onopordum-acanthium_growth-habit_Thayne-Tuason.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Onopordum acanthium (Scotch thistle) infestation. Photo: Bob Case","Onopordum acanthium (Scotch thistle) stem (senescent). Photo: Zoya Akulova","Onopordum acanthium (Scotch thistle) seeds. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Onopordum acanthium (Scotch thistle) flower heads. Photo: Richard Spellenberg","Onopordum acanthium (Scotch thistle) growth habit. Photo: Thayne Tuason" Onopordum acanthium (Scotch thistle) is a biennial or short-lived perennial (family Asteraceae) which is primarily found in the northeastern regions of California. Severe infestations can form tall, dense, impenetrable stands, especially in fertile soils. Onopordum acanthium reproduces only by seeds, which can germinate year round, and it is drought resistant. Infestations can reduce forage and impede movement for livestock and wildlife.
70882https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/onopordum-illyricum-profile/Onopordum illyricum Illyerian thistle Watch-*5917 5917 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Onopordum-illyricum_C056-05.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Onopordum-illyricum_basal-rosette_copyright2001_CDFA.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Onopordum-illyricum_flower-heads-and-stem_copyright2001_CDFA.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Onopordum-illyricum_growth-habit_copyright2001_CDFA.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Onopordum-illyricum_seeds_copyright2001_DeanKelchCDFA.jpeg" "Photo: UC Davis Weeds of California","Onopordum illyricum (Illyerian thistle) basal rosette. Photo: © 2001 CDFA","Onopordum illyricum (Illyerian thistle) flower heads and stem. Photo: © 2001 CDFA","Onopordum illyricum (Illyerian thistle) growth habit. Photo: © 2001 CDFA","Onopordum illyricum (Illyerian thistle) seeds. Photo: © 2001 Dean Kelch, CDFA" Onopordum illyricum (Illyerian thistle) is a biennial herb/ (family Asteraceae) with purple flowers and prickly toothed leaves found in the central coast ranges of California. It is native to southeastern Europe. It favors grasslands and riparian and bottomland habitat. It spreads via seeds equipped with fine hairs. The seeds spread via wind, water, wool, vehicles and clothing.
70883https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/orobanche-aegyptiaca-profile/Orobanche aegyptiaca Egyptian broomrape WatchA13052 13052 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Orobanche_aegyptiaca_DeanKelch.jpg" "Photo courtesy California Department of Food and Agriculture " Orobanche aegyptiaca (Egyptian broomrape) is a perennial herb/ (parasitic) (family Orobanchaceae) with purple flowers and tiny leaves found in the central valley of California. It is native to the Middle East. It grows in grasslands. It reproduces via seeds which are carried by water, wind, animals and man.
128350https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/osteospermum-calendulaceum-profile/Osteospermum calendulaceumOligocarpus calendulaceus, Osteospermum parviflora, Calendula parvifloraWatchA14608 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Osteospermum-calendulaceum_RonVanderhoff_CC-BY-NC-4.0-Calflora.jpg" "Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Osteospermum calendulaceum (family Asteraceae) is a yellow-flowered annual to short-lived perennial plant that is native to the Cape region of southern Africa. It was first detected in the continental United States in Orange County, California, in 2022. Osteospermum calendulaceum and has also been introduced into Hawaii, and Australia, where it does not appear to be as aggressive. A novel plant in California, its local ecology and environmental impacts are still largely unknown. Plants are short-statured, highly branched, weakly ascending to procumbent and have glandular pubescent hairs.  This species has been observed to have nearly year-round flowering, an affinity for drylands habitat, and an ability to form large stands quickly.  More study is needed on its biology, ecology, and invasive potential of this species in California.
67279https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/oxalis-pes-caprae-profile/Oxalis pes-caprae Bermuda buttercup; buttercup oxalis; sour grass Moderate6016 131 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Oxalis-pes-caprae_buttercup-oxalis_-JM-Di-Tomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Oxalis-pes-caprae_flowers_copyright2019_NealKramer.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Oxalis-pes-caprae_leaf_RonVanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Oxalis-pes-caprae_infestation_copyright2007_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Oxalis pes-caprae (Bermuda buttercup) flowers. Photo: © 2019 Neal Kramer","Oxalis-pes-caprae (Bermuda buttercup) leaf. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Oxalis pes-caprae (Bermuda buttercup) infestation. Photo: © 2007 Neal Kramer" Oxalis pes-caprae (buttercup oxalis, Bermuda buttercup, yellow oxalis) is a low-growing perennial (family Oxalidaceae) found along the coast of California, in the Coastal Ranges, and in the Sacramento Valley. Buttercup oxalis occurs in coastal dunes, scrub, oak woodlands, gardens, turf, urban areas, orchards and agricultural fields. Buttercup oxalis was introduced as an ornamental landscape plant from South Africa. Although buttercup oxalis does not produce seeds, it is difficult to control because of its ability to form many persistent bulbs. Cultivation may be an effective control if carried out when the plants are just beginning to flower.
70884https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/paraserianthes-lophantha-profile/Paraserianthes lophantha plume Acacia Watch165 210 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Paraserianthes-lopantha_Kurt-Stuber-Wikimedia.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Albizia-lophantha_seed-pods-and-seeds_copyright2008_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Albizia-lophantha_leaf_copyright2018_NealKramer.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Albizia-lophantha_inflorescence_copyright2008_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Albizia-lophantha_growth-habit-mature_copyright2011_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Albizia-lophantha_growth-habit-young-plant_NicoleLeatherman.jpg" "Photo: Kurt Stuber","Albizia lophantha (plume Acacia) seed pods and seeds. Photo: © 2008 Neal Kramer","Albizia lophantha (plume Acacia) leaf. Photo: © 2018 Neal Kramer","Albizia lophantha (plume Acacia) inflorescence. Photo: © 2008 Neal Kramer","Albizia lophantha (plume Acacia) growth habit (mature). Photo: © 2011 Neal Kramer","Albizia lophantha (plume Acacia) growth habit (young plant). Photo: Nicole Leatherman" Paraserianthes lophantha (plume Acacia) is a shrub/tree (family Fabaceae) with green-yellow flowers and large, finely dissected leaves found in the San Francisco Bay area, coastal ranges and the Channel Islands of California. It is native to southeastern Asia and southwestern Australia. It favors woodlands, dunes, grasslands, and riparian and bottomland habitat. It reproduces by seeds which are spread primarily by birds, ants and water.
67281https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/parentucellia-viscosa-profile/Parentucellia viscosaBartsia viscosa, Bellardia viscosa yellow glandweed; sticky Parentucellia; broadleaved glandweed Limited6062 184 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Parentucellia-viscosa_Yellow-glandweed_-JM-Di-Tomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Parentucellia-viscosa_flowers_copyright2013_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Parentucellia viscosa (yellow glandweed) flowers. Photo: © 2013 Neal Kramer" Parentucellia viscosa (yellow glandweed, sticky Parentucellia) is an annual forb/herb (family Scrophulariaceae) that invades wetland prairies along the coast and pastures in the Sierra Nevada. It is especially invasive on dune wetlands at the Humboldt Bay National Wildlife Refuge.
70885https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/parthenium-hysterophorus-profile/Parthenium hysterophorus Santa Maria feverfew WatchA*12729 12729 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Parthenium-hysterophorus_Ron-Vanderhoff-.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Parthenium-hysterophorus_flowerhead_RonVanderhoff.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Parthenium-hysterophorus_mature-fruit_RonVanderhoff.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Parthenium-hysterophorus_stem_RonVanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Parthenium-hysterophorus_growth-habit_RonVanderhoff.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Parthenium-hysterophorus_infestation_RonVanderhoff.jpg" "Photo: Ron Vanderhoff ","Parthenium hysterophorus (Santa Maria feverfew) flowerhead. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Parthenium hysterophorus (Santa Maria feverfew) mature fruit. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Parthenium hysterophorus (Santa Maria feverfew) stem. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Parthenium hysterophorus (Santa Maria feverfew) growth habit. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Parthenium hysterophorus (Santa Maria feverfew) infestation. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Parthenium hysterophorus (Santa Maria feverfew) is a herb (family Asteraceae) with white flowers and lobed leaves found in the south coast ranges of California. It is native to the American tropics. It favors grasslands and riparian and bottomland habitat. It is a prolific seed producer. Its seeds travel via wind, water, birds, vehicles, farm machinery and other animal traffic.
70886https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/paspalum-urvillei-profile/Paspalum urvillei Vasey's grass Watch6086 6086 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Paspalum-urvillei_S45-13.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Paspalum-urvillei_inflorescence_copyright2006_TomCochrane.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Paspalum-urvillei_leaf_copyright2006_TomCochrane.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Paspalum-urvillei_growth-habit_copyright2006_TomCochrane.jpeg" "Photo: UC Davis Weeds of California","Paspalum urvillei (Vasey's grass) inflorescence. Photo: © 2006 Tom Cochrane","Paspalum urvillei (Vasey's grass) leaf. Photo: © 2006 Tom Cochrane","Paspalum urvillei (Vasey's grass) growth habit. Photo: © 2006 Tom Cochrane" Paspalum urvillei (Vasey\'s grass) is a perennial grass (family Poaceae) that can grow up to 6 feet tall found in the Central Valley and central and south coast ranges of California. It is native to South America. It favors grasslands and riparian and bottomland habitat. It spreads by seed and by rhizome. The seeds are dispersed by wind, water, animals, vehicles, machinery and in contaminated soil.
70887https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/paspalum-vaginatum-profile/Paspalum vaginatum seashore Paspalum Watch11906 11906 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Paspalum-vaginatum_seashore-paspalum_Ron-Vanderhoff_cropped.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Paspalum-vaginatum_florets_RonVanderhoff.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Paspalum-vaginatum_ligule-and-leaf-blade_RonVanderhoff-1.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Paspalum-vaginatum_growth-habit_RonVanderhoff.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Paspalum-vaginatum_infestation_RonVanderhoff.jpg" "Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Paspalum vaginatum (seashore Paspalum) florets. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Paspalum vaginatum (seashore Paspalum) ligule and leaf blade. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Paspalum vaginatum (seashore Paspalum) growth habit. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Paspalum vaginatum (seashore Paspalum) infestation. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Paspalum vaginatum (seashore Paspalum) is a perennial grass (family Poaceae) that can grow to approximately 20 inches tall and is found in the Sonoran Desert and south coast ranges of California. It is native to southeastern North America, other parts of tropical Central and South America and Africa. It favors dunes and bog and marsh habitat. It reproduces vegetatively via sod, containerized material and rhizomes. Its seeds are rarely viable. It spreads via agricultural activities, animal grazing and water.
70888https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/passiflora-tarminiana-profile/Passiflora tarminiana banana passionfruit Watch8666 8666 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Passiflora-tarminia-banana-passionfruit-Mike-Bush_1_crop.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Passiflora-tarminiana_flower-close-up_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Passiflora-tarminiana_tendril_ZoyaAkulova.jpg","","" "Photo: Mike Bush","Passiflora tarminiana (banana passionfruit) flower (close-up). Photo: Zoya Akulova","Passiflora tarminiana (banana passionfruit) tendril. Photo: Zoya Akulova","","" Passiflora tarminiana (banana passionfruit) is a vine (family Passifloraceae) with pink flowers and lobed leaves found in the central coast ranges of California. It is native to South America. It favors woodlands, grasslands, scrub and chaparral, forests, and riparian and bottomland habitat. It spreads via seeds and detached stems that re-root. Seeds from the large, fleshy fruits are spread by mammals, birds and water.
70889https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/peganum-harmala-profile/Peganum harmala African-rue Watch-*8761 8761 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Peganum-harmala_C253-03.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Peganum-harmala_flowers-leaves-and-stems_WynnAnderson.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Peganum-harmala_fruit-close-up_WynnAnderson.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Peganum-harmala_fruit-capsule-open_WynnAnderson.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Peganum-harmala_growth-habit_WynnAnderson.jpg" "Photo: UC Davis Weeds of California","Peganum harmala (African-rue) flowers, leaves, and stems. Photo: Wynn Anderson","Peganum harmala (African-rue) fruit (close-up). Photo: Wynn Anderson","Peganum harmala (African-rue) fruit capsule (open). Photo: Wynn Anderson","Peganum harmala (African-rue) growth habit. Photo: Wynn Anderson" Peganum harmala (African-rue) is a perennial herb/ (family Zygophyllaceae) with white flowers and thin narrow leaves found in the Mojave Desert in California. It is native to the Mediterranean and central Asia. It favors grasslands. It spreads via seeds and roots. Seeds are dispersed by water, animals, farm machinery and other vehicles. Local spread occurs when pieces of rootstock are severed and moved during cultivation.
102867https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/pennisetum-ciliare-profile/Pennisetum ciliareCenchrus ciliaris buffelgrass, buffel grass Watch10187 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Pennisetum-ciliare_KeirMorse_edited.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Pennisetum-ciliare_florets-and-leaf-blade_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Pennisetum-ciliare_inflorescence_RonVanderhoff.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Pennisetum-ciliare_spikelet_RonVanderhoff.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Pennisetum-ciliare_growth-habit-irrigated_RonVanderhoff.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Pennisetum-ciliare_growth-habit_starved_KeirMorse.jpeg" "Photo: Keir Morse","Pennisetum ciliare (buffelgrass) florets and leaf blade. Photo: Keir Morse","Pennisetum ciliare (buffelgrass) inflorescence. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Pennisetum ciliare (buffelgrass) spikelet. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Pennisetum ciliare (buffelgrass) growth habit (irrigated). Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Pennisetum ciliare (buffelgrass) growth habit (starved). Photo: Keir Morse" Buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare; also known as Cenchrus ciliaris) is an erect, perennial  bunch grass (Family Poaceae) growing to ca. 15 dm that is native to Africa, the Middle East, and parts of Asia. It has established and become invasive in parts of the SW USA (Arizona) and Australia. Inflorescences can be up to 13cm long, and consist of spikelets subtended by arrays of feather-like bristles; the inner row of bristles is fused at the base. Reproduction appears to be largely apomictic (doesn\'t require pollination). This grass was introduced in the 1930\'s and 1940\'s into the southwest as fodder, for erosion control, and as an ornamental. To date, new cultivars with wider environmental tolerances continue to be sold. Plants can be propagated both by seed and vegetatively. Buffelgrass can outcompete native vegetation by forming dense swards and can type-convert desert shrublands into grassland. Typically, areas that have been invaded with bufflegrass have decreased soil fertility, increased soil erosion, and altered fire regimes.  
67283https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/pennisetum-clandestinum-profile/Pennisetum clandestinum Kikuyu grass LimitedC*6132 132 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Pennisetum-clandestinum_kikuyugrass_JM-DiTomaso_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Pennisetum-clandestinum_florets-leaves-and-stem_copyright2008_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Pennisetum-clandestinum_growth-habit_copyright2014_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Pennisetum clandestinum (kikuyugrass) florets, leaves and stem. Photo: © 2008 Neal Kramer","Pennisetum clandestinum (kikuyugrass) growth habit. Photo: © 2014 Neal Kramer" Pennisetum clandestinum (kikuyugrass) is a perennial grass (family Poaceae) that prefers disturbed areas, such as roadsides, urban areas, cropland, turf, forested sites and wetland areas. Kikuyugrass reproduces from seed and vegetatively, using its extensive system of creeping stolons and rhizomes. Kikuyugrass populations can be controlled by hand removal if detected early. Agricultural and landscape maintenance equipment should be cleaned after use in areas with kikuyugrass infestations in order to prevent the spread of rhizome and stolon fragments.
67285https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/pennisetum-setaceum-profile/Pennisetum setaceumPennisetum ruppelii, Phalaris setaceum crimson fountain grass; purple fountain grass; tender fountain grass Moderate6133 133 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Pennisetum-setaceum_crimson-fountaingrass_-JM-Di-Tomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Pennisetum-setaceum_inflorescence_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Pennisetum-setaceum_growth-habit_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Pennisetum setaceum (crimson fountain grass) inflorescence. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Pennisetum setaceum (crimson fountain grass) growth habit. Photo: Zoya Akulova" Pennisetum setaceum (crimson fountaingrass) is a coarse tufted perennial grass (family Poaceae). It primarily grows along the southern California coast. Crimson fountaingrass is well adapted to fire, and plants can recover to pre-burn density, even increase in density, following a burn. It is cultivated as an ornamental, but the red cultivar is sterile and not considered invasive.
70890https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/pennisetum-villosum-profile/Pennisetum villosum feathertop Watch6134 244 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Pennisetum-villosum_C203-12.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Pennisetum-villosum_flower-spikes_RonVanderhoff.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Pennisetum-villosum_leaf-blade-and-sheath_RonVanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Pennisetum-villosum_seed-fruit_RonVanderhoff.jpg" "Photo: UC Davis Weeds of California","Pennisetum villosum (feathertop) flower spikes. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Pennisetum villosum (feathertop) leaf blade and sheath. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Pennisetum villosum (feathertop) seed (fruit). Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Pennisetum villosum (feathertop) is a perennial grass (family Poaceae) with fuzzy white to light brown flowers and long narrow leaves found in the Sierra Nevada range, central coast ranges and southwestern ranges of California. It is native to Africa. It favors grasslands, dunes, and scrub and chaparral habitat. It spreads via rhizomes and seed. Seeds travel via mud, machinery, water, wind, animals, humans and dumped garden waste.
70891https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/persicaria-wallichii-profile/Persicaria wallichii Himalayan knotweed Watch-*11015 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Persicaria-wallichii_Dean-Kelch_CDFA.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Persicaria-wallichii_leaves-adaxial-and-stem_PhilPullen.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Persicaria-wallichii_leaves-and-stem_PhilPullen.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Persicaria-wallichii_inflorescence_copyright_DeanKelchCDFA.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Persicaria-wallichii_growth-habit_copyright_DeanKelchCDFA.jpeg" "Photo: Dean Kelch","Persicaria wallichii (Himalayan knotweed) leaves (adaxial) and stem. Photo: Phil Pullen","Persicaria wallichii (Himalayan knotweed) leaves and stem. Photo: Phil Pullen","Persicaria wallichii (Himalayan knotweed) inflorescence. Photo: © Dean Kelch, CDFA","Persicaria wallichii (Himalayan knotweed) growth habit. Photo: © Dean Kelch, CDFA" Persicaria wallichii (Himalayan knotweed) is a perennial herb/ (family Polygonaceae) with white flowers and narrow leaves found in the north and central coast ranges of California. It is native to south-central Asia. It favors grasslands, wetlands, bog and marsh, and riparian and bottomland habitat. It spreads via small fragments that form new plants. Means of dispersal include wind, water, animals and humans.
67287https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/phalaris-aquatica-profile/Phalaris aquaticaPhalaris commutata, Phalaris stenoptera, Phalaris tuberosa harding grass; bulbous canarygrass; phalaris; toowoomba grass Moderate6416 134 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Phalaris-aquatica_hardinggrass_-JM-Di-Tomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Phalaris-aquatica_florets_copyright2008_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Phalaris-aquatica_inflorescence_copyright2008_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Phalaris-aquatica_leaf-blade-and-sheath_copyright2008_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Phalaris-aquatica_infestation_RonVanderhoff.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Phalaris aquatica (harding grass) florets. Photo: © 2008 Neal Kramer","Phalaris aquatica (harding grass) inflorescence. Photo: © 2008 Neal Kramer","Phalaris aquatica (harding grass) leaf blade and sheath. Photo: © 2008 Neal Kramer","Phalaris aquatica (harding grass) infestation. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Phalaris aquatica (harding grass) is a perennial grass (family Poaceae) found throughout California. Harding grass is widespread in California because it has been used as a forage species and for revegetating after fires. It is most common in coastal valley and foothill grasslands from Oregon to the Mexican border. It is also found in the Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys at elevations below 4,000 feet (1,200 m). Harding grass is typically found along roadsides that are seldom mowed, allowing this tall, erect, leafy plant to dominate neighboring vegetation. In wildland habitats, harding grass can out-compete and displace native plant species. Tall stands of its dry foliage can present a fire hazard in summer.
67289https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/phoenix-canariensis-profile/Phoenix canariensis Canary Island date palm Limited6449 91 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Phoenix-canariensis_young-canary-island-date-palm_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Phoenix-canariensis_fruits_copyright2014_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Phoenix-canariensis_mature-tree-maintained_copyright2014_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Phoenix-canariensis_naturalized-stand_copyright2014_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Phoenix canariensis (Canary Island date palm) fruits. Photo: © 2014 Neal Kramer","Phoenix canariensis (Canary Island date palm) mature tree (maintained). Photo: © 2014 Neal Kramer","Phoenix canariensis (Canary Island date palm) naturalized stand. Photo: © 2014 Neal Kramer"

Phoenix canariensis (Canary Island date palm) is a tree that has escaped cultivation in southern California to invade stream corridors as well as orchards and, occasionally, landscaped areas. As the name implies, Canary Island date palm is native to the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa. Growing to 25 m tall, Canary Island date palms tend to grow in clusters that form a dense canopy that excludes light from reaching beneath them, leading to a loss of native plants.

67293https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/phytolacca-americana-profile/Phytolacca americanaPhytolacca decandra L. in part. common pokeweed; American cancer; American pokeweed; cancer jalap; coakum; garget; inkberry; pigeonberry; poke; poke sallet; pokeberry; pokeweed; red-ink plant; redweed; scoke; Virgina poke Limited6491 245 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Phytolacca-americana_common-pokeweed_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Phytolacca-americana_flowers_copyright2014_NealKramer-1.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Phytolacca-americana_fruits_copyright2014_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Phytolacca-americana_growth-habit_copyright2018_NealKramer.jpg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Phytolacca americana (common pokeweed) flowers. Photo: © 2014 Neal Kramer","Phytolacca americana (common pokeweed) fruits. Photo: © 2014 Neal Kramer","Phytolacca americana (common pokeweed) growth habit. Photo: © 2018 Neal Kramer" Phytolacca americana (common pokeweed) is a tall perennial forb/herb (family Scrophulariaceae) that invades disturbed sites throughout most of California except the Great Basin and deserts. In the Southern U.S., specially prepared shoots and berries with the seeds removed are used in foods. However, all parts of the plant can be fatally toxic to humans and livestock.
70892https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/pittosporum-undulatum-profile/Pittosporum undulatum Victorian box Watch6548 247 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Pittosporum-undulatum_Zoya-Akulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Pittosporum-undulatum_leaves_RonVanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Pittosporum-undulatum_growth-habit_RonVanderhoff.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Pittosporum-undulatum_flowers_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Pittosporum-undulatum_fruits-and-seeds_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg" "Photo: Zoya Akulova","Pittosporum undulatum (Victorian box) leaves. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Pittosporum undulatum (Victorian box) growth habit. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Pittosporum undulatum (Victorian box) flowers. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Pittosporum undulatum (Victorian box) fruits and seeds. Photo: Zoya Akulova" Pittosporum undulatum (Victorian box) is a shrub/tree (family Pittosporaceae) with white flowers and narrow wavy leaves found in the San Francisco Bay area, Channel Islands and coastal ranges of California. It is native to southeastern Australia. It favors forests, woodlands, grasslands, and scrub and chaparral habitat. It spreads via seeds and roots. The sticky seeds are dispersed by birds and mammals.
67301https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/plantago-lanceolata-profile/Plantago lanceolata English plantain; buckhorn plantain; buck plantain; black-jacks; narrowleaf plantain; lanceleaf plantain; ribbed plantain; ribgrass; ribwort Limited6618 188 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Plantago-lanceolata_buckhorn-plantain_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Plantago-lanceolata_leaf_JohnDoyen.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Plantago-lanceolata_seedling_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Plantago-lanceolata_seeds_JeanPawek.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Plantago-lanceolata_inflorescence_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Plantago-lanceolata_growth-habit_KeirMorse.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Plantago lanceolata (English plantain) leaf. Photo: John Doyen","Plantago lanceolata (English plantain) seedling. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Plantago lanceolata (English plantain) seeds. Photo: Jean Pawek","Plantago lanceolata (English plantain) inflorescence. Photo: Keir Morse","Plantago lanceolata (English plantain) growth habit. Photo: Keir Morse"

Plantago lanceolata (buckhorn plantain, English plantain) is a perennial forb/herb (family Plantaginaceae) found widespread throughout California. This plant tolerates sand, clay and serpentine soils and thrives in disturbed areas. It is also a common lawn weed. It is considered a noxious weed to both livestock and native plants.

70893https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/plecostachys-serpyllifolia-profile/Plecostachys serpyllifolia petite-licorice Watch11936 11936 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Plecostachys-serpyllifolia_Ron-Vanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Plecostachys-serpyllifolia_flowers_Ron-Vanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Plecostachys-serpyllifolia_leaves-and-stem_RonVanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Plecostachys-serpyllifolia_growth-habit_RonVanderhoff.jpeg" "Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Plecostachys serpyllifolia (petite-licorice) flowers. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Plecostachys serpyllifolia (petite-licorice) leaves and stem. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Plecostachys serpyllifolia (petite-licorice) growth habit. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Plecostachys serpyllifolia (petite-licorice) is a subshrub/shrub (family Asteraceae) with tiny white flowers and tiny oval-shaped leaves found in the coastal ranges of California. It is native to southern Africa. It favors grasslands and meadows. It reproduces via seeds which travel by wind.
67303https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/poa-pratensis-profile/Poa pratensisPaneion pratense (L.) Lunell., several subspecies Kentucky bluegrass; smooth meadowgrass Limited6686 136 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Poa-pratensis_Kentucky-bluegrass_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Poa-pratensis_immature-florets_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Poa-pratensis_inflorescence_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Poa-pratensis_leaf-base-and-sheath_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Poa-pratensis_growth-habit_JeanPawek.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Poa pratensis (Kentucky bluegrass) immature florets. Photo: Keir Morse","Poa pratensis (Kentucky bluegrass) inflorescence. Photo: Keir Morse","Poa pratensis (Kentucky bluegrass) leaf base and sheath. Photo: Keir Morse","Poa pratensis (Kentucky bluegrass) growth habit. Photo: Jean Pawek" Poa pratensis (Kentucky bluegrass) is a perennial grass (family Poaceae) that has escaped cultivation and is found sporadically in many different habitats in California. Kentucky bluegrass can produce 200 seeds per panicle in the first year and the species increases with grazing and burning. Kentucky bluegrass out competes with native species, reducing overall diversity and altering species composition.
70894https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/polygala-myrtifolia-profile/Polygala myrtifolia myrtle-leaf milkwort Watch8704 8704 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Polygala-myrtifolia_Luigi-Rignanese-e1508437871442.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Polygala-myrtifolia_flowers-and-leaves_JuergenSchrenk.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Polygala-myrtifolia_growth-habit_JuergenSchrenk.jpg" "Photo: Luigi Rignanese","Polygala myrtifolia (myrtle-leaf milkwort) flowers and leaves. Photo: Juergen Schrenk","Polygala myrtifolia (myrtle-leaf milkwort) growth habit. Photo: Juergen Schrenk" Polygala myrtifolia (myrtle-leaf milkwort) is a shrub (family Polygalaceae) with pink-purple flowers and narrow leaves found in the central coast ranges of California. It is native to South Africa. It favors grasslands, woodlands, and riparian and bottomland habitat. It spreads only by seeds which travel via water, birds, ants and dumped garden waste.
67309https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/polypogon-monspeliensis-profile/Polypogon monspeliensisAgrostis alopecuroides Lam., Alopecurus aristatus var. monspeliensis (L.) Huds., Alopecurus monspeliensis L., Phleum crinitum Schreb., Phleum monspeliense Koel., Polypogon crinitus (Schreb.) Nutt., Polypogon flavescens J. Presl, Santia monspeliensis (L.) Parl. rabbitsfoot grass; annual beardgrass; rabbitfootgrass; tawny beardgrass Limited6784 189 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Polypogon-monspeliensis_rabbitsfoot-grass_Jutta-Burger_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Polypogon-monspeliensis_rabbitsfoot-grass_Bob-Case_cropped-scaled.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Polypogon-monspeliensis_inflorescences_copyright2007_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Jutta Burger","Polypogon monspeliensis (rabbitsfoot grass) growth habit. Photo: Bob Case","Polypogon monspeliensis (rabbitsfoot grass) inflorescences. Photo: © 2007 Neal Kramer" Polypogon monspeliensis and subspp. (rabbit foot Polypogon, annual beardgrass) is a winter or summer annual grass (family Poaceae), It is native to Europe, Asia, and northern Africa, and introduced into other parts of Africa, Australia, various islands, and North and South America.  Plants are variable in height, growing from 5 cm - 1 m. Leaves are finely haired and inflorescences are a dense panicle that resembles a rabbit\'s foot. It is widely distributed across California and typically restricted to moist areas where it can form dense stands and outcompete native vegetation.
67311https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/potamogeton-crispus-profile/Potamogeton crispus curly-leaved pondweed; curled pondweed; curly pondweed Moderate6806 92 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Potamogeton-crispus_curly-leaved-pondweed_John-Madsen_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Potemogeton-crispus_growth-habit_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Potemogeton-crispus_floating-leaves-and-stem_copyright2015_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: John Madsen","Potamogeton crispus (curly-leaved pondweed) growth habit. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Potamogeton crispus (curly-leaved pondweed) floating leaves and stem. Photo: © 2015 Neal Kramer"

Potamogeton crispus (curlyleaf pondweed) is an aquatic perennial (family Potamogetonaceae). The genus Potamogeton contains many widespread, variable species that are difficult to tell apart. Potamogeton species are important for wildlife, but they can become problems in managed aquatic systems such as irrigation canals. All species of Potamogeton are native to California except P. crispus. There is no evidence that curlyleaf pondweed hybridizes with native Potamogeton species, particularly since it primarily reproduces vegetatively.

95864https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/potentilla-recta-plant-profile/Potentilla rectaPentaphyllum rectum, Fragaria recta sulphur cinquefoil; rough-fruited cinquefoil, erect cinquefoil Watch-*6866 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Potentilla-recta_thumbnail_KeirMorse_0540.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Potentilla-recta_leaves-and-stem_KeirMorse.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Potentilla-recta_flower_KeirMorse.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Potentilla-recta_leaf_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Potentilla-recta_growth-habit_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Potentilla-recta_seed_JeanPawek.jpeg" "Photo: Keir Morse","Potentilla recta (sulphur cinquefoil) leaves and stem. Photo: Keir Morse","Potentilla recta (sulphur cinquefoil) flower. Photo: Keir Morse","Potentilla recta (sulphur cinquefoil) leaf. Photo: Keir Morse","Potentilla recta (sulphur cinquefoil) growth habit. Photo: Keir Morse","Potentilla recta (sulphur cinquefoil) seed. Photo: Jean Pawek" Potentilla recta (sulphur cinquefoil) is a perennial forb listed as a noxious weed in several states in the western US: California, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, Colorado, and Montana. It is native to the eastern Mediterranean and has naturalized in all lower US states except for Utah and Arizona. This plant produces copious seeds, has a high germination rate, and can establish viable seed banks for up to four years. These traits enable Potentilla recta to quickly establish and persist among native communities. This plant reduces the carrying capacity for livestock and ungulate wildlife in rangelands
67313https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/prunus-cerasifera-profile/Prunus cerasiferaNone known cherry plum; Myrobalan plum; Pissard plum; purpleleaf plum Limited6887 190 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Prunus_cerasifera_JDiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Prunus-cerasifera_flowers_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Prunus-cerasifera_fruit-mature-and-seeds_JeanPawek.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Prunus-cerasifera_fruits-stems-and-leaves_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Prunus-cerasifera_growth-habit_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Prunus-cerasifera_growth-habit_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Prunus cerasifera (cherry plum) flowers. Photo: Keir Morse","Prunus cerasifera (cherry plum) fruit (mature) and seeds. Photo: Jean Pawek","Prunus cerasifera (cherry plum) fruits, stems, and leaves. Photo: Keir Morse","Prunus cerasifera (cherry plum) growth habit. Photo: Keir Morse","Prunus cerasifera (cherry plum) growth habit. Photo: Zoya Akulova"

Prunus cerasifera (cherry plum) is a deciduous tree (family Rosaceae). It is an ornamental plant that has escaped cultivation, so it is often found near towns and along roadsides, as well as in chaparral, woodland, and riparian areas. Cherry plum\'s yellow to dark red fruits are distributed widely by people, birds, raccoons, and other wildlife. Although cherry plum trees may crowd out some native trees and shrubs, they usually grow quite sparsely, and so have a lesser impact than plants that grow in dense patches. Control cannot be achieved by simply cutting trees down, as the plant will resprout from trunks and roots.

128339https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/pulicaria-paludosa-profile/Pulicaria paludosaPulicaria arabica subsp. hispanica, Pulicaria hispanica, Pulicaria uliginosa Spanish false fleabane, Spanish sunflower Watch6948 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Pulicaria-paludosa_Morse.jpg","" "Photo: Keir Morse","" Pulicaria paludosa Link (Spanish false fleabane; Asteraceae) is an annual, biennial, or short-lived perennial that thrives in moist areas. It has simple, clasping leaves, a branched growth habit, and can grow up to a meter tall with a woody rhizomatous root system. It is native to the Mediterranean region of Portugal and Spain and was first reported in Orange County, California, in 1946. Pulicaria paludosa has since spread across Southern California and now occurs in in Clark County Nevada and Western Arizona, favoring disturbed sites along roadsides, wetlands, riparian corridors, and other damp, disturbed sites. It can form monocultures where it has become established and is considered a threat to native riparian species. Seed morphology suggests that it disperses mostly by wind, water, and soil movement. It is difficult to control due to its ability to resprout from rhizomes.
67315https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/pyracantha-angustifolia-profile/Pyracantha angustifoliaCotoneaster pyracantha (L.) Spach narrowleaf firethorn; slender firethorn; woolly firethorn Limited6955 191 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Pyracantha_angustifolia_JDiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Pyracantha-angustifolia_leaf-underside_JoeDiTomaso.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Pyracantha-angustifolia_leaves-stem-and-fruits_JoeDiTomaso.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Pyracantha-angustifolia_growth-habit_copyright2008_LynnOvertree.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Pyracantha angustifolia (narrowleaf firethorn) leaf (underside). Photo: Joe DiTomaso","Pyracantha angustifolia (narrowleaf firethorn) leaves, stem, and fruits. Photo: Joe DiTomaso","Pyracantha angustifolia (narrowleaf firethorn) growth habit. Photo: © 2008 Lynn Overtree" Pyracantha angustifolia (Pyracantha, firethorn) is an evergreen shrub with bright red berries and spiny branches (family Rosaceae). It is native to China. They are commonly found in disturbed sites, along roadsides, and in coastal scrub, prairie, and riparian areas. Pyracantha species, which have bright red berries and green foliage, are a common ornamental plant that have escaped cultivation. The fruits of Pyracantha are widely dispersed by birds, which may also nest in the bushes. However, successful new introductions are rare, especially in areas that do not provide the ideal cool, moist climate for Pyracantha.
71093https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/pyracantha-coccinea-profile/Pyracantha coccineaCotoneaster pyracantha (L.) Spach scarlet firethorn, firethorn Limited8726 191 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Pyracantha-coccinea_scarlet-firethorn_Ron-Vanderhoff.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Pyracantha-coccinea_leaves-and-fruits_LuigiRignanse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Pyracantha-coccinea_growth-habit-cultivated_LuigiRignanse.jpeg" "Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Pyracantha coccinea (scarlet firethorn) leaves and fruits. Photo: Luigi Rignanse","Pyracantha coccinea (scarlet firethorn) growth habit (cultivated). Photo: Luigi Rignanse" Pyracantha coccinea (Scarlet firethorn) is an evergreen shrub with bright red berries (family Rosaceae). It is commonly found in disturbed sites, along roadsides, and in coastal scrub, prairie, and riparian areas. Pyracantha species, which have bright red berries and green foliage, are a common ornamental plant that have escaped cultivation. The fruits of Pyracantha are widely dispersed by birds, which may also nest in the bushes. However, successful new introductions are rare, especially in areas that do not provide the ideal cool, moist climate for Pyracantha.
71094https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/pyracantha-crenulata-profile/Pyracantha crenulataCotoneaster pyracantha (L.) Spach Nepalese firethorn, Himalayan firethorn, Nepal firethorn Limited8728 191 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Pyracantha-crenulata_Nepalese-firethorn_Tony-Rodd_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Pyracantha-crenulata_leaves-stem-and-fruits_JoeDiTomaso.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Pyracantha-crenulata_growth-habit_JoeDiTomaso.jpeg" "Photo: Tony Rodd","Pyracantha crenulata (Nepalese firethorn) leaves, stem and fruits. Photo: Joe DiTomaso","Pyracantha crenulata (Nepalese firethorn) growth habit. Photo: Joe DiTomaso" Pyracantha crenulata (Nepalese firethorn) is an evergreen shrub with bright red berries (family Rosaceae). It is commonly found in disturbed sites, along roadsides, and in coastal scrub, prairie, and riparian areas. Pyracantha species, which have bright red berries and green foliage, are a common ornamental plant that have escaped cultivation. The fruits of Pyracantha are widely dispersed by birds, which may also nest in the bushes. However, successful new introductions are rare, especially in areas that do not provide the ideal cool, moist climate for Pyracantha.
70895https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/pyrus-calleryana-profile/Pyrus calleryana Callery pear Watch12819 12819 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Pyrus-calleryana_Gary-A.-Monroe.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Pyrus-calleryana_bud_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Pyrus-calleryana_flowers_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Pyrus-calleryana_fruits_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Pyrus-calleryana_leaf_ZoyaAkulova.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Pyrus-calleryana_growth-habit-cultivated_ZoyaAkulova.jpg" "Photo: Gary A. Monroe","Pyrus calleryana (Callery pear) bud. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Pyrus calleryana (Callery pear) flowers. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Pyrus calleryana (Callery pear) fruits. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Pyrus calleryana (Callery pear) leaf. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Pyrus calleryana (Callery pear) growth habit (cultivated). Photo: Zoya Akulova" Pyrus calleryana (Callery pear) is a tree (family Rosaceae) with white flowers and oval-shaped leaves found in the Central Valley of California. It is native to China and Vietnam. It favors grasslands and woodlands. It spreads via seeds and root suckers. Seeds are dispersed from ornamental trees via birds.
67317https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/ranunculus-repens-profile/Ranunculus repens creeping buttercup Limited7056 192 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ranunculus-repens_creeping-buttercup_-JM-Di-Tomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ranunculus-repens_flower-side-view_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ranunculus-repens_leaf_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ranunculus-repens_leaf-bases_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ranunculus-repens_growth-habit_JeanPawek.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Ranunculus repens (creeping buttercup) flower (side-view). Photo: Keir Morse","Ranunculus repens (creeping buttercup) leaf. Photo: Keir Morse","Ranunculus repens (creeping buttercup) leaf bases. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Ranunculus repens (creeping buttercup) growth habit. Photo: Jean Pawek"

Ranunculus repens (creeping buttercup) is a spreading perennial forb/herb (family Ranunculaceae), found in many coastal areas of California. It can sometimes form large monocultures, especially in moist areas.

67319https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/raphanus-sativus-profile/Raphanus sativusR. raphanistrum var. sativus wild radish Limited7064 137 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Raphanus-sativus_radish-flower_fruit_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Raphanus-sativus_flowers_copyright2009_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Raphanus-sativus_fruits_copyright2008_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Raphanus-sativus_leaves_copyright2012_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Raphanus-sativus_infestation_copyright2012_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Raphanus sativus (wild radish) flowers. Photo: © 2009 Neal Kramer","Raphanus sativus (wild radish) fruits. Photo: © 2008 Neal Kramer","Raphanus sativus (wild radish) leaves. Photo: © 2012 Neal Kramer","Raphanus sativus (wild radish) infestation. Photo: © 2012 Neal Kramer" Raphanus sativus (wild radish) is an annual or occasionally a perennial (family Brassicaceae) that frequently invades grasslands and open/disturbed areas, including roadsides in California. Wild radish may also be found in wetland areas. Wild radishes are capable of excluding native plant species and are, on rare occasion, toxic to livestock.
70896https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/rhamnus-alaternus-profile/Rhamnus alaternus Italian buckthorn Watch9447 9447 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Rhamnus-alaternus_Italian-buckthorn_RonVanderhoff_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Rhamnus-alaternus_flowers_RonVanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Rhamnus-alaternus_leaves-and-stem_RonVanderhoff.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Rhamnus-alaternus_growth-habit_RonVanderhoff.jpeg" "Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Rhamnus alaternus (Italian buckthorn) flowers. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Rhamnus alaternus (Italian buckthorn) leaves and stem. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Rhamnus alaternus (Italian buckthorn) growth habit. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Rhamnus alaternus (Italian buckthorn) is a shrub (family Rhamnaceae) with tiny green to white flowers and oval-shaped leaves found in the San Francisco Bay area and central and south coast ranges of California. It is native to the Mediterranean. It favors scrub and chaparral, forests, and riparian and bottomland habitat. It spreads via seed and resprouts vigorously from the base after damage. Seeds are spread by fruit-eating birds and mammals, ants and in dumped garden waste.
66989https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/acroptilon-repens-profile/Rhaponticum repensAcroptilon repens, Centaurea repens Russian knapweed, hardheads, creeping knapweed, mountain bluet, Turkestan thistle ModerateB*13621 1 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Acroptilon-repens_Russian-knapweed_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Acroptilon-repens_Russian-knapweed_Bob-Case_cropped-scaled.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Rhaponticum-repens_leaves-and-stem_copyright2021_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Rhaponticum-repens_seed-achene_copyright2021_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Rhaponticum-repens_flower-head_RichardSpellenberg.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Rhaponticum-repens_growth-habit_RichardSpellenberg.jpeg" "Photo: David Chang","Rhaponticum repens (Russian knapweed) rosette. Photo: Bob Case","Rhaponticum repens (Russian knapweed) leaves and stem. Photo: © 2021 Neal Kramer","Rhaponticum repens (Russian knapweed) seed (achene). Photo: © 2021 Neal Kramer","Rhaponticum repens (Russian knapweed) flower head. Photo: Richard Spellenberg","Rhaponticum repens (Russian knapweed) growth habit. Photo: Richard Spellenberg" Rhaponticum repens (Russian knapweed) is a perennial forb (family Asteraceae) found in isolated patches throughout California. It may have allelopathic properties. This plant is toxic to horses and crowds out native species.
67322https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/ricinus-communis-profile/Ricinus communis castor bean Limited7153 138 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ricinus-communis_castorbean_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ricinus-communis_female-top-and-male-bottom-flowers_copyright2019_NealKramer.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ricinus-communis_fruits-immature_copyright2011_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ricinus-communis_leaf_copyright2011_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ricinus-communis_seeds_RonVanderhoff.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Ricinus communis (castor bean) female (top) and male (bottom) flowers. Photo: © 2019 Neal Kramer","Ricinus communis (castor bean) fruits (immature). Photo: © 2011 Neal Kramer","Ricinus communis (castor bean) leaf. Photo: © 2011 Neal Kramer","Ricinus communis (castor bean) seeds. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Ricinus communis (castor bean) is an herbaceous plant or semi-woody large shrub or small tree (family Euphorbiaceae). It grows quickly in mild climates and has escaped cultivation to become a noxious weed in southern and central California. Castor bean contains ricin, an extremely toxic chemical that can kill an adult who consumes only four to eight seeds. Handling foliage and seeds can cause severe dermatitis.
67324https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/robinia-pseudoacacia-profile/Robinia pseudoacacia black locust Limited7156 40 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Robinia-pseudoacacia_Black-locust_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Robinia-pseudoacacia_leaves-and-flowers_copyright2013_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Robinia-pseudoacacia_leaflet-tip_RonVanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Robinia-pseudoacacia_thorns_RonVanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Robinia-pseudoacacia_growth-habit_RonVanderhoff.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Robinia pseudoacacia (black locust) leaves and flowers. Photo: © 2013 Neal Kramer","Robinia pseudoacacia (black locust) leaflet tip. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Robinia pseudoacacia (black locust) thorns. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Robinia pseudoacacia (black locust) growth habit. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Robinia pseudoacacia (black locust) is a deciduous tree (family Fabaceae) that grows to 100 feet tall. Historically planted as a landscape tree, black locust has escaped cultivation and become invasive in California and elsewhere. It can grow on a wide range of sites, but grows best on rich, moist, limestone-derived soils. It does not do well on heavy or poorly drained soils, although it appears to be tolerant of some flooding. Through root sprouts and seedling establishment, black locust creates large stands that displace native vegetation. Its seeds, leaves, and bark are toxic to humans and livestock.
70897https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/romulea-rosea-profile/Romulea rosea var. australisRomulea rosea rosy sandcrocus Watch10308 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Romula-rosea_Neal-Kramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Romulea-rosea-var-australis_flowers_copyright2007_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Romulea-rosea-var-australis_fruitopen-with-seeds_copyright2010_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Neal Kramer","Romulea rosea var australis (rosy sandcrocus) flowers. Photo: © 2007 Neal Kramer","Romulea rosea var australis (rosy sandcrocus) fruit (open) with seeds. Photo: © 2010 Neal Kramer" Romulea rosea var. australis (rosy sandcrocus) is a perennial herb/ (family Iridaceae) with pink flowers and long narrow leaves (grasslike) found in the San Francisco Bay area, Sacramento Valley and north and central coast ranges of California. It is native to southern Africa. It favors grasslands, woodlands and dunes. It spreads via corms that build up in the soil locally and may also be propagated by seed. Means of dispersal include animals and machinery.
67326https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/rubus-armeniacus-profile/Rubus armeniacusRubus discolor Weihe & Nees., Rubus procerus Muller, Rubus grabowskii Weihe ex Gunther et al., Rubus praecox Bertol. Himalayan blackberry High10319 139 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Rubus-armeniacus_Hilamalaya-blackberry_-JM-Di-Tomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Rubus-armeniacus_leaflets-upper-and-underside_copyright2013_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Rubus-armeniacus_leaves-stems-and-thorns_copyright2011_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Rubus armeniacus (Himalayan blackberry) leaflets (upper and underside). Photo: © 2013 Neal Kramer","Rubus armeniacus (Himalayan blackberry) leaves, stems, and thorns. Photo: © 2011 Neal Kramer" Rubus armeniacus (Himalayan blackberry), formerly known as Rubus discolor, is a sprawling, essentially evergreen, glandless, robust shrub (family Rosaceae). Rubus armeniacus occurs in California in the coast ranges, Central Valley, and Sierra Nevada. This weed is a strong competitor. It rapidly displaces native plant species and thickets to produce such a dense canopy that the lack of light severely limits the growth of understory plants.
67328https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/rumex-acetosella-profile/Rumex acetosellaAcetosella vulgaris sheep sorrel Moderate7213 193 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Rumex-acetosella_red-sorrell_-JM-Di-Tomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Rumex-acetosella_flowers_copyright2009_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Rumex-acetosella_immature-plant_copyright2010_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Rumex acetosella (sheep sorrel) flowers. Photo: © 2009 Neal Kramer","Rumex acetosella (sheep sorrel) immature plant. Photo: © 2010 Neal Kramer"

Rumex acetosella (red sorrel, sheep sorrel) is a perennial forb/herb (family Polygonaceae). In California, sheep sorrel occurs in a freshwater marsh community and is common in annual grasslands, montane meadows and perennial bunchgrass communities.

67330https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/rumex-crispus-profile/Rumex crispus curly dock Limited7215 194 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Rumex-crispus.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Rumex-crispus_winged-fruits_copyright2021_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Rumex-crispus_growth-habit-senescent-plant_copyright2008_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Stickpen via Wikimedia Commons","Rumex crispus (curly dock) winged fruits. Photo: © 2021 Neal Kramer","Rumex crispus (curly dock) growth habit (senescent plant). Photo: © 2008 Neal Kramer"

Rumex crispus (curly dock) is a perennial forb/herb (family Polygonaceae) found throughout California. It can grow in many habitats, including grassy places, waste ground, roadsides and near sand dunes but is primarily found in flood plains and in agricultural areas.

70898https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/rytidosperma-caespitosum-profile/Rytidosperma caespitosum wallabygrass Watch12000 12000 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Rytidosperma-caespitosum_Keir-Morse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Rytidosperma-caespitosum_inflorescence-seed-release_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Rytidosperma-caespitosum_leaf-blade-and-sheath_copyright2008_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Rytidosperma-caespitosum_seed-caryopsis-with-appendages_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Rytidosperma-caespitosum_leaves_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Rytidosperma-caespitosum_growth-habit_KeirMorse.jpeg" "Photo: Keir Morse","Rytidosperma caespitosum (wallabygrass) inflorescence (seed release). Photo: Keir Morse","Rytidosperma caespitosum (wallabygrass) leaf blade and sheath. Photo: © 2008 Neal Kramer","Rytidosperma caespitosum (wallabygrass) seed (caryopsis) with appendages. Photo: Keir Morse","Rytidosperma caespitosum (wallabygrass) leaves. Photo: Keir Morse","Rytidosperma caespitosum (wallabygrass) growth habit. Photo: Keir Morse" Rytidosperma caespitosum (wallabygrass) is a perennial grass (family Poaceae) that can grow to be more than 2 feet tall and is found in the central and south coast ranges of California. It is native to Australia. It favors grasslands and dunes. It spreads via seed, often along roadsides. Its seeds are bristly and get carried by the wind. Humans and machinery also disperse the seeds.
67332https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/danthonia-pilosa-profile/Rytidosperma penicillatumDanthonia pilosa R. Br.; Rytidosperma pilosum (R. Br.) Connor & Edgar hairy wallaby grass; hairy oat grass Limited10684 10684 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Rytidosperma-penicillatum_hairy-wallaby-grass_Michael-Uhler_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Rytidosperma-penicillatum_hairy-wallaby-grass_Zoya-Akulova_-cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Rytidosperma-penicillatum_seed-caryopsis-with-appendages_EricWrubel.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Rytidosperma-penicillatum_growth-habit_EricWrubel.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Rytidosperma-penicillatum_infestation_copyright2008_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Michael Uhler","Rytidosperma penicillatum (hairy wallaby grass) inflorescence. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Rytidosperma penicillatum (hairy wallaby grass) seed (caryopsis) with appendages. Photo: Eric Wrubel","Rytidosperma penicillatum (hairy wallaby grass) growth habit. Photo: Eric Wrubel","Rytidosperma penicillatum (hairy wallaby grass) infestation. Photo: © 2008 Neal Kramer" Rytidosperma penicillatum (= Danthonia pilosa) (hairy wallaby grass) is a perennial (family Poaceae) native to Australia. It is also found in Oregon and grows in disturbed open areas, meadows, and conifer forests.
67334https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/saccharum-ravennae-profile/Saccharum ravennaeErianthus ravennae (L.) P.Beauv and subspecies. ravennagrass; hardy pampas grass; plume grass; canna di Ravenna ModerateB*7242 94 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Saccharum-ravennae_ravennagrass_-JM-Di-Tomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Saccharum-ravennae_inflorescence-leaves-and-stem_SteveMatson.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Saccharum-ravennae_leaf-blade-and-sheath_SteveMatson.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Saccharum-ravennae_infestation_copyright2014_MollyFerrell.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Saccharum-ravennae_growth-habit_copyright2011_MikePerlmutter.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Saccharum ravennae (ravennagrass) inflorescence, leaves, and stem. Photo: Steve Matson","Saccharum ravennae (ravennagrass) leaf blade and sheath. Photo: Steve Matson","Saccharum ravennae (ravennagrass) infestation. Photo: © 2014 Molly Ferrell","Saccharum ravennae (ravennagrass) growth habit. Photo: © 2011 Mike Perlmutter" Saccharum ravennae (ravennagrass) is a large perennial grass (family Poaceae) found in the Sonoran Desert and Sacramento Valley of California. It is also found in a number of other states throughout the country. Ravennagrass is sold in the nursery trade as a hardier alternative to pampas grass, since it can grow in cooler climates. Ravennagrass grows in moist places such as marshes and riparian areas, establishing itself easily in disturbed areas. It is spreading rapidly along Cache Creek in the Sacramento Valley.
70899https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/salpichroa-origanifolia-profile/Salpichroa origanifolia lily of the valley vine WatchC7292 7292 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Salpichroa-origanifolia_Zoya-Akulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Salpichroa-origanifolia_flower_RonVanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Salpichroa-origanifolia_leaves-underside-and-stem_RonVanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Salpichroa-origanifolia_growth-habit_RonVanderhoff.jpeg" "Photo: Zoya Akulova","Salpichroa origanifolia (lily of the valley vine) flower. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Salpichroa origanifolia (lily of the valley vine) leaves (underside) and stem. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Salpichroa origanifolia (lily of the valley vine) growth habit. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Salpichroa origanifolia (lily of the valley vine) is a vine (family Solanaceae) with white flowers and oval-shaped leaves found in the San Francisco Bay area, Sacramento Valley and southwestern ranges of California. It is native to South America. It occurs in grasslands. It spreads via seeds, root fragments and pieces of underground stems. These stems are spread via dumped garden waste. Animals, wind, water and human activities can also spread seeds.
67336https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/salsola-paulsenii-profile/Salsola paulseniiformerly considered part of Russian thistle species (Salsola iberica or Salsola tragus) barbwire Russian thistle Limited-*7294 195 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Salsola-paulsenii_barbwire-Russian-thistle_JM-DiTomaso_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Salsola-paulsenii_flowers-leaves-and-stem_copyright2018_NealKramer.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Salsola-paulsenii_growth-habit-senescent_copyright2018_NealKramer.jpg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Salsola paulsenii (barbwire Russian thistle) flowers, leaves, and stem. Photo: © 2018 Neal Kramer","Salsola paulsenii (barbwire Russian thistle) growth habit (senescent). Photo: © 2018 Neal Kramer" Salsola paulsenii (barbwire Russian thistle) is a bushy annual (family Chenopodiaceae) found throughout the Mojave Desert of California. It is native to southeastern Europe, central Asia. It prefers loose, sandy soils in desert scrub and disturbed areas, such as roadsides and cultivated fields. Barbwire Russian thistle is easily confused with Russian thistle (Salsola tragus), and the two species can hybridize, making a plant that looks like a mix between the two species. Both species reproduce using seeds which can only survive for up to two years in the soil. Cultivation can effectively control barbwire Russian thistle seedlings, but must be repeated until all seeds in the seedbank loose viability.
70900https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/salsola-ryanii-profile/Salsola ryanii Ryan's Russian thistle Watch12005 12005 Salsola ryanii (Ryan\'s Russian thistle) is an annual herb/ (family Chenopodiaceae) with white to pink papery flowers and small narrow leaves found in the Central Valley and southwestern ranges of California. It is native to Australia or South Africa. It favors grasslands and dunes. It spreads via seed. It exhibits a “tumbling” habit allowing long-distance dispersal via wind.
67338https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/salsola-soda-profile/Salsola soda glasswort; oppositeleaf Russian thistle Moderate7295 196 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Salsola-soda_Glasswort_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Salsola-soda_leaves-stems-and-fruits_copyright2015_NealKramer.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Salsola-soda_growth-habit_copyright2015_NealKramer.jpg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Salsola soda (glasswort) leaves, stems and fruits. Photo: © 2015 Neal Kramer","Salsola soda (glasswort) growth habit. Photo: © 2015 Neal Kramer"

Salsola soda (oppositeleaf Russian thistle, glasswort) is an annual (family Chenopodiaceae) found in the San Francisco Bay region. Oppositeleaf Russian thistle is native to southern Europe and inhabits vernal pools, swamps, mudflats and salt marshes. It may form dense stands in estuaries, especially in disturbed areas or places where dredge soil is discharged. It is also widespread in undisturbed salt marsh areas in the southern San Francisco Bay. Oppositeleaf Russian thistle’s floating fruits act to distribute its seeds on tidal currents.

67340https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/salsola-tragus-profile/Salsola tragusSalsola australis, S. iberica, S. kali var. tenuifolia, S. kali ssp. ruthenica, S. kali ssp. tenuifolia, S. kali ssp. tragus, S. pestifera, S. ruthenica. Russian thistle; common saltwort; prickly Russian thistle; Russian tumbleweed; tumbleweed; tumbling weed; windwitch; witchweed; prickly glasswort LimitedC*7296 197 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Salsola-tragus_Russian-thistle_Bob-Case_cropped-scaled.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Salsola-tragus_Russian-thistle_JM-DiTomaso_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Salsola-tragus_flower_RonVanderhoff.jpeg" "Photo: Bob Case","Salsola tragus (Russian thistle) leaves and stem. Photo: JM DiTomaso","Salsola tragus (Russian thistle) flower. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Salsola tragus (Russian-thistle) is a large, bushy summer annual (family Chenopodiaceae). It can be found throughout California, including in agricultural areas, desert, roadsides and other disturbed areas. Russian-thistle can impede traffic, create fire hazards, and is a host of the beet leaf-hopper, an agricultural insect pest.
67342https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/salvia-aethiopis-profile/Salvia aethiopis Mediterranean sage; African sage Limited-*7297 198 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Salvia-aethiopis_Mediterranean-sage_Bob-Case_cropped-scaled.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Salvia-aethiopis_Mediterranean-sage_-JM-Di-Tomaso_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Salvia-aethiopis_flower_DDixon-CDFA_cropped.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Salvia-aethiopis_growth-habit_Dean-Kelch-CDFA_cropped.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Salvia-aethiopis_leaves_Douglas-Barbe-CDFA_cropped.jpeg" "Photo: Bob Case","Salvia aethiopis (Mediterranean sage) inflorescences. Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Salvia aethiopis (Mediterranean sage) flower. Photo: DDixon, CDFA","Salvia aethiopis (Mediterranean sage) growth habit. Photo: Dean Kelch, CDFA ","Salvia aethiopis (Mediterranean sage) leaves. Photo: Douglas Barbe, CDFA " Salvia aethiopis (Mediterranean sage) is a biennial or short-lived perennial herb (family Lamiaceae) with very woolly leaves. It typically invades rangeland in northern California.
67344https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/salvinia-molesta-profile/Salvinia molestaThe Salvinia genus is a complex of closely-related aquatic ferns that are difficult to distinguish from one another: Salvinia auriculata, S. biloba, S. hertzogii, S. molesta giant Salvinia; karibaweed; water velvet; African pyle; aquarium watermoss; water fern; koi kandy High-*8734 95 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Salvinia_molesta_Issempa_Wikimedia-Commons.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Salvinia-molesta_leafclose-up_copyright2001_CDFA.jpeg" "Photo: Issempa, via Wikimedia Commons","Salvinia molesta (giant Salvinia) leaf (close-up). Photo: © 2001 CDFA" Salvinia molesta (giant Salvinia) is a floating aquatic fern (family Salviniaceae) found in the lower Colorado River and its drainages in the Sonoran Desert, and in San Luis Obispo County, California. Giant Salvinia was originally introduced for use in aquaria and ponds. It is native to Brazil. It grows in dense mats that may completely cover water surfaces, preventing water movement, increasing stagnation, and decreasing available oxygen. The thick mats exclude native plants, animals and recreationists while creating more habitat for mosquitoes. Giant Salvinia is listed as a federal and state noxious weed.
67346https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/saponaria-officinalis-profile/Saponaria officinalisLychnis saponaria Jessen bouncing-bet; bouncing betty; soapwort; goodbye summer Limited7344 199 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Saponaria-officinalis_Bouncingbet_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Saponaria-officinalis_flowers_copyright2009_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Saponaria-officinalis_growth-habit_copyright2009_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Saponaria officinalis (bouncing-bet) flowers. Photo: © 2009 Neal Kramer","Saponaria officinalis (bouncing-bet) growth habit. Photo: © 2009 Neal Kramer" Saponaria officinalis (bouncing-bet) is a perennial (family Caryophyllaceae)  that is native to Europe and Siberia. It has escaped gardens where it has been grown as an ornamental and medicinal plant and is now broadly naturalized across the continental United State. In California it is especially problematic near Mono Lake. Bouncing-bet can be distinguished by its showy white to pink clustered, five-petaled flowers, and its unbranched, upright stature (growing to 0.7 m), rhizomatous habit, sessile, opposite leaves, and frequently red-tinged stems. It can invade disturbed sites, agricultural habitats, grasslands, and stream sides, where it outcompetes native vegetation. Bouncing-bet is considered poisonous if ingested because of its high saponin content.  
70901https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/scabiosa-atropurpurea-profile/Scabiosa atropurpurea pincushion flower Watch7374 7374 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Scabiosa-atropurpurea_Neal-Kramer-.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Scabiosa-atropurpurea_flower-head-early-flower_copyright2008_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Neal Kramer","Scabiosa atropurpurea (pincushion flower) flower head (early flower). Photo: © 2008 Neal Kramer" Scabiosa atropurpurea (pincushion flower) is a herb/ (family Dipsacaceae) with red to purple flowers and narrow leaves found in the Central Valley and central and south coast ranges of California. It is native to southern Europe. It favors grasslands. It propagates by seeds which are dispersed by animals.
67348https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/schinus-molle-profile/Schinus molle Peruvian peppertree; California peppertree Limited7378 140 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Schinus-molle_Peruvian-peppertree_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Schinus-molle_flowers_RonVanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Schinus-molle_leaf-and-fruits_copyright2009_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Schinus molle (Peruvian peppertree) flowers. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Schinus molle (Peruvian peppertree) leaf and fruits. Photo: © 2009 Neal Kramer" Schinus molle (Peruvian peppertree) is an aromatic, evergreen shrub or tree (family Anacardiaceae) found in central and southern California. It is native to more arid parts of the Andes and elsewhere in south America and has been widely introduced as a street tree elsewhere around the world. Like its close relative, Brazilian peppertree (S. terebinthifolius), Peruvian peppertree has escaped cultivation to become invasive in California, as well as in other regions such as Australia and southern Africa. Peruvian peppertree grows to 15 m and has glabrous, pinnately compound leaves with narrow leaflets. Fruits are pink and occasionally sold as a spice. This tree can invade desert washes and other dry habitats and is considered mildly invasive in southern California.
67350https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/schinus-terebinthifolius-profile/Schinus terebinthifoliaSchinus mucronulata, Schinus antiarthriticus, Schinus terebinthifolius Brazilian pepper tree; Christmas-berry tree; Christmasberry; Florida holly Moderate7379 141 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Schinus-terebinthifolius_Brazilian-peppertree_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Schinus-terebinthifolius_leaves-and-fruit_JoeDiTomaso.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Schinus-terebinthifolius_infestation_RonVanderhoff.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Schinus terebinthifolia (Brazilian pepper tree) leaves and fruit. Photo: Joe DiTomaso","Schinus terebinthifolia (Brazilian pepper tree) infestation. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Schinus terebinthifolia (Brazilian peppertree) is an evergreen shrub or tree found along portions of the southern coast of California. Brazilian peppertree prefers riparian areas, canyons, fields and roadsides where some water is available throughout the year. Its pink fruits are sold as peppercorns, but they may be toxic to humans and animals if too many are eaten. In California, Brazilian peppertree is not yet a very large problem, but it has been a very aggressive invader in tropical areas like Hawaii and Florida. In order to control peppertree infestations, tree roots must be removed or killed, and seedlings must be controlled by hand-pulling for at least three years.
67352https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/schismus-arabicus-profile/Schismus arabicus Mediterranean grass; Arabian schismus Limited7380 97 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Schismus-arabicus_Arabian-Mediterranean-grass_-JM-Di-Tomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Schismus-arabicus_inflorescence_copyright2020_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Schismus-arabicus_growth-habit_JoeDiTomaso.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Schismus arabicus (Mediterranean grass) inflorescence. Photo: © 2020 Neal Kramer","Schismus arabicus (Mediterranean grass) growth habit. Photo: Joe DiTomaso" Schismus arabicus (Mediterranean grass) is an annual grass (family Poaceae) found mostly in disturbed areas and deserts. It is difficult to distinguish from its close relative Schismus barbatus. Both species contribute to the conversion of desert shrubland into annual grassland by carrying fire across open areas, where they ignite and kill native shrubs.
71110https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/schismus-barbatus-profile/Schismus barbatus common Mediterranean grass; Old han schismus Limited7381 97 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Schismus-barbatus_common-mediterranean-grass_Ron-Vanderhoff.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Schismus-barbatus_leaves-and-leaf-sheaths_JoeDiTomaso.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Schismus-barbatus_inflorescence_JoeDiTomaso.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Schismus-barbatus_growth-habit_copyright2010_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Schismus barbatus (common Mediterranean grass) leaves and leaf sheaths. Photo: Joe DiTomaso","Schismus barbatus (common Mediterranean grass) inflorescence. Photo: Joe DiTomaso","Schismus barbatus (common Mediterranean grass) growth habit. Photo: © 2010 Neal Kramer" Schismus barbatus (common Mediterranean grass) is an annual grass (family Poaceae) found mostly in disturbed areas and deserts. It is difficult to distinguish from its close relative Schismus arabicus.  Both species contribute to the conversion of desert shrubland into annual grassland by carrying fire across open areas, where they ignite and kill native shrubs.
70902https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/scolymus-hispanicus-profile/Scolymus hispanicus goldenthistle Watch-*7417 7417 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Scolymus-hispanicus_C030-14.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Scolymus-hispanicus_leaf_copyright_CDFA.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Scolymus-hispanicus_rosette_copyright_CDFA.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Scolymus-hispanicus_growth-habit-mature_copyright_CDFA.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Scolymus-hispanicus_flower-heads_copyright_CDFA.jpeg" "Photo: UC Davis Weeds of California","Scolymus hispanicus (goldenthistle) leaf. Photo: © CDFA","Scolymus hispanicus (goldenthistle) rosette. Photo: © CDFA","Scolymus hispanicus (goldenthistle) growth habit (mature). Photo: © CDFA","Scolymus hispanicus (goldenthistle) flower heads. Photo: © CDFA" Scolymus hispanicus (goldenthistle) is a herb/ (family Asteraceae) with yellow flowers and spiny narrow leaves found in the central western ranges of California. It is native to Europe. It grows in grasslands. It propagates by seed. The spiny seed heads can get caught in wool, carried by wind and spread by agricultural equipment.
97217https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/senecio-elegans-profile/Senecio elegansSenecio elegans var. elegans redpurple ragwort, purple ragwort, wild cineraria Watch7487 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Senecio-elegans_EthanRayner_profile.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Senecio-elegans_fruit-seed-with-pappus_RichardSpellenberg.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Senecio-elegans_branch-with-flower-heads_ChrisWinchell.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Senecio-elegans_growth-habit_ChrisWinchell.jpeg" "Photo: Ethan Rayner, California State Parks","Senecio elegans (redpurple ragwort) fruit (seed) with pappus. Photo: Richard Spellenberg","Senecio elegans (redpurple ragwort) branch with flower heads. Photo: Chris Winchell","Senecio elegans (redpurple ragwort) growth habit. Photo: Chris Winchell" Redpurple ragwort (Senecio elegans L.) is an annual herbaceous plant native to Cape region of South Africa. Leaves and stems are covered in dense glandular hairs; flower heads are comprised of purple ray- and yellow disk florets; plants can grow to a height of 1m. It has been introduced across Europe as an ornamental. Senecio elegans has naturalized and spread in dune habitat along the coast of California since it was first recorded from San Francisco County in the mid 1920\'s, likely as an escaped cultivar. It is also well established in its introduced range along the southeastern and southwestern coast of Australia, where it is listed as an environmental weed, as well as in New Zealand and the Azores.
71224https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/senecio-glomeratus-profile/Senecio glomeratusErechtites glomeratus, Erechtities glomerata cutleaf burnweed, cutleaf fireweed, New Zealand fireweed, Australian burnweed, bushman's burnweed, cut-leaved coast fireweed, Australian fireweed, little fireweed, coastal burnweed, Australian burnweed, toothed coast fireweed Moderate10688 172 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Erechtites-glomerata_cutleaf-burnweed_J.M.-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Senecio-glomeratus_flower-heads_copyright2019_NealKramer.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Senecio-glomeratus_leaf-cauline_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Senecio-glomeratus_rosette_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Senecio-glomeratus_seedling_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Senecio-glomeratus_seed-achene_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Senecio-glomeratus_growth-habit_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Senecio glomeratus (cutleaf burnweed) flower heads. Photo: © 2019 Neal Kramer","Senecio glomeratus (cutleaf burnweed) leaf (cauline). Photo: Zoya Akulova","Senecio glomeratus (cutleaf burnweed) rosette. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Senecio glomeratus (cutleaf burnweed) seedling. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Senecio glomeratus (cutleaf burnweed) seed (achene). Photo: Zoya Akulova","Senecio glomeratus (cutleaf burnweed) growth habit. Photo: Zoya Akulova" Senecio glomeratus (cutleaf burnweed) is an annual or short-lived perennial in the Asteraceae family. It is among the most serious plant pests on the Channel Islands and also occurs along the mainland California coast. Cutleaf burnweed moves quickly into disturbed areas and is widespread in disturbed sites within North Coast redwood forests. It can also invade undisturbed grasslands.
67354https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/senecio-jacobaea-profile/Senecio jacobaea tansy ragwort; stinking willie; stavewort; kettle-dock; felonweed; Fairies' horse; tansy butterweed; staggerwort Limited-*7508 200 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Senecio-jacobaea_tansy-ragwort_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Senecio-jacobaea_flower-heads_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Senecio-jacobaea_leaf_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Senecio-jacobaea_seedling_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Senecio-glomeratus_seed-achene_ZoyaAkulova-1.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Senecio-jacobaea_growth-habit_JeanPawek.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Senecio-jacobaea_infestation_copyright_DeanKelchCDFA.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Senecio jacobaea (tansy ragwort) flower heads. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Senecio jacobaea (tansy ragwort) leaf. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Senecio jacobaea (tansy ragwort) seedling. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Senecio jacobaea (tansy ragwort) seed (achene). Photo: Zoya Akulova","Senecio jacobaea (tansy ragwort) growth habit. Photo: Jean Pawek","Senecio jacobaea (tansy ragwort) infestation. Photo: © Dean Kelch, CDFA" Senecio jacobaea (tansy ragwort) is a noxious biennial, perennial, or winter annual forb/herb (family Asteraceae) found in northern California, along disturbed places, roadsides, and waste sites. This plant is poisonous if consumed by forage animals. Bees foraging on tansy ragwort produce bitter honey that is tainted with alkaloids.
70903https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/senecio-linearifolius-profile/Senecio linearifolius fireweed groundsel Watch-*12149 12149 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Senecio-linearifolius_Ron-Vanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Senecio-linearifolius_leaf-bases-and-stem_RonVanderhoff.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Senecio-linearifolius_flowerheads_RonVanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Senecio-linearifolius_growth-habit_RonVanderhoff.jpeg" "Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Senecio linearifolius (fireweed groundsel) leaf bases and stem. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Senecio linearifolius (fireweed groundsel) flowerheads. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Senecio linearifolius (fireweed groundsel) growth habit. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Senecio linearifolius (fireweed groundsel) is a herb/subshrub (family Asteraceae) with yellow flowers and narrow leaves found in the south coast ranges of California. It is native to Australia. It favors grasslands and dunes. It spreads via seeds which travel by wind.
67356https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/sesbania-punicea-profile/Sesbania puniceaSesbania punicea, Sesbania tripetii, Daubentonia punicea scarlet Wisteria; red Sesbania; rattlebox; Chinese Wisteria High-*8578 41 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Sesbania_punicea_FWallace.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Sesbania-punicea_scarlet-wisteria-fruits_Mona-Robison_cropped-scaled.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Sesbania-punicea_scarlet-wisteria-habit_Mona-Robison_cropped-scaled.jpg" "Photo: Frank Wallace","Sesbania punicea (scarlet Wisteria) fruits. Photo: Mona Robison","Sesbania punicea (scarlet Wisteria) growth habit. Photo: Mona Robison" Sesbania punicea (red Sesbania, scarlet Wisteria) is a deciduous shrub or small tree (family Fabaceae), up to 4 meters tall. Sesbania punicea is mostly found in riparian areas in the Central Valley, forming clusters so thick that access to the river becomes difficult to impossible. It displaces native plants used by wildlife and contributes to bank erosion and flooding.
67358https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/silybum-marianum-profile/Silybum marianumCarduus marianus L., Carduus mariae Crantz, Cirsium maculatum Scop., Cathamus maculatum (Scop.) Lam., Silybum maculatum (Scop.) Moench, Silybum mariae (Crantz) Gray, Mariana lactea Hill milk thistle; variegated thistle; blessed milk thistle; Virgin Mary's thistle; Lady's milk; Holy thistle; spotted thistle; cabbage thistle; spotted thistle; St. Mary's thistle; white thistle Limited7622 98 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Silybum-marianum_blessed-milkthistle_flower_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Silybum-marianum_flower-heads-infestation_copyright2013_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Silybum-marianum_seedling_copyright2013_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Silybum-marianum_rosette_copyright2008_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Silybum marianum (milk thistle) flower heads - infestation. Photo: © 2013 Neal Kramer","Silybum marianum (milk thistle) seedling. Photo: © 2013 Neal Kramer","Silybum marianum (milk thistle) rosette. Photo: © 2008 Neal Kramer" Silybum marianum (blessed milk thistle) is a winter annual or biennial with prickly leaves (family Asteraceae). It is widely spread throughout California in overgrazed pastures and along fencelines and other disturbed areas. Blessed milk thistle produces tall, dense stands that outcompete native species.
67360https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/sinapis-arvensis-profile/Sinapis arvensisBrassica arvensis, Brassica kaber wild mustard; canola; charlock mustard; common mustard; crunch-weed; field kale; field mustard; kedlock; rapeseed Limited7625 42 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Sinapis-arvensis_wild-mustard_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Sinapis-arvensis_leaves-and-inflorescence_copyright2010_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Sinapis-arvensis_fruits_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Sinapis-arvensis_mature-fruit-with-seed_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Sinapis-arvensis_stem-and-leaf_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Sinapis arvensis (wild mustard) leaves and inflorescence. Photo: © 2010 Neal Kramer","Sinapis arvensis (wild mustard) fruits. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Sinapis arvensis (wild mustard) mature fruit with seed. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Sinapis arvensis (wild mustard) stem and leaf. Photo: Zoya Akulova" Sinapis arvensis (wild mustard, charlock) is an annual herb (family Brassicaceae) that is native to the Mediterranean region and naturalized in California and many other parts of the world. It can grow up to more than 1 m tall and has yellow flowers that are typical of mustards. Unlike many other mustards, plants do not have a basal rosette. Basal leaves are lobed while cauline leaves are reduced and dentate; fruits are up to about 4.5 cm long, not hairy, and pointed upward (but not appressed as with black mustard). Stems are sometimes reddish, branched, with coarse hairs. Wild mustard grows in disturbed places and is rarely found in undisturbed wildlands. Seeds are toxic to most mammals.
67362https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/sisymbrium-irio-profile/Sisymbrium irio London rocket Limited7628 201 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Sisymbrium-irio_London-rocket_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Sisymbrium-irio_leaves-and-inflorescence_RonVanderhoff.jpg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Sisymbrium irio (London rocket) leaves and inflorescence. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff"

Sisymbrium irio (London rocket) is a winter annual forb/herb (family Brassicaceae), which can be found in abandoned fields, waste places, roadsides, and orchards. It matures earlier in the year than native species, allowing it to out-compete them.

70904https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/solanum-aviculare-profile/Solanum aviculare New Zealand nightshade Watch7648 7648 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Solanum-aviculare_Ron-Vanderhoff.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Solanum-aviculare_leaves-flower-and-fruits_RonVanderhoff.jpeg" "Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Solanum aviculare (New Zealand nightshade) leaves, flower, and fruits. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Solanum aviculare (New Zealand nightshade) is a subshrub/shrub (family Solanaceae) with purple flowers and narrow leaves found in the coastal ranges and desert ranges of California. It is native to Australia. It favors forests and grasslands. It propagates by seeds which are dispersed via birds.
70905https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/solanum-carolinense-profile/Solanum carolinense Carolina horsenettle Watch-*7649 7649 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Solanum-carolinense_C247-04.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Solanum-carolinense_flowers_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Solanum-carolinense_leaves-and-flower_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Solanum-carolinense_stem_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Solanum-carolinense_growth-habit_KeirMorse.jpeg" "Photo: UC Davis Weeds of California","Solanum carolinense (Carolina horsenettle) flowers. Photo: © Keir Morse","Solanum carolinense (Carolina horsenettle) leaves and flower. Photo: © Keir Morse","Solanum carolinense (Carolina horsenettle) stem. Photo: © Keir Morse","Solanum carolinense (Carolina horsenettle) growth habit. Photo: © Keir Morse" Solanum carolinense (Carolina horsenettle) is a perennial herb/ (family Solanaceae) with white to purple flowers and lobed leaves found in the Sierra Nevada range, Central Valley, south coast ranges and northern ranges of California. It is native to the central and eastern United States and northern Mexico. It favors grasslands and dunes. It spreads via seeds and roots. Fruits and seeds are dispersed by agricultural activities, water, soil movement and animals.
67364https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/spartina-alterniflora-x-spartina-foliosa/Spartina alterniflora x S. foliosa smooth hybrid cordgrass High-*10746 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Spartina-alterniflora_smooth-cordgrass_Donald-Strong_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Spartina-alterniflora_smooth-cordgrass_JM-DiTomaso_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Spartina-alterniflora-x-S.-foliosa_inflorescences_DrewKerr.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Spartina-alterniflora-x-S.-foliosa_infestation_DrewKerr.jpg" "Photo: Donald Strong","Spartina alterniflora (smooth cordgrass) inflorescence. Photo: JM DiTomaso","Spartina alterniflora x S. foliosa inflorescences. Photo: Drew Kerr","Spartina alterniflora x S. foliosa infestation. Photo: Drew Kerr" Spartina alterniflora (and S. alterniflora x foliosa hybrids) (smooth cordgrass) is a rhizomatous perennial grass (family Poaceae) found in salt marshes and mudflats in the San Francisco Estuary and associated waterways. Smooth cordgrass spreads more rapidly, grows more densely, and tolerates higher water levels than native California cordgrass (Spartina foliosa). Spartina alterniflora is native to the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of North America. The two cordgrasses are known to hybridize, a process which may threaten the survival of pure strains of California cordgrass. A single smooth cordgrass plant may spread clonally in concentric circles to become a dense circular patch of up to 20 meters in diameter. The invasive cordgrass does not provide suitable habitat for native salt marsh shorebirds.
67366https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/spartina-anglica-profile/Spartina anglica English cordgrass Moderate-*8699 44 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Spartina-anglica_common-cordgrass_-JM-Di-Tomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Spartina-anglica_leaf-base-and-sheath_JoeDiTomaso.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Spartina anglica (English cordgrass) leaf base and sheath. Photo: Joe DiTomaso" Spartina anglica (common cordgrass) is a rhizomatous perennial grass (family Poaceae) found in salt marshes and mudflats in northern San Francisco Bay. Common cordgrass is a recently evolved species that was first described in the late 1800s. The new species resulted from the hybridization of smooth cordgrass (S. alterniflora) and small cordgrass (S. maritima) in England. Spartina anglica can transform tidal mudflats into drier, elevated meadows over time. This has not yet occurred in the infested site in the San Francisco Bay, where the species has been spreading slowly since its introduction in 1970.
67368https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/spartina-densiflora-profile/Spartina densiflora dense-flowered cordgrass; Chilean cordgrass. High-*7700 45 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Spartina-densiflora_dense-flowered-cordgrass_JM-DiTomaso_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Spartina-densiflora_inflorescence_JoeDiTomaso.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Spartina-densiflora_leaf-base-and-sheath_JoeDiTomaso.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Spartina densiflora (dense-flowered cordgrass) inflorescence. Photo: Joe DiTomaso","Spartina densiflora (dense-flowered cordgrass) leaf base and sheath. Photo: Joe DiTomaso" Spartina densiflora (dense-flowered cordgrass) is a rhizomatous perennial grass (family Poaceae) found in salt marshes in Humboldt Bay and San Francisco Bay. Dense-flowered cordgrass may have been introduced to Humboldt Bay from Chile by lumber ships in the 19th century. It tolerates high salinity and grows especially well in higher tidal marsh, where it is known to displace native pickleweed (Salicornia pacifica) and native California cordgrass (Spartina foliosa). The species\' abundant seed has the potential to disperse over long distances by floating on water.
67370https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/spartina-patens-profile/Spartina patensSpartina versicolor (Spain) salt marsh hay Limited-*7703 46 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Spartina-patens_salt-meadow-cordgrass_-JM-Di-Tomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Spartina-patens_leaf-blade-and-sheath_SteveMatson.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Spartina-patens_inflorescence_SteveMatson.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Spartina-patens_florets_SteveMatson.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Spartina patens (salt marsh hay) leaf blade and sheath. Photo: Steve Matson","Spartina patens (salt marsh hay) inflorescence. Photo: Steve Matson","Spartina patens (salt marsh hay) florets. Photo: Steve Matson"

Spartina patens (saltmeadow cordgrass) is a perennial grass (family Poaceae) whose current known distribution in California is limited to one location in the saltmarshes of the northwestern San Francisco Bay area near Corte Madera. Saltmeadow cordgrass is native to the southeastern United States, and is listed as a noxious weed in Washington state. Like other cordgrasses, saltmeadow cordgrass reproduces both by seed and vegetatively, with rhizomes. Even small fragments of rhizomes can resprout to form new plants. Although the invasion of saltmeadow cordgrass has only had minor impacts in California, it has the potential to spread and has been shown to cause significant impacts in other locations.

67372https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/spartium-junceum-profile/Spartium junceum Spanish broom High-*7704 47 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Spartium-junceum_Spanish-broom_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Spartium-junceum_seed-pod_copyright2011_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Spartium-junceum_flowers_copyright2007_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Spartium-junceum_growth-habit_copyright2008_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Spartium junceum (Spanish broom) seed pod. Photo: © 2011 Neal Kramer","Spartium junceum (Spanish broom) flowers. Photo: © 2007 Neal Kramer","Spartium junceum (Spanish broom) growth habit. Photo: © 2008 Neal Kramer" Spartium junceum (Spanish broom) is a deciduous shrub (family Fabaceae) found throughout the western part of California. Spanish broom was introduced as a landscape ornamental and was planted along highways to prevent soil erosion. It may grow into monospecific stands, excluding native species. Broom is unpalatable to most livestock except goats, so it decreases rangeland value, while increasing fire hazards. These leguminous plants produce copious amounts of seed, and may resprout from the root crown if cut or grazed.
70906https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/sphaerophysa-salsula-profile/Sphaerophysa salsula alkali swainsonpea Watch-*7734 7734 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Sphaerophysa-salsula_C135-02.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Sphaerophysa-salsula_flowers-and-leaves_copyright2001_FredHrusaCDFA.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Sphaerophysa-salsula_fruit_RichardSpellenberg.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Sphaerophysa-salsula_seeds-in-fruit-cross-section_RichardSpellenberg.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Sphaerophysa-salsula_growth-habit_RichardSpellenberg.jpeg" "Photo: UC Davis Weeds of California","Sphaerophysa salsula (alkali swainsonpea) flowers and leaves. Photo: © 2001 Fred Hrusa, CDFA","Sphaerophysa salsula (alkali swainsonpea) fruit. Photo: Richard Spellenberg ","Sphaerophysa salsula (alkali swainsonpea) seeds in fruit (cross-section). Photo: Richard Spellenberg","Sphaerophysa salsula (alkali swainsonpea) growth habit. Photo: Richard Spellenberg " Sphaerophysa salsula (alkali swainsonpea) is a perennial herb/ (family Fabaceae) with red flowers and small oval-shaped leaves found in the San Joaquin Valley in California. It is native to Asia. It favors grasslands. It spreads via water and contaminated alfalfa seed.
70907https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/stipa-brachychaeta-profile/Stipa brachychaeta punagrass Watch-*12041 12041 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Stipa-brachychaeta_Dean-Kelch_CDFA.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Stipa-brachychaeta_growth-habit_copyright2001_CDFA.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Stipa-brachychaeta_seeds_copyright2001_FredHrusaCDFA.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Stipa-brachychaeta_infestation_copyright2001_FredHrusaCDFA.jpeg" "Photo: Dean Kelch","Stipa brachychaeta (punagrass) growth habit. Photo: © 2001 CDFA","Stipa brachychaeta (punagrass) seeds. Photo: © 2001 Fred Hrusa, CDFA","Stipa brachychaeta (punagrass) infestation. Photo: © 2001 Fred Hrusa, CDFA" Stipa brachychaeta (punagrass) is a perennial grass (family Poaceae) that can grow to be more than 2 feet tall and is found in the Central Valley and the central and south coast ranges of California. It is native to South America. It favors grasslands, woodlands, and riparian and bottomland habitat. It spreads via seed and vegetatively from creeping roots. Water helps this plant disperse.
67374https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/stipa-capensis-profile/Stipa capensisAchnatum capense Cape ricegrass, Mediterranean steppegrass, twisted-awned speargrass Moderate8700 142 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Stipa-capensis_Mediterranean-steppegrass_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Stipa-capensis_inflorescenses_LuigiRignanese.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Stipa-capensis_growth-habit-with-Bromus-madritensis_EmilyChase.jpg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Stipa capensis (Cape ricegrass) inflorescenses. Photo: Luigi Rignanese","Stipa capensis (Cape ricegrass) growth habit (with Bromus madritensis). Photo: Emily Chase" Stipa capensis (Cape ricegrass) is an annual grass (family Poaceae) native to the Mediterranean region that is naturalized in the Coachella Valley of the Sonoran Desert. It is spreading rapidly in the Palm Springs area and has the potential to promote fire in California desert ecosystems. Cape ricegrass typically grows 50 dm and is distinguished by annual habit, dense inflorescence, and exceptionally long, twisted awns. The sharp seeds of the plant can injure animals, and may attach to their fur as a dispersal mechanism. This invasive grass may also decrease native wildflower abundance.
67376https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/stipa-manicata-profile/Stipa manicataNassella manicata (Desv.) Barkworth; Nassella formicarum auct. non (Delile) BarkworthStipa formicarum Delile Andean tussockgrass; tropical needlegrass Limited12056 12056 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Stipa-manicata_tropical-needlegrass_Eric-Wrubel_NPS.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Stipa-manicata_seed_EricWrubel.jpeg" "Photo: Eric Wrubel/NPS","Stipa manicata (Andean tussockgrass) seed (left). Photo: Eric Wrubel" Stipa manicata (Andean tussockgrass) is a tufted perennial grass (family Poaceae) that is native to the western coast of South America and naturalized in northern California. It can grow relatively tall (<15 dm) and is distinguished from similar needlegrasses by its much smaller, ca. 3mm \"seeds\" (caryopses), hairless lemma (when mature), and a crown that is straight-sided and constricted at its base. Based on field observations, Stipa manicata (accepted name is Nasella manicata in Flora of North America) can outcompete native grasses in grasslands where there is some sustained moisture and increases fuel loads.
71226https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/piptatherum-miliaceum-profile/Stipa miliacea var. miliaceaPiptatherum miliaceum; Agrostis miliacea L., Oryzopsis miliacea smilo grass; bamboo grass; milo; ricegrass; rice millet; millet mountain-rice; San Diego grass Limited12058 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Piptatherum-miliaceum_Smilograss_Joseph-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Stipa-miliacea-var.-miliacea_inflorescence-full-flower_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Stipa-miliacea-var.-miliacea_leaf-blade-and-sheath_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Stipa-miliacea-var.-miliacea_spikelets_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Stipa-miliacea-var.-miliacea_seeds_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Stipa-miliacea-var.-miliacea_growth-habit_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Stipa miliacea var. miliacea (smilo grass) inflorescence (full flower). Photo: Keir Morse","Stipa miliacea var. miliacea (smilo grass) leaf blade and sheath. Photo: Keir Morse","Stipa miliacea var. miliacea (smilo grass) spikelets. Photo: Keir Morse","Stipa miliacea var. miliacea (smilo grass) seeds. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Stipa miliacea var. miliacea (smilo grass) growth habit. Photo: Zoya Akulova" Stipa miliacea var. miliacea (smilograss) is a tufted perennial grass (family Poaceae) that thrives in dry or moist sites in disturbed areas, along roadsides and ditches. It can be found scattered along California\'s coast and central valley and appears to be increasing in riparian areas and canyons, especially in southern California.
70908https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/stipa-tenuissima-profile/Stipa tenuissima Mexican feathergrass Watch8685 308 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Stipa-tennuisima_Mexican-feathergrass_Ron-Vanderhoff.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Stipa-tenuissima_inflorescences_copyright2015_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Stipa-tenuissima_growth-habit_copyright2015_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Stipa tenuissima (Mexican feathergrass) inflorescences. Photo: © 2015 Neal Kramer","Stipa tenuissima (Mexican feathergrass) growth habit. Photo: © 2015 Neal Kramer" Stipa tenuissima (Mexican feathergrass) is a perennial grass (family Poaceae) that can grow to be 2 feet tall and is found in the central and south coast ranges of California. It is native to Mexico, Texas, Argentina and Chile. It favors grasslands and woodlands. It spreads only by seeds which are dispersed by livestock, humans, wind and water. Seeds adhere to clothing and fur.
67379https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/tamarix-aphylla-profile/Tamarix aphyllaT. articulata Vahl., T. orientalis Forssk., Thuja aphylla L. athel; athel pine; tamarisk; evergreen saltcedar LimitedB7913 144 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tamarix-aphylla_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tamarix-aphylla_flowers_copyright2009_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tamarix-aphylla_stem-with-fused-leaves_copyright2009_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tamarix-aphylla_growth-form_copyright2009_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Tamarix aphylla (athel) flowers. Photo: © 2009 Neal Kramer","Tamarix aphylla (athel) stem with fused leaves. Photo: © 2009 Neal Kramer","Tamarix aphylla (athel) growth habit. Photo: © 2009 Neal Kramer" Tamarix aphylla (athel tamarisk) is a shrub or a tree (family Tamaricaceae) found along streams and lakeshores throughout California. Tamarix aphylla and other tamarisk species were introduced as landscape ornamentals. Athel tamarisk is still widely planted as an ornamental species in southern California but is less invasive than other tamarisk species. It has escaped cultivation in the San Joaquin Valley, eastern South Coast, and desert regions of California.
71099https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/tamarix-chinensis-profile/Tamarix chinensisTamarix juniperina, Tamarix pentandra Chinese tamarisk, fivestamen tamarisk High-*7914 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tamarix-chinensis_chinese-tamarisk_Robert-Sivinski.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tamarix-chinensis_flowers_JeanPawek.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tamarix-chinensis_growth-habit_JeanPawek.jpeg" "Photo: Robert Sivinski","Tamarix chinensis (Chinese tamarisk) flowers. Photo: Jean Pawek","Tamarix chinensis (Chinese tamarisk) growth habit. Photo: Jean Pawek" Tamarix chinensis (Chinese tamarisk) is a shrub or a tree (family Tamaricaceae) and can be found along streams and lake shores, throughout California. Tamarix chinensis is associated with dramatic changes in geomorphology, groundwater availability, soil chemistry, fire frequency, plant community composition, and native wildlife diversity. It may also hybridize with Tamarix gallica or Tamarix ramosissima.
71100https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/tamarix-gallica-profile/Tamarix gallica French tamarisk High-*7915 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tamarix-gallica_French-tamarisk_Patricia-Kreitz.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tamarix-gallica_branches-and-inflorescences_LeslieCobb-rotated.jpg" "Photo: Patricia Kreitz","Tamarix gallica (French tamarisk) branches and inflorescences. Photo: Leslie Cobb" Tamarix gallica (French tamarisk) is a shrub or a tree (family Tamaricaceae) which can be found along streams and lake shores, throughout California. Tamarix gallica is associated with dramatic changes in geomorphology, groundwater availability, soil chemistry, fire frequency, plant community composition, and native wildlife diversity. It may also hybridize with Tamarix ramosissima or Tamarix chinensis.
67381https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/tamarix-parviflora-plant-profile/Tamarix parvifloraTamarix cretica Bge., Tamarix lucronensis Sennen & Elias, Tamarix petteri Presl ex Bge., Tamarix rubella Batt., Tamarix tetranda auct. non Pall., others. Plants are sometimes sold in California as Tamarix africana Poir, which is a different species. smallflower tamarisk High-*7916 145 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tamarix-parviflora_smallflower-tamarisk_JM-DiTomaso_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tamarix-parviflora_flower-close-up_RonVanderhoff.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tamarix-parviflora_leaves-leaf-scales-and-flowers_copyright2013_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tamarix-parviflora_infestation_copyright2010_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Tamarix parviflora (smallflower tamarisk) flower (close-up). Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Tamarix parviflora (smallflower tamarisk) leaves (leaf scales) and flowers. Photo: © 2013 Neal Kramer","Tamarix parviflora (smallflower tamarisk) infestation. Photo: © 2010 Neal Kramer" Tamarix parviflora (smallflower tamarisk) is a shrub or a tree (family Tamaricaceae) and can be found along streams and lake shores, throughout California. Tamarix species are associated with dramatic changes in geomorphology, groundwater availability, soil chemistry, fire frequency, plant community composition, and native wildlife diversity.
67383https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/tamarix-ramosissima-profile/Tamarix ramosissimaTamarix juniperina; Tamarix pentandra saltcedar; tamarisk High-*7917 146 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tamarix-ramosissima_saltcedar_Joe-DiTomaso_cropped.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tamarix-ramosissima_flowers_copyright2010_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tamarix-ramosissima_leaves-leaf-scales_copyright2010_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tamarix-ramosissima_seedling_copyright2014_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tamarix-ramosissima_growth-habit_copyrigh2014_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tamarix-ramosissima_infestation-with-recruitment_copyright2014_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Tamarix ramosissima (saltcedar) flowers. Photo: © 2010 Neal Kramer","Tamarix ramosissima (saltcedar) leaves (leaf scales). Photo: © 2010 Neal Kramer","Tamarix ramosissima (saltcedar) seedling. Photo: © 2014 Neal Kramer","Tamarix ramosissima (saltcedar) growth habit. Photo: © 2014 Neal Kramer","Tamarix ramosissima (saltcedar) infestation with recruitment. Photo: © 2014 Neal Kramer" Tamarix ramosissima (saltcedar, tamarisk) is a shrub or a tree (family Tamaricaceae) which can be found along streams and lake shores, throughout California. Tamarix ramosissima is associated with dramatic changes in geomorphology, groundwater availability, soil chemistry, fire frequency, plant community composition, and native wildlife diversity. It may hybridize with Tamarix gallica or Tamarix chinensis.
67385https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/tanacetum-vulgare-profile/Tanacetum vulgare common tansy; golden buttons; garden tansy Moderate7920 202 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tanacetum-vulgare_common-tansy_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tanacetum-vulgare_leaf-part_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tanacetum-vulgare_seeds-achenes-and-florets_JeanPawek.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tanacetum-vulgare_inflorescence_JeanPawek.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tanacetum-vulgare_growth-habit_JeanPawek.jpg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Tanacetum vulgare (common tansy) leaf (part). Photo: Zoya Akulova","Tanacetum vulgare (common tansy) seeds (achenes) and florets. Photo: Jean Pawek","Tanacetum vulgare (common tansy) inflorescence. Photo: Jean Pawek","Tanacetum vulgare (common tansy) growth habit. Photo: Jean Pawek"

Tanacetum vulgare (common tansy) is a perennial herb (family Asteraceae) found in the Coastal Ranges, Cascade Range and along the north coast of California. Common tansy inhabits riparian areas, forests, and disturbed places, including urban areas, fields, and roadsides. This European native is cultivated as a landscape ornamental and as a medicinal herb. Taken in great quantities, common tansy can be fatally toxic to humans and animals, and some individuals may experience an allergic reaction after handling the foliage. Common tansy reproduces by seed and vegetatively. It is known to produce dense colonies via its extensive creeping root system, especially in riparian areas.

67387https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/tetragonia-tetragonioides-profile/Tetragonia tetragonioidesTetragonia tetragonoides, Demidovia tetragonoides Pall. (basionym), Tetragonia expansa Murray New Zealand spinach; warrigal greens Limited7945 7945 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tetragonia_tetragonioides_By-Ixitixel.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tetragonia-tetragonioides_leaves-flower-and-immature-fruit_RonVanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tetragonia-tetragonioides_flower-stem-and-leaves_RonVanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tetragonia-tetragonioides_growth-habit_RonVanderhoff.jpeg" "Photo: Ixitixel (eigene Arbeit, selbst fotografiert) CC-BY-SA-3.0 via Wikimedia Commons","Tetragonia tetragonioides (New Zealand spinach) leaves, flower, and immature fruit. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Tetragonia tetragonioides (New Zealand spinach) flower, stem and leaves. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Tetragonia tetragonioides (New Zealand spinach) growth habit. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Tetragonia tetragonioides (New Zealand spinach) is a species (family Aizoaceae) found throughout California on sand dunes, bluffs, and the margins of coastal wetlands.
70909https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/thinopyrum-junceiforme-profile/Thinopyrum junceiforme Russian wheatgrass Watch10422 10422 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Thinopyrum-junceiforme_Jose-Hernandez-Wikimedia.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Elymus-farctus-ssp.-boreali-atlanticus-Thinopyron-junceiforme_growth-habit_copyright2019_MarkSkinner.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Elymus-farctus-ssp.-boreali-atlanticus-Thinopyron-junceiforme_infestation_copyright2019_MarkSkinner.jpeg" "Photo: Jose Hernandez","Elymus farctus ssp. boreali-atlanticus (Thinopyron junceiforme) (Russian wheatgrass) growth habit. Photo: © 2019 Mark Skinner","Elymus farctus ssp. boreali-atlanticus (Thinopyron junceiforme) (Russian wheatgrass) infestation. Photo: © 2019 Mark Skinner" Thinopyrum junceiforme (Russian wheatgrass) is a perennial grass (family Poaceae) that can grow to be 3 feet tall and is found in the San Francisco Bay area and south coast ranges of California. It is native to Europe and Russia. It grows in dunes, grasslands, alkaline areas and along roadsides. It spreads via seeds and rhizomes. Seeds are dispersed externally on animals and by water and wind.
67389https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/torilis-arvensis-profile/Torilis arvensis hedgeparsley; spreading hedgeparsley Moderate8004 147 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Torilis-arvensis_hedge-parsley_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Torilis-arvensis_fruits_copyright2016_NealKramer.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Torilis-arvensis_flowers_KeirMorse.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Torilis-arvensis_leaves-and-growth-habit_KeirMorse.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Torilis arvensis (hedgeparsley) fruits. Photo: © 2016 Neal Kramer","Torilis arvensis (hedgeparsley) flowers. Photo: Keir Morse","Torilis arvensis (hedgeparsley) leaves and growth habit. Photo: Keir Morse" Torilis arvensis (hedgeparsley) (family Apiaceae) occurs throughout California in disturbed sites and woodlands. It has small hooks on the mature fruit, which cling to clothing, hair or fur, facilitating long distance dispersal.
72142https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/triadica-sebifera-plant-profile/Triadica sebiferaSapium sebiferum; Croton sebiferum, Excoecaria sebifera, Stillingia sebifera, Triadica sinensis Chinese tallow tree; popcorn tree; chicken tree; Florida aspen; Vegetable tallow; white wax berry Moderate12096 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Triadica-sebifera_Chinese-tallow-tree_Ron-Vanderhoff.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Triadica-sebifera_flowers-fruit-and-leaves_RonVanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Triadica-sebifera_leaves_RonVanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Triadica-sebifera_growth-habit_RonVanderhoff.jpeg" "Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Triadica sebifera (Chinese tallow tree) flowers, fruit, and leaves. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Triadica sebifera (Chinese tallow tree) leaves. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Triadica sebifera (Chinese tallow tree) growth habit. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Sapium sebiferum (=Triadica sebifera) (Chinese tallow tree) is a deciduous tree (family Euphorbiaceae) that invades wildland areas and rapidly replaces the natural communities. Originally planted as a shade tree in urban areas, it can threaten wildlife habitat and crowd out native vegetation. It is only beginning to invade riparian areas of California, but is considered a major invasive species in the southern forests.
70697https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/tribulus-terrestris-profile/Tribulus terrestrisTribulus bimucronatus; Tribulus lanuginosus; Tribulus saharae; Tribulus terrestris var. sericeus puncture vine; puncturevine, goat's head Limited-*8024 8024 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tribulus-terrestris_C254-03.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tribulus-terrestris_flower-leaves-and-stem_copyright2010_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tribulus-terrestris_fruit-stem-and-leaf_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Tribulus-terrestris_growth-habit_JeanPawek.jpeg" "Photo: UC Davis Weeds of California","Tribulus terrestris (puncture vine) flower, leaves, and stem. Photo: © 2010 Neal Kramer","Tribulus terrestris (puncture vine) fruit, stem, and leaf. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Tribulus terrestris (puncture vine) growth habit. Photo: Jean Pawek" Tribulus terrestris (puncture vine) is an annual herb (family Zygophyllaceae) with yellow-white flowers and narrow hairy leaves found all over California. It is native to the Mediterranean. It favors grasslands and dunes. It propagates by seed. Seeds are dispersed via water, wool, vehicles and agricultural activities.
67391https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/trifolium-hirtum-profile/Trifolium hirtum rose clover Limited8081 203 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Trifolium-hirtum_rose-clover_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Trifolium-hirtum_fruit_copyright2008_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Trifolium-hirtum_inflorescence_copyright2009_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Trifolium-hirtum_infestation_copyright2008_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Trifolium hirtum (rose clover) fruit. Photo: (c) 2008 Neal Kramer","Trifolium hirtum (rose clover) inflorescence. Photo: (c) 2009 Neal Kramer","Trifolium hirtum (rose clover) infestation. Photo: (c) 2008 Neal Kramer" Trifolium hirtum (rose clover) is an annual forb/herb (family Fabaceae) commonly found in California, blanketing dry rangelands. Rose clover out competes indigenous clover and native grasses and can tolerate dryer soils and frost. It was intentionally introduced as grassland forage and in most rangeland systems is not considered weedy. However, in wildlands, it can out-compete native clovers.
67393https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/ulex-europaeus-profile/Ulex europaeusUlex europaea gorse; common gorse; furze; prickly broom High-*8395 48 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ulex-europaeus_gorse_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ulex-europaeus_flowers_copyright2013_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ulex-europaeus_leaves-and-stem_copyright2021_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Ulex europaeus (gorse) flowers. Photo: © 2013 Neal Kramer","Ulex europaeus (gorse) leaves and stem. Photo: © 2021 Neal Kramer" Ulex europaeus (gorse) is a woody leguminous shrub (family Fabaceae). In California Ulex europaeus can be found in coastal counties and the northern Sierra Nevada foothills. It invades infertile or disturbed sites, sand dunes, gravel bars, fence rows, overgrazed pastures, logged areas, and burned-over areas. Besides becoming a significant fire hazard, it can successfully out compete native plants in part because of its association with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which facilitate its colonization of nitrogen-poor soils.
67395https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/undaria-pinnatifida-profile/Undaria pinnatifida wakame; Japanese kelp; Asian seaweed Limited13037 204 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Undaria_pinnatifida_CThornber.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Undaria-pinnatifida_sporophyll-and-base-of-mature-frond_JoeDiTomaso.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Undaria-pinnatifida_young-frond-left-and-sporophyll-frond-right_JoeDiTomaso.jpeg" "Photo: Carol Thornber, Univ. Rhode Island","Undaria pinnatifida (wakame) sporophyll and base of mature frond. Photo: Joe DiTomaso","Undaria pinnatifida (wakame) young frond (left) and sporophyll frond (right). Photo: Joe DiTomaso" Undaria pinnatifida (wakame) is an annual algae (family Alariaceae) first recorded in several estuaries in California in 2000. Wakame is native to Japan, where it is consumed for its food value and as a nutritional supplement. In California, wakame usually cannot compete with native perennial brown algae, but it may colonize estuaries rapidly if native algae are not present. Hence, wakame occurs in high densities only in recently disturbed areas. Although it does not appear to have serious impacts in California, it has been a very serious invader in New Zealand.
70910https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/ventenata-dubia-profile/Ventenata dubia North Africa grass Watch8219 8219 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ventenata-dubia_Steve-Matson.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ventenata-dubia_leaf-blade-and-sheath_ZoyaAkulova.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ventenata-dubia_inflorescence_ZoyaAkulova.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ventenata-dubia_spikelets_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ventenata-dubia_stem-node_ZoyaAkulova.jpg" "Photo: Steve Matson","Ventenata dubia (North Africa grass) leaf blade and sheath. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Ventenata dubia (North Africa grass) inflorescence. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Ventenata dubia (North Africa grass) spikelets. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Ventenata dubia (North Africa grass) stem node. Photo: Zoya Akulova" Ventenata dubia (North Africa grass) is an annual grass (family Poaceae) that can grow to be more than 1 foot tall and is found in the coastal and inland ranges of northern California. It is native to central and southern Europe. It occurs in grasslands. It reproduces via seed. The long awns attach to humans, animals and machinery.
67397https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/verbascum-thapsus-profile/Verbascum thapsus woolly mullein; common mullein; lungwort; feltwort; torches; Jacob's staff; velvetplant; old man's flannel; miner's candle Limited8226 205 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Verbascum-thapsus_common-mullein_flower-JM-Di-Tomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Verbascum-thapsus_flower_SteveMatson.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Verbascum-thapsus_seed_JeanPawek.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Verbascum-thapsus_seedling_BelindaLo.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Verbascum-thapsus_trichomes-on-leaf-underside_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Verbascum-thapsus_inflorescence_copyright2009_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Verbascum-thapsus_growth-habit_JulieKierstead.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Verbascum-thapsus_infestation_copyright2007_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Verbascum thapsus (woolly mullein) flower. Photo: Steve Matson","Verbascum thapsus (woolly mullein) seed. Photo: Jean Pawek","Verbascum thapsus (woolly mullein) seedling. Photo: Belinda Lo","Verbascum thapsus (woolly mullein) trichomes on leaf underside. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Verbascum thapsus (woolly mullein) inflorescence. Photo: © 2009 Neal Kramer","Verbascum thapsus (woolly mullein) growth habit. Photo: Julie Kierstead","Verbascum thapsus (woolly mullein) infestation. Photo: © 2007 Neal Kramer" Verbascum thapsus (common mullein, woolly mullein) is a biennial or annual forb (family Scrophulariaceae) that occurs throughout California, but is particularly abundant in dry valleys on the eastern side of the Sierra Nevada. High population densities have been observed in moist meadows and creek drainages near Mono Lake and Owens Valley. Common mullein is a host for insects that are themselves economic pests. Common mullein seeds can survive for 35 years or more in the soil.
70911https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/verbena-bonariensis-profile/Verbena bonariensis tall vervain Watch8228 255 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Verbena-bonariensis_S58-02.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Verbena-bonariensis_inflorescence_BarryBreckling.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Verbena-bonariensis_seedling_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Verbena-bonariensis_seed_JeanPawek.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Verbena-bonariensis_growth-habit_JeanPawek.jpeg" "Photo: UC Davis Weeds of California","Verbena bonariensis (tall vervain) inflorescence. Photo: Barry Breckling","Verbena bonariensis (tall vervain) seedling. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Verbena bonariensis (tall vervain) seed. Photo: Jean Pawek","Verbena bonariensis (tall vervain) growth habit. Photo: Jean Pawek" Verbena bonariensis (tall vervain) is a herb/ (family Verbenaceae) with purple flowers and narrow toothed leaves found in the Central Valley and the central and south coast ranges of California. It is native to South America. It favors grasslands and riparian and bottomland habitat. It readily self-seeds and is dispersed via animals, wind and water.
67399https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/vinca-major-profile/Vinca majorVinca pubescenes, Vinca major var.variegata periwinkle; bigleaf periwinkle; greater periwinkle; blue periwinkle; myrtle Moderate8280 148 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Vinca-major_big-periwinkle_JM-DiTomaso.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Vinca-major_flower-side-view-and-stem_AmadejTrnkoczy.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Vinca-major_flower-and-leaves_copyright2007_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Vinca-major_growth-habit_copyright2007_NealKramer.jpeg" "Photo: Joseph DiTomaso","Vinca major (periwinkle) flower (side view) and stem. Photo: Amadej Trnkoczy","Vinca major (periwinkle) flower and leaves. Photo: © 2007 Neal Kramer","Vinca major (periwinkle) growth habit. Photo: © 2007 Neal Kramer" Vinca major (periwinkle) is a spreading perennial vine or ground cover (family Apocynaceae) with dark green stems that contain milky latex. In California it is rapidly spreading in most coastal counties, foothill woodlands, the Central Valley, and even desert areas. Periwinkle has escaped from garden plantings, and lowers species diversity and disrupts native plant communities. Riparian zones are particularly sensitive. Fragments of periwinkle vines can break, wash downstream, and start new invasions.
70704https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/volutaria-tubuliflora-profile/Volutaria tubulifloraAmberboa atlantica; Volutaria lippii subsp. tubuliflora desert knapweed; Mediterranean knapweed LimitedA*13055 13055 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Volutaria-tubuliflora_Ron-Vanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Volutaria-tubuliflora_leaves-and-stem_RonVanderhoff.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Volutaria-tubuliflora_partially-dissected-flower-head-with-maturing-seeds_RonVanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Volutaria-tubuliflora_seedling_RonVanderhoff.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Volutaria-tubuliflora_growth-habit_RonVanderhoff.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Volutaria-tubuliflora_flower-heads_RonVanderhoff.jpg" "Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Volutaria tubuliflora (desert knapweed) leaves and stem. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Volutaria tubuliflora (desert knapweed) partially dissected flower head with maturing seeds. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Volutaria tubuliflora (desert knapweed) seedling. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Volutaria tubuliflora (desert knapweed) growth habit. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff","Volutaria tubuliflora (desert knapweed) flower heads. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Volutaria tubuliflora (desert knapweed) is an annual herb (family Asteraceae) with pink-purple flowers and lobed hairy leaves found in the desert ranges and south coast ranges of California. It is native to northern Africa and the Mediterranean Basin. It favors grasslands, dunes, scrub and chaparral habitat. It propagates via multitudes of seeds. Seeds are dispersed via human traffic, machinery, water and wind. Learn more about the Cal-IPC project to contain desert knapweed.
67405https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/washingtonia-robusta-profile/Washingtonia robustaW. filamentosa (often mistaken for native W. filifera) Mexican fan palm; Washington palm; skyduster; thread palm Moderate9271 99 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Washingtonia-Robusta.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Washingtonia-robusta_petiole_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Washingtonia-robusta_leaf_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Washingtonia-robusta_growth-form_RonVanderhoff.jpeg" "Photos: USDA and Mike Kelly","Washingtonia robusta (Mexican fan palm) petiole. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Washingtonia robusta (Mexican fan palm) leaf. Photo: Zoya Akulova","Washingtonia robusta (Mexican fan palm) growth form. Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Washingtonia robusta (Mexican fan palm) is a single-trunked palm tree (family Arecaceae) found in the San Francisco Bay area, southern Sacramento Valley and on California’s south coast. It is native to semi-arid landscapes of northwestern Mexico, including Baja California. Mexican fan palm is a common landscape ornamental that has become invasive in riparian areas, orchards and landscaped areas. It is superficially very similar and hybridizes with California fan palm (Washingtonia filifera). It can be distinguished by its more slender trunk, more compact head of leaves, bright green leaf color, and a more red-brownish (versus gray) trunk color. This palm is known to create monospecific stands in riparian areas, and dead fronds of the tree can create a fire hazard. The species can be controlled relatively easily by pulling seedlings, cutting trunks below their growing point, and with drill-and-fill trunk application of herbicide.
67407https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/watsonia-meriana-profile/Watsonia merianaWatsonia bulbullifera Mathews & L. Bolus; Watsonia meriana (L.) Miller var. bulbullifera Mathews & L. Bolus; Watsonia bulbifera; Watsonia angusta auct. non Ker-Gawl. bulbil Watsonia; Watsonia Limited10457 100 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Watsonia_meriana_MIttner.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Watsonia-meriana_bulbils_EricWrubel.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Watsonia-meriana_flowers_JuergenSchrenk.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Watsonia-meriana_flowers-side-view_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Watsonia-meriana_infestation_ZoyaAkulova.jpeg" "Photo: Mary Ittner and Bob Rutemolle","Watsonia meriana (bulbil Watsonia) bulbils. Photo: Eric Wrubel","Watsonia meriana (bulbil Watsonia) flowers. Photo: Juergen Schrenk","Watsonia meriana (bulbil Watsonia) flowers (side view). Photo: Zoya Akulova","Watsonia meriana (bulbil Watsonia) infestation. Photo: Zoya Akulova" Watsonia meriana (bulbil Watsonia) is a perennial flowering herb (family Iridaceae) found in disturbed areas, coastal prairies and coniferous forests along the northern coast of California. This corm-forming, ornamental, South African native reproduces by growing bulblets. Bulbil Watsonia, which is generally avoided by wildlife as a food source, forms dense patches that may crowd out other plants. Bulbil Watsonia infestations tend to spread slowly on their own, but they may establish new populations by human movement of plant material and soil.
67409https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/zantesdeschia-aethiopica-profile/Zantedeschia aethiopica calla lily; arum lily Limited8380 101 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Zantedeschia_aethiopica_calla-lilly-by-Manfred-Heyde-Wikipedia-commons.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Zantedeschia-aethiopica_flowers-and-leaves_copyright2008_NealKramer.jpeg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Zantedeschia-aethiopica_growth-habit-with-Typha_RonVanderhoff.jpeg" "Photo: Manfred Heyde via Wikimedia Commons","Zantedeschia aethiopica (calla lily) flowers and leaves. Photo: © 2008 Neal Kramer","Zantedeschia aethiopica (calla lily) growth habit (with Typha). Photo: Ron Vanderhoff" Zantedeschia aethiopica (calla lily) is a perennial (family Araceae) found along the coast of California, in the North and South Coast Ranges, and in the San Francisco Bay area. Native to South Africa, calla lily is grown as an ornamental plant, and most invading populations are found near human habitations in coastal prairies and wetlands. Calla lily reproduces by bird-dispersed seeds and vegetatively via rhizomes, which may be spread by moving soil or garden cuttings. In western Australia and New Zealand, calla lily is an aggressive invader of riparian areas and pastureland.
67413https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/zostera-japonica-profile/Zostera japonicaNanozostera japonica (Asch. & Graebn.) P. Toml. & U. Posl. dwarf eelgrass; Japanese eelgrass Moderate-*10723 10723 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Nanozostera_japonica_CAseagrant-e1508441599768.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Zostera-japonica_growth-habit_GeraldCarr.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Zostera-japonica_leaf-sheath_GeraldCarr.jpg" "Photo: California Sea Grant","Zostera japonica (dwarf eelgrass) growth habit. Photo: Gerald Carr","Zostera japonica (dwarf eelgrass) leaf sheath. Photo: Gerald Carr" Zostera japonica (=Nanozostera japonica, dwarf eelgrass) is an aquatic plant that forms dense stands in shallow, sheltered bays and estuaries. Populations of Z. japonica have been found in Humboldt County. Z. japonica often invades areas with little or no natural or human disturbance and also shows a positive relationship with disturbance. Z. japonica lives as an annual, overwintering as buried seeds, or a short-lived perennial. It reproduces vegetatively through rhizomatous cloning and sexually through seed production. The dispersal of the seeds, both within and between estuaries, may be aided by waterfowl species.  Z. japonica has been shown to rapidly expand in the spring and summer.
70912https://www.cal-ipc.org/plants/profile/zygophyllum-fabago-profile/Zygophyllum fabago Syrian beancaper Watch-*8394 8394 "https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Zygophyllum-fabago_C255-02.jpg","https://www.cal-ipc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Zygophyllum-fabago_growth-habit_copyright2001_CDFW.jpeg" "Photo: UC Davis Weeds of California","Zygophyllum fabago (Syrian beancaper) growth habit. Photo: © 2001 CDFW" Zygophyllum fabago (Syrian beancaper) is a perennial herb/subshrub (family Zygophyllaceae) with white to orange flowers and oval shaped leaves found in the San Joaquin Valley, desert ranges and central coast ranges of California. It is native to the Mediterranean and central Asia. It favors grasslands and dunes. It spreads via seeds and root suckers. Agricultural activities help disperse this plant.