Scientific Name	Common Name	Rating	Alert	Impacts	Invasiveness	Distribution	Documentation	CA	CA-FP	CaR	CW	GV	NW	SN	SW	GB 	MP	SNE	D	Dmoj	Dson	Habitats of Concern and Comments
Acacia dealbata	silver wattle	Moderate	No	B	B	B	2.5	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Coastal prairie, riparian woodland, riparian forest, North Coast coniferous forest, closed cone coniferous forest.
Acacia melanoxylon	black acacia, blackwood acacia	Limited	No	C	C	B	2.7	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Coniferous forest, chaparral, woodland, riparian. Impacts are low in most areas.
Acacia paradoxa 	kangaroothorn	Eval No List	No	D	C	C	2.5	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Does not spread in wildlands.
Acroptilon repens 	Russian knapweed	Moderate	No	B	B	B	3.2	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	Scrub, grasslands, riparian, pinyon-juniper woodland, forest. Severe impacts in other western states. Spreading in many areas of CA.
Aegilops triuncialis 	barb goatgrass	High	No	A	A	B	3.6	N	N	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	Grassland, oak woodland; spreading in NW and in Central Valley.
Aeschynomene rudis	rough jointvetch	Eval No List	No	D	C	D	3.2	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Serious agricultural weed, but not known to have impacts in wildlands.
Ageratina adenophora	croftonweed, eupatorium	Moderate	No	B	B	B	2.8	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Coastal canyons, scrub, slopes. Very invasive in Australia, limited information and distribution in CA.
Agrostis avenacea	Pacific bentgrass	Limited	No	C	C	C	2.4	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Vernal pools, coastal prairie, meadows, grasslands. Impacts are low in most areas.
Agrostis stolonifera	creeping bentgrass 	Limited	No	C	B	C	1.9	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Wetlands, riparian; grown for domestic forage. Limited distribution and impacts unknown.
Ailanthus altissima 	tree-of-heaven	Moderate	No	B	B	B	3.0	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	Riparian areas, grasslands, oak woodland. Impacts highest in riparian areas.
Aira caryophyllea	silver hairgrass	Eval No List	No	D	C	A	2.6	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Widespread in grasslands, but impacts appear negligible.
Aira praecox	European hairgrass	Eval No List	No	D	C	C	2.8	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Appears to be spreading locally, but impacts unknown.
Albizia lophantha	plume acacia	Eval No List	No	U	C	C	1.5	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Present in Golden Gate National Recreation Area. Need more information.
Alhagi maurorum	camelthorn	Moderate	No	B	B	B	3.2	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	Y	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Grassland, meadows, riparian and desert scrub, Sonoran thorn woodland. Very invasive in southwestern states. Limited distribution in CA.
Allium triquetrum	three-cornered leek	Eval No List	No	U	C	C	1.6	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Impacts unknown.
Alternanthera philoxeroides 	alligator weed	High	Alert	A	B	C	2.9	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Freshwater aquatic systems, including marshes
Ammophila arenaria 	European beachgrass	High	No	A	B	B	3.2	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Coastal dunes
Anthemis cotula	mayweed chamomile, dog fennel	Eval No List	No	D	B	B	2.4	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Abiotic and wildife impacts unknown
Anthoxanthum odoratum	sweet vernalgrass	Moderate	No	B	B	B	2.7	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Coastal prairie, coniferous forest. Little information available on impacts and limited ecological range.
Arctotheca calendula (fertile)	fertile capeweed	Moderate	Alert	B	B	C	3.6	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Coastal prairie; can produce seed. Important agricultural weed in Australia, but limited distribution in CA.
Arctotheca calendula (sterile)	sterile capeweed	Moderate	No	B	B	B	2.8	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Coastal prairie; only propagates vegetatively. More competitive than fertile form, but limited distribution.
Arundo donax 	giant reed	High	No	A	B	A	2.8	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Riparian areas, commercially grown for musical instrument reeds, structural material, etc.
Asparagus asparagoides	bridal creeper	Moderate	Alert	B	B	D	2.6	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Riparian woodland
Asphodelus fistulosus	onionweed	Moderate	Alert	B	A	C	2.9	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Coastal dunes, prairie, grasslands. More invasive in Australia. High invasiveness but limited distribution in CA.
Atriplex semibaccata 	Australian saltbush	Moderate	No	B	B	B	2.9	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Coastal grasslands, scrub, upper salt marsh. Limited distribution, but can be very invasive regionally.
Avena barbata	slender wild oat	Moderate	No	B	B	A	3.5	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	Y	N	Coastal scrub, grasslands, oak woodland, forest. Very widespread, but impacts more severe in desert regions.
Avena fatua	wild oat	Moderate	No	B	B	A	3.2	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	Y	N	Coastal scrub, chaparral, grasslands, woodland, forest. Very widespread, but impacts more severe in desert regions.
Bassia hyssopifolia 	fivehook bassia	Limited	No	C	C	B	2.7	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Alkaline habitats. Weed of agriculture or disturbed sites.  Impacts minor in wildlands.
Bellardia trixago 	bellardia	Limited	No	C	C	C	1.9	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Grasslands, including serpentine. Impacts and invasiveness appear to be minor. 
Bellis perennis	English daisy	Eval No List	No	D	C	C	2.8	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Present along trails, not known to spread into undisturbed areas
Berberis darwinii	Darwin barberry	Eval No List	No	U	B	D	2.1	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Impacts unknown
Brachypodium distachyon	annual false-brome, false brome, purple false broom, stiff brome	Moderate	No	B	B	B	2.6	N	N	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Valley and foothill grassland, cimontane woodland
Brachypodium sylvaticum	perennial false-brome	Moderate	Alert	B	A	D	2.5	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Redwoods and mixed evergreen forest in Santa Cruz Mtns. Expanding range rapidly in OR, potentially very invasive.
Brassica nigra	black mustard	Moderate	No	B	B	A	2.0	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Widespread. Primarily a weed of disturbed sites, but can be locally a more significant problem in wildlands.
Brassica rapa 	birdsrape mustard, field mustard	Limited	No	C	B	B	1.8	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	Y	N	N	N	Coastal scrub, grasslands meadows, riparian. Primarily in disturbed areas, Impacts appear to be minor or unknown in wildlands.
Brassica tournefortii 	Saharan mustard, African mustard	High	No	A	A	B	2.3	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Desert dunes, desert and coastal scrub
Briza maxima	big quackingrass, rattlesnakegrass	Limited	No	B	C	B	2.3	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Grasslands. Widespread in coast range. Impacts generally minor, but locally can be higher.
Bromus diandrus	ripgut brome	Moderate	No	B	B	A	3.3	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Dunes, scrub, grassland, woodland, forest. Very widespread, but monotypic stands uncommon.
Bromus hordeaceus 	soft brome	Limited	No	B	C	A	2.8	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Grasslands, sagebrush, serpentine soils, many other habitats. Very widespread, but primarily in converted annual grasslands.
Bromus japonicus	Japanese brome, Japanese chess	Limited	No	B	C	B	2.6	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Great Basin grassland, valley and foothill grassland, pinon and juniper woodland, lower montane coniferous forest
Bromus madritensis ssp. rubens	red brome	High	No	A	B	A	3.0	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Scrub, grassland, desert washes, woodlands
Bromus tectorum 	downy brome, cheatgrass	High	No	A	B	A	3.1	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Interior scrub, woodlands, grasslands, pinon/Joshua tree woodland, chaparral.
Buddleja davidii	butterflybush	Eval No List	No	D	B	D	2.5	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Not known to be invasive in CA, although it is a problem in Oregon.
Cakile maritima	European sea-rocket	Limited	No	C	B	B	3.6	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Coastal dunes. Widespread, but impacts appear to be minor.
Cardaria chalepensis	lens-podded white-top	Moderate	Alert	B	B	C	3.2	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	Central Valley wetlands. Limited distribution in CA. May not be as invasive as C. draba.
Cardaria draba	hoary cress	Moderate	No	B	B	B	2.6	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Riparian areas, marshes of central coast. More severe invasive in northern CA.
Cardaria pubescens	hairy whitetop	Limited	No	C	B	C	2.5	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Grasslands and meadows. Impacts unknown but may be significant in meadows of CaR.
Carduus acanthoides	plumeless thistle	Limited	No	B	C	C	3.0	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	Y	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	Valley and foothill grasslands. Distribution limited in CA, impacts higher locally.
Carduus nutans	musk thistle	Moderate	No	B	B	B	3.1	N	N	Y	N	N	Y	Y	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	Grasslands. More invasive in other western states. Limited distribution in CA.
Carduus pycnocephalus	Italian thistle	Moderate	No	B	B	A	2.9	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	Y	N	Forest, scrub, grasslands, woodland. Very widespread. Impacts may be variable regionally.
Carduus tenuiflorus	slenderflower thistle	Limited	No	C	C	B	2.8	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Valley and foothill grasslands. Limited distribution, Impacts appear to be minor.
Carpobrotus chilensis	sea-fig, iceplant	Moderate	No	B	B	A	1.8	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Coastal dunes, scrub, prairie. Little information on species, most inferred from C. edulis.
Carpobrotus edulis	Hottentot-fig, iceplant	High	No	A	B	A	3.3	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Coastal habitats, especially dunes
Carthamus lanatus 	woolly distaff thistle	Moderate	Alert	A	B	C	2.8	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Grasslands. Expanding in coast ranges, may become more severe. Current distribution limited.
Centaurea calcitrapa	purple starthistle	Moderate	No	B	B	B	2.7	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	Grasslands. Impacts regionally variable. Distribution relatively limited.
Centaurea debeauxii	meadow knapweed	Moderate	Alert	B	B	C	2.7	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Grasslands. Spreading rapidly in NW CA, but distribution limited elsewhere. Little known of impacts.
Centaurea diffusa	diffuse knapweed	Moderate	No	B	B	B	3.3	N	N	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	Severe impacts in other western states. Limited distribution in CA with impacts higher in some locations.
Centaurea maculosa	spotted knapweed	High	No	A	B	B	3.4	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	Riparian, grasslands, wet meadows, forests. More widely distributed in other western states.
Centaurea melitensis 	Malta starthistle, tocalote	Moderate	No	B	B	B	2.6	N	N	Y	N	N	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Grasslands, oak woodland; sometimes misidentified as C. solstitialis. Impacts vary regionally.
Centaurea solstitialis	yellow starthistle	High	No	A	B	A	3.0	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Grasslands, woodlands, occasionally riparian
Centaurea virgata ssp. squarrosa	squarrose knapweed	Moderate	No	B	B	B	2.8	N	N	Y	N	N	Y	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	Scrub, grassland, pinyon-juniper woodland. Highly invasive in UT and other western states. Limited distribution in CA.
Cestrum parqui	willow jessamine	Eval No List	No	U	B	C	2.0	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Impacts unknown
Chondrilla juncea 	rush skeletonweed	Moderate	No	B	B	B	3.1	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Grasslands. Very invasive in other western states, but currently limited in distribution in CA.
Chorispora tenella	blue mustard	Eval No List	No	U	C	C	1.5	N	N	Y	N	Y	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	Impacts unknown
Chrysanthemum coronarium	crown daisy	Moderate	No	B	B	B	2.0	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Coastal prairie, dunes, and scrub. Impacts generally low to moderate, but can vary regionally. 
Cirsium arvense	Canada thistle	Moderate	No	B	B	B	2.8	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	Y	N	Grasslands, riparian areas, forests. Severe impacts in other western states. Limited distribution in CA.
Cirsium vulgare 	bull thistle	Moderate	No	B	B	B	3.3	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	Riparian areas, marshes, meadows. Widespread, can be very problematic regionally.
Cistus ladanifer	gum rockrose	Eval No List	No	D	C	C	3.3	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Negligible known impacts in wildlands
Conicosia pugioniformis 	narrowleaf iceplant	Limited	No	C	B	C	2.1	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Coastal dunes, scrub, grassland. Limited distribution. Impacts generally minor but can be higher locally.
Conium maculatum 	poison-hemlock	Moderate	No	B	B	B	2.8	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Riparian woodland, grassland. Widespread in disturbed areas. Abiotic impacts unknown. Impacts can vary locally.
Convolvulus arvensis	field bindweed	Eval No List	No	C	B	B	3.5	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Only known as agricultural weed
Cordyline australis	giant dracaena, New Zealand cabbage tree	Limited	No	C	C	C	2.0	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Coniferous forest. Two reports of horticultural escape into wildlands. Appears best suited to moist, cool climates. 
Cortaderia jubata 	jubatagrass	High	No	A	A	A	3.1	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Many coastal and interior habitats 
Cortaderia selloana 	pampasgrass	High	No	A	A	B	3.2	N	N	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	Y	N	Coastal dunes, coastal scrub, Monterey pine, riparian, grasslands, wetlands, serpentine soils. Still spreading both coastal and inland.
Cotoneaster franchetii	orange cotoneaster	Moderate	No	B	A	B	2.6	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Coniferous forest. Limited distribution. Abiotic impacts largely unknown.
Cotoneaster lacteus	Parney's cotoneaster	Moderate	No	B	B	B	2.1	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Many coastal habitats, mainly a problem from SF Bay Area north along coast but also in San Diego County. Limited distribution. Abiotic impacts largely unknown.
Cotoneaster pannosus	silverleaf cotoneaster	Moderate	No	B	A	B	2.5	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Many coastal habitats, mainly a problem from SF Bay Area north along coast. Limited distribution. Abiotic impacts largely unknown.
Cotula coronopifolia	brassbuttons	Limited	No	C	C	B	2.2	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Salt and freshwater marshes. Impacts largely unknown, but appear to be minor.
Crataegus monogyna 	hawthorn	Limited	No	C	B	C	3.4	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Riparian habitats, woodland. Limited distribution. Impacts appear to be minor.
Crocosmia x crocosmiiflora	montbretia	Limited	No	C	B	B	2.6	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Coastal scrub and prairie, north coast forests. Abiotic impacts unknown.  Higher invasiveness in some areas.
Crupina vulgaris	common crupina, bearded creeper	Limited	No	B	C	B	3.2	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	Forest, woodland, grassland. Distribution limited. More invasive in other western states.
Cupressus macrocarpa	Monterey cypress	Native	No	B	B	B	2.3	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Native to Monterey area. Invades coastal prairie, desert scrub, riparian areas.
Cynara cardunculus	artichoke thistle	Moderate	No	B	B	B	4.0	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Coastal grasslands. Impacts more severe in southern CA where monotypic stands are more common.
Cynodon dactylon	bermudagrass	Moderate	No	B	B	B	3.3	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Riparian scrub in southern CA. Common landscape weed, but can be very invasive in desert washes.
Cynoglossum officinale 	houndstongue	Moderate	No	B	B	B	2.5	N	N	Y	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Woodland, forest, interior dunes. Abiotic impacts unknown. Limited distribution. Can have impacts in other western states.
Cynosurus echinatus 	hedgehog dogtailgrass	Moderate	No	B	B	A	2.5	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Oak woodland, grassland. Widespread, impacts vary regionally, but typically not in monotypic stands.
Cytisus scoparius	Scotch broom	High	No	A	B	A	3.2	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Coastal scrub, oak woodland, horticultural varieties may also be invasive.
Cytisus striatus	Portuguese broom	Moderate	No	B	B	B	2.7	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Coastal scrub, grasslands; often confused with C. scoparius. Limited distribution.
Dactylis glomerata	orchardgrass	Limited	No	C	B	B	2.9	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	Grasslands, broadleaved forest, woodlands; common forage species. Impacts appear to be minor.
Daucus carota	wild carrot, Queen Anne's lace	Eval No List	No	D	C	B	2.7	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Very widespread, but primarily in disturbed sites, particularly roadsides
Delairea odorata	Cape-ivy, German-ivy	High	No	A	A	B	3.1	N	N	Y	Y	N	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Coastal, occasionally other riparian areas, common discard from gardens.
Descurainia sophia	flixweed, tansy mustard	Limited	No	C	B	B	1.9	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Scrub, grassland, woodland. Impacts appear to be minor, but locally more invasive in NE CA.
Digitalis purpurea	foxglove	Limited	No	C	B	B	2.4	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Forest, woodland. Widely escaped ornamental. Impacts largely unknown but appear to be minor.
Dimorphotheca sinuata	African daisy	Eval No List	No	D	C	B	1.8	N	N	N	Y	Y	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Impacts to abiotic processes and plant communities unknown
Dipsacus fullonum	common teasel	Moderate	No	B	B	B	3.8	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Grasslands, seep, riparian scrub. Impacts regionally variable, forms dense stands on occasion.
Dipsacus sativus	fuller's teasel	Moderate	No	B	B	B	3.8	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Grasslands, seep, bogs. Impacts regionally variable, forms dense stands on occasion.
Dittrichia graveolens	stinkwort	Moderate	Alert	B	A	C	3.0	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Grasslands, riparian scrub. Spreading rapidly, impacts may become more important in future.
Echium candicans	pride-of-Madeira	Limited	No	C	B	B	1.5	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Little information on impacts.
Egeria densa 	Brazilian egeria	High	No	A	A	B	3.1	N	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	Y	N	N	Y	N	N	N	Streams, ponds, sloughs, lakes, Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.
Ehrharta calycina 	purple veldtgrass	High	No	A	A	B	3.4	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Sandy soils, especially dunes; rapidly spreading on central coast.
Ehrharta erecta 	erect veldtgrass	Moderate	No	B	B	B	2.2	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Scrub, grasslands, woodland, forest. Spreading rapidly, impacts may become more important in future.
Ehrharta longiflora	long-flowered veldtgrass	Moderate	Alert	B	B	C	2.8	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Coastal scrub. Limited distribution, but spreading rapidly in southern CA. Impacts largely unknown.
Eichhornia crassipes 	water hyacinth	High	Alert	A	A	C	3.2	N	N	N	Y	Y	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Aquatic systems in Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta 
Elaeagnus angustifolia	Russian-olive	Moderate	No	B	A	B	3.3	N	N	N	Y	Y	N	N	Y	N	N	Y	N	Y	N	Interior riparian. Impacts more severe in other western states. Current distribution limited in CA.
Emex spinosa	spiny emex, devil's-thorn	Moderate	Alert	B	B	D	1.6	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Edges of beaches, other coastal habitats. Invasive in other states and countries. Spreading rapidly in southern CA. Impacts not well known.
Erechtites glomerata, E. minima 	Australian fireweed, Australian burnweed	Moderate	No	C	B	A	3.2	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Coastal woodland, scrub, forests. Widespread on coast, but impacts low overall. May vary locally.
Erigeron karvinskianus	Mexican daisy	Eval No List	No	U	B	C	1.9	N	N	N	Y	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Impacts unknown, but appears to be expanding. May become more problematic in future
Erodium botrys	broadleaf filaree	Eval No List	No	D	C	A	2.8	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Present in wildlands but known impacts are negligible. Often transient.
Erodium brachycarpum	short-fruited filaree	Eval No List	No	C	C	A	2.6	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Present in wildlands but known impacts are negligible.Often transient.
Erodium cicutarium	redstem filaree	Limited	No	C	C	A	3.1	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Many habitats. Widespread. Impacts minor in wildlands. High-density populations transient.
Erodium moschatum	whitestem filaree	Eval No List	No	D	C	A	2.7	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Primarily an agricultural weed, little impact in wildlands.
Eucalyptus camaldulensis	red gum	Limited	No	C	C	C	2.2	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Mainly southern CA urban areas. Impacts, invasiveness and distribution all minor.
Eucalyptus globulus 	Tasmanian blue gum	Moderate	No	B	B	B	2.8	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Riparian areas, coastal grasslands, scrub. Impacts can be much higher in coastal areas.
Euphorbia esula	leafy spurge	High	Alert	A	A	C	3.5	N	N	Y	N	N	Y	N	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	Forests, woodlands, juniper forest. More widespread invasive in northern states.
Euphorbia lathyris	caper spurge	Eval No List	No	D	C	B	2.2	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Abiotic impacts unknown
Euphorbia oblongata 	oblong spurge	Limited	No	C	C	B	2.0	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Meadows, woodlands. Limited distribution. Impacts unknown. Locally in dense stands.
Euphorbia terracina	carnation spurge	Moderate	Alert	B	B	C	1.7	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Coastal scrub. Limited distribution.  Spreading in southern CA. Impacts unknown.
Festuca arundinacea 	tall fescue	Moderate	No	B	B	A	2.9	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Coastal scrub, grasslands; common forage grass. Widespread, abiotic impacts unknown.
Ficus carica	edible fig	Moderate	No	B	A	B	2.6	N	N	N	Y	Y	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Riparian woodland. Can spread rapidly. Abiotic impacts unknown. Can be locally very problematic.
Foeniculum vulgare 	fennel	High	No	A	B	A	3.0	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Grasslands, scrub.
Fraxinus uhdei	evergreen ash, shamel ash, tropical ash	Eval No List	No	U	B	D	3.0	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	
Fumaria officinalis	fumitory	Eval No List	No	D	C	D	2.3	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Abiotic impacts unknown
Genista monspessulana	French broom	High	No	A	A	B	3.2	N	N	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Coastal scrub, oak woodland, grasslands. Horticultural selections may also be invasive.
Geranium dissectum 	cutleaf geranium	Moderate	No	C	B	A	1.7	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Numerous habitats but impacts appear minor.
Geranium molle 	dovefoot geranium	Eval No List	No	D	B	A	1.7	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Present in wildlands, but known impacts are negligible
Geranium retrorsum	New Zealand geranium	Eval No List	No	D	B	B	1.9	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Present in wildlands, but known impacts are negligible
Geranium robertianum	herb-robert, Robert geranium	Eval No List	No	D	B	C	2.8	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Present in wildlands, but known impacts are negligible
Gleditsia triacanthos	honey locust	Eval No List	No	D	B	C	3.3	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Impacts unknown and distribution very limited
Glyceria declinata	waxy mannagrass	Moderate	No	B	B	B	1.9	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Vernal pools, moist grasslands. Often confused with native Glyceria. Impacts largely unknown, but may be significant in vernal pools.
Halogeton glomeratus	halogeton	Moderate	No	B	A	B	3.0	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	N	Scrub, grasslands, pinyon-juniper woodland. Larger problem in NV. Monotypic stands are rare.
Hedera helix, H. canariensis 	English ivy, Algerian ivy	High	No	A	A	A	2.7	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Coastal forests, riparian areas. Species combined due to genetics questions.
Helichrysum petiolare	licoriceplant	Limited	No	C	B	C	2.0	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	North coastal scrub. Limited distribution. Impacts unknown, but can form dense stands.
Hirschfeldia incana	shortpod mustard, summer mustard	Moderate	No	B	B	A	1.9	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	Y	N	Scrub, grasslands, riparian areas. Impacts not well understood, but appear to be greater in southern CA.
Holcus lanatus 	common velvet grass	Moderate	No	B	B	A	2.9	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	N	Coastal grasslands, wetlands. Impacts can be more severe locally, especially in wetland areas.
Hordeum marinum, H. murinum	Mediterranean barley, hare barley, wall barley	Moderate	No	B	B	A	2.8	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Grasslands; H. marinum invades drier habitats, while H. murinum invades wetlands. Widespread, but generally do not form dominant stands.
Hydrilla verticillata	hydrilla	High	Alert	A	B	C	3.2	N	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Freshwater aquatic systems. The most important submerged aquatic invasive in southern states.
Hypericum canariense	Canary Island hypericum	Moderate	Alert	B	B	C	1.2	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Coastal scrub, prairie. Impacts unknown, distribution limited. Spreading rapidly on central coast.
Hypericum perforatum	common St. John's wort, klamathweed	Moderate	No	B	B	B	3.7	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Many northern CA habitats. Abiotic impacts low. Biological control agents have reduced overall impact.
Hypochaeris glabra 	smooth catsear	Limited	No	C	B	B	3.1	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Scrub and woodlands. Widespread. Impacts appear to be minor. Some local variability.
Hypochaeris radicata	rough catsear, hairy dandelion	Moderate	No	C	B	A	2.2	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Coastal dunes, scrub, and prairie; woodland, forest. Widespread. Impacts unknown or appear to be minor.
Ilex aquifolium 	English holly	Moderate	Alert	B	B	C	2.7	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	North coast forests. Expanding range south from OR.
Iris pseudacorus 	yellowflag iris	Limited	No	C	B	C	2.3	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Riparian, wetland areas, esp. southern CA. Limited distribution.  Abiotic impacts unknown.
Isatis tinctoria 	dyer's woad	Moderate	No	B	B	A	3.0	N	N	Y	N	N	Y	Y	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	Great Basin scrub and grasslands, coniferous forest. More severe impacts in other western states, but can be locally very invasive in northern CA.
Kochia scoparia 	kochia	Moderate	No	B	C	B	3.2	N	N	N	Y	Y	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Scrub, chaparral, grasslands
Lactuca serriola	prickly lettuce	Eval No List	No	D	B	B	3.1	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Primarily an agricultural and roadside weed
Lepidium latifolium	perennial pepperweed, tall whitetop	High	No	A	A	A	3.1	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	N	Coastal and inland marshes, riparian areas, wetlands, grasslands; potential to invade montane wetlands.
Leptospermum laevigatum	Australian tea tree	Eval No List	No	D	C	D	2.2	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Very limited distribution.
Leucanthemum vulgare 	ox-eye daisy	Moderate	No	B	B	B	2.5	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Montane meadows, coastal grasslands, coastal scrub. Expanding range, invasiveness varies locally.
Ligustrum lucidum	glossy privet	Eval No List	No	D	B	C	3.1	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	May prove to be problematic in riparian areas.
Linaria genistifolia ssp. dalmatica	Dalmation toadflax	Moderate	No	B	B	B	2.8	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Grasslands, forest clearings. Limited distribution. More severe impacts in other western states.
Linaria vulgaris	yellow toadflax, butter and eggs	Moderate	No	B	B	B	2.3	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	valley and foothill grassland, Great Basin grassland, riparian woodland, lower montane coniferous forest, upper montane coniferous forest
Lobularia maritima	sweet alyssum	Limited	No	C	B	B	2.4	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Coastal dune, coastal scrub, coastal prairie, riparian.
Lolium multiflorum	Italian ryegrass	Moderate	No	A	B	A	2.6	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Grasslands, oak woodland, pinyon-juniper woodland; widely used for post-fire erosion control. Widespread. Impacts can vary with region.
Lotus corniculatus	birdsfoot trefoil	Eval No List	No	D	B	B	2.8	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	Primarily a turf or agricultural weed in CA
Ludwigia hexapetala	Uruguay water-primrose	High	Alert	A	B	C	2.6	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Freshwater aquatic systems. Clarification needed on taxonomic identification.
Ludwigia peploides ssp. montevidensis	creeping water-primrose	High	No	A	B	B	2.5	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	Y	N	Freshwater aquatic systems. Clarification needed on taxonomic identification.
Lupinus arboreus	yellow bush lupine	Native	No	B	B	B	3.5	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Invasive in NW coastal dunes.
Lythrum hyssopifolium	hyssop loosestrife	Limited	No	C	B	B	3.0	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Grasslands, wetlands, vernal pools. Widespread. Impacts unknown, but appear to be minor.
Lythrum salicaria	purple loosestrife	High	No	A	A	B	3.8	N	N	N	N	Y	Y	N	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	Wetlands, marshes, riparian areas
Malephora crocea	coppery mesembryanthemum	Eval No List	No	D	C	C	2.0	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	A problem on southern CA islands, but statewide impacts are low
Marrubium vulgare 	white horehound	Limited	No	C	C	B	2.8	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	Y	N	Grasslands scrub, riparian areas. Widespread. Rarely in dense stands. Impacts relatively minor.
Maytenus boaria	mayten	Eval No List	No	D	C	D	2.4	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Infestation on Angel Island, San Francisco Bay
Medicago polymorpha	California burclover	Limited	No	C	C	A	2.8	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Grasslands. Widespread weed of agriculture and disturbed areas. Impacts in wildlands minor.
Melilotus officinalis	yellow sweetclover	Eval No List	No	D	C	C	3.3	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	Present in human-disturbed habitats only
Mentha pulegium	pennyroyal	Moderate	No	C	A	A	2.7	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Vernal pools, wetlands. Poisonous to livestock. Spreading rapidly. Impacts largely unknown.
Mesembryanthemum crystallinum	crystalline iceplant	Moderate	Alert	B	B	C	3.7	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Coastal bluffs, dunes, scrubs, grasslands. Limited distribution. Locally problematic, especially in southern CA.
Myoporum laetum	myoporum	Moderate	No	B	B	B	2.6	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Coastal habitats, riparian areas; mostly along the southern coast. Abiotic impacts unknown.
Myosotis latifolia	common forget-me-not	Limited	No	C	B	B	2.2	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	Y	N	Coniferous forest, riparian. Little information on impacts.
Myriophyllum aquaticum 	parrotfeather	High	Alert	A	B	C	2.8	N	N	Y	Y	N	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Freshwater aquatic systems
Myriophyllum spicatum 	Eurasian watermilfoil	High	No	A	A	B	2.8	N	N	N	Y	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Freshwater aquatic systems
Nerium oleander	oleander	Eval No List	No	D	B	D	2.6	N	N	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Not known to be invasive, although reported from riparian areas in Central Valley and San Bernardino Mtns
Nicotiana glauca	tree tobacco	Moderate	No	B	B	B	2.5	N	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Coastal scrub, grasslands, riparian woodland. Abiotic impacts unknown. Impacts vary locally. Rarely in dense stands.
Nothoscordum gracile	false garlic	Eval No List	No	D	B	D	2.1	N	N	N	Y	Y	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Mainly an urban garden weed.
Nymphaea odorata	fragrant waterlily	Eval No List	No	D	B	C	2.3	N	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Present only at one site.
Olea europaea	olive	Limited	No	C	B	B	2.5	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	A problem in Australia. Currently a rare escape in CA but is of concern due to the possibility of spread from planted groves.
Ononis alopecuroides	foxtail restharrow	Limited	No	C	B	C	2.2	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Grasslands, oak woodland. Highly invasive. Impacts unknown. Nearly eradicated.
Onopordum acanthium 	Scotch thistle	High	No	B	B	B	2.9	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	Wet meadows, sage brush, riparian areas
Oxalis corniculata	creeping woodsorrel	Eval No List	No	D	C	C	2.2	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Primarily a turf weed in CA
Oxalis pes-caprae	Bermuda buttercup, buttercup oxalis, yellow oxalis	Moderate	No	B	B	B	2.9	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Coastal dunes, scrub, oak woodland. Impacts in coastal areas may prove more severe in time.
Parentucellia viscosa	yellow glandweed, sticky parentucellia	Limited	No	C	B	B	2.5	N	N	Y	Y	N	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Coastal prairie, grassland, and dunes. Impacts unknown, but can be locally significant.
Parkinsonia aculeata	Mexican Palo Verde	Eval No List	No	D	B	D	2.2	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Has not escaped into wildland enough to cause impacts.
Pennisetum clandestinum	kikuyugrass	Limited	No	C	C	B	2.3	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Present at low levels in numerous wildland habitats. Impacts unknown. Common turf weed.
Pennisetum setaceum 	crimson fountaingrass	Moderate	No	B	B	B	2.9	N	N	N	Y	Y	N	N	Y	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Coastal dunes and scrub, chaparral, grasslands. Some horticultural cultivars sterile. Very invasive in Hawaii.
Pennisetum villosum	feathertop	Eval No List	No	U	B	C	2.4	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	
Phalaris aquatica 	hardinggrass	Moderate	No	B	B	B	2.6	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	Y	N	Coastal sites, especially moist soils. Limited distribution. Can be highly invasive locally.
Phoenix canariensis	Canary Island date palm	Limited	No	C	B	D	2.3	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Desert washes; agricultural crop plant. Limited distribution in southern CA. Impacts can be higher locally.
Phragmites australis	common reed	Native	No	B	B	B	2.5	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Genetic issues make it unclear which strains are native to CA.
Phytolacca americana	common pokeweed	Limited	No	C	B	C	2.8	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	riparian forest, riparian woodland
Picris echioides	bristly oxtongue	Limited	No	C	B	B	2.4	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Coastal prairie, scrub, riparian woodland. Widespread locally. Abiotic impacts unknown.
Pinus radiata cultivars	Monterey pine	Native	No	B	B	B	2.6	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Five populations native to CA. Invades coastal scrub and prairie, chaparral.
Piptatherum miliaceum	smilograss	Limited	No	C	B	B	2.4	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Coastal dunes, scrub, riparian, grassland. Expanding range. Impacts largely unknown.
Pistachia chinensis	Chinese pistache	Eval No List	No	U	C	D	0.9	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Impacts unknown
Pittosporum undulatum	Victorian box	Eval No List	No	D	C	D	2.7	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Infestations in California are small. More problematic on north coast
Plantago coronopus	cutleaf plantain	Eval No List	No	U	C	B	1.7	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Impacts unknown. Common on north coast
Plantago lanceolata	buckhorn plantain, English plantain	Limited	No	C	C	B	2.1	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Many habitats. Turf weed primarily. Low density and impact in wildlands.
Poa pratensis	Kentucky bluegrass	Limited	No	C	B	B	2.7	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Grasslands scrub, riparian areas. Widespread turf plant. Abiotic impacts unknown.
Polygonum cuspidatum	Japanese knotweed	Moderate	Alert	B	B	D	2.7	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Riparian areas, wetlands, forest edges. More severe impacts in NW wetlands. Distribution limited in CA.
Polygonum sachalinense	Sakhalin knotweed	Moderate	Alert	B	B	D	2.5	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Riparian areas. More severe impacts in NW wetlands. Distribution limited in CA.
Polypogon monspeliensis and subspp.	rabbitfoot polypogon, annual beardgrass	Limited	No	C	C	B	2.3	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Margins of ponds and streams, seasonally wet places, edge of coastal dunes. Widespread. Impacts appear to be minor.
Potamogeton crispus 	curlyleaf pondweed	Moderate	No	B	B	B	3.2	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	Y	N	Freshwater aquatic systems. Can be very invasive locally.
Prunus cerasifera	cherry plum	Limited	No	C	B	B	1.8	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Riparian habitats, chaparral, woodland. Limited distribution. Abiotic impacts unknown.
Pyracantha angustifolia, P. crenulata, P. coccinea	pyracantha, firethorn	Limited	No	C	B	B	2.8	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Coastal scrub and prairie, riparian areas. Horticultural escape. Impacts unknown or minor.
Ranunculus repens	creeping buttercup	Limited	No	C	C	B	2.9	N	N	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Riparian areas, coniferous forest. Impacts appear to be minor to negligible in most areas.
Raphanus sativus	radish	Limited	No	C	C	B	2.5	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Present at low levels in numerous habitats. Widespread in disturbed sites.
Retama monosperma	bridal broom	Moderate	Alert	B	B	C	1.8	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Coastal scrub. Can spread rapidly but largely if uncontrolled. Limited distribution in CA.
Ricinus communis	castorbean	Limited	No	C	B	B	2.5	N	N	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	Y	N	Coastal scrub and prairie, riparian areas. Widespread in southern CA. Impacts locally variable.
Robinia pseudoacacia	black locust	Limited	No	C	B	B	2.8	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	Riparian areas, canyons. Severe impacts in southern states. Impacts minor in CA.
Rubus armeniacus	Himalaya blackberry	High	No	A	A	A	3.0	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Riparian areas, marshes, oak woodlands
Rumex acetosella	red sorrel, sheep sorrel	Moderate	No	B	B	A	2.3	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Many habitats, riparian areas, forest, wetlands. Widespread. Abiotic impacts unknown. Impacts can vary locally.
Rumex crispus 	curly dock	Limited	No	C	C	A	2.7	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Grasslands, vernal pool, meadows, riparian. Widespread.  Impacts appear to be minor.
Saccharum ravennae	ravennagrass	Moderate	Alert	B	A	C		N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	riparian scrub, marsh and swamp
Salsola paulsenii	barbwire Russian-thistle	Limited	No	C	C	C	2.9	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Desert and Great Basin scrub. Limited distribution. Impacts in desert appear to be minor.
Salsola soda	oppositeleaf Russian thistle	Moderate	No	B	B	B	2.8	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	marine systems, estuaries, vernal pool, marsh and swamp
Salsola tragus	Russian-thistle	Limited	No	C	B	B	2.8	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Desert dunes and scrub, alkali playa. Widespread. Impacts minor in wildlands.
Salvia aethiopis 	Mediterranean sage	Limited	No	C	B	B	2.5	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	Sagebrush, juniper, bunchgrass. Distribution limited. Impacts minor but can be locally higher.
Salvinia molesta	giant salvinia	High	Alert	A	A	C	2.9	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	Freshwater aquatic systems. Population in San Diego River was eradicated.
Sapium sebiferum	Chinese tallowtree	Moderate	Alert	B	B	C	3.2	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Riparian areas. Impacts severe in southeast US. Limited distribution in California, but spreading rapidly regionally.
Saponaria officinalis 	bouncingbet	Limited	No	C	B	C	2.5	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	Riparian scrub and woodland. Impacts unknown or minor, but appear to be locally variable.
Schinus molle 	Peruvian peppertree	Limited	No	C	B	B	2.5	N	N	N	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Riparian. Limited distribution. Impacts largely unknown in CA.
Schinus terebinthifolius 	Brazilian peppertree	Limited	No	C	B	C	2.6	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Riparian. Very invasive in tropics. Abiotic impacts unknown, but appear significant locally.
Schismus arabicus, Schismus barbatus	mediterraneangrass	Limited	No	B	C	A	2.3	N	N	N	Y	Y	N	N	Y	N	N	N	Y	N	N	Scrub, thorn woodland. Widespread in deserts. Impacts can be more important locally.
Senecio jacobaea 	tansy ragwort	Limited	No	C	B	B	2.8	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Grasslands, riparian. Impacts generally minor. Can be locally important in NW CA.
Sesbania punicea	red sesbania, scarlet wisteria	High	Alert	A	B	C	3.2	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	Y	Riparian areas
Silybum marianum	blessed milkthistle	Limited	No	C	C	A	3.5	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Grasslands, riparian. Widespread, primarily in disturbed areas Impacts can be higher locally
Sinapis arvensis 	wild mustard, charlock	Limited	No	C	C	C	2.9	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Grasslands. Primarily in disturbed sites. Impacts minor or unknown in wildlands.
Sisymbrium irio 	London rocket	Moderate	No	B	B	A	1.9	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Scrub, grasslands. Widespread. Primarily in disturbed sites. Impacts vary locally.
Solanum elaeagnifolium 	silverleaf nightshade	Eval No List	No	D	B	C	2.8	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Primarily agricultural weed, but escaping to wildlands in other countries. May prove to be more important in future.
Sonchus asper 	spiny sowthistle	Eval No List	No	D	B	B	3.1	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Primarily an agricultural weed
Spartina alterniflora (and S. alterniflora x foliosa hybrids)	smooth cordgrass and hybrids, Atlantic cordgrass	High	Alert	A	A	C	3.5	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	San Francisco Bay salt marshes and mudflats. Hybridizes with native S. foliosa.
Spartina anglica	common cordgrass	Moderate	Alert	B	B	D	3.4	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	San Francisco Bay salt marshes. Very severe impact in other countries. Limited distribution in CA.
Spartina densiflora	dense-flowered cordgrass	High	Alert	A	B	D	3.3	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	San Francisco and Humboldt Bay salt marshes
Spartina patens	saltmeadow cord grass	Limited	No	C	C	D	2.9	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	San Francisco Bay salt marshes. Very limited distribution. Impacts currently minor in CA, but high in other countries.
Spartium junceum 	Spanish broom	High	No	A	B	B	3.2	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	Y	N	Coastal scrub, grasslands, wetlands, oak woodland, forests
Stipa capensis	Mediterranean steppegrass,twisted-awned speargrass	Moderate	Alert	B	B	D	1.9	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	Desert scrub; first recorded in CA 1995. Limited distribution, but spreading rapidly in CA deserts.
Taeniatherum caput-medusae	medusahead	High	No	A	A	A	3.4	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	Grasslands, scrub, woodland
Tamarix aphylla	athel tamarisk	Limited	No	C	B	B	3.5	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	Y	N	N	N	Y	N	N	Desert washes, riparian areas. Limited distribution. Impacts minor, but can be locally higher.
Tamarix parviflora	smallflower tamarisk	High	No	A	A	B	3.1	N	N	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	N	N	Y	N	Y	N	Riparian areas, desert washes, coastal scrub
Tamarix ramosissima	saltcedar, tamarisk	High	No	A	A	A	3.3	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Desert washes, riparian areas, seeps and springs
Tanacetum vulgare	common tansy	Moderate	No	B	B	B	2.3	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Riparian areas, forest. Limited distribution. Severe problem in other western states.
Taraxacum officinale	common dandelion	Eval No List	No	D	B	B	2.8	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	Primarily a turf weed in CA
Torilis arvensis	hedgeparsley	Moderate	No	C	B	B	2.3	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Expanding range. Appear to have only moderate ecological impacts.
Tragopogon dubius	yellow salsify	Eval No List	No	D	C	B	3.2	N	N	N	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Generally a minor component of disturbed areas.
Trifolium hirtum 	rose clover	Moderate	No	C	B	B	2.8	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Grasslands, oak woodland. Widely planted in CA. Impacts relatively minor in most areas.
Tropaeolum majus	garden nasturtium	Eval No List	No	D	C	C	1.4	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Impacts on abiotic processes and native plants unknown
Ulex europaeus	gorse	High	No	A	B	B	2.9	N	N	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Scrub, woodland, forest, coastal grassland
Ulmus pumila	Siberian elm	Eval No List	No	D	B	B	2.5	N	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	Impacts unknown
Undaria pinnatifida	wakame	Limited	No	C	B	C	3.3	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Alga of estuaries. First recorded in CA in 2000. Impacts unknown, but do not appear to be significant
Verbascum thapsus 	common mullein,woolly mullein	Limited	No	C	B	B	3.8	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Meadows, riparian, sagebrush, pinyon-juniper woodlands. Widespread. Impacts minor.
Verbena bonariensis, Verbena litoralis	tall vervain, seashore vervain	Eval No List	No	D	B	C	2.1	N	N	Y	N	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Often in disturbed areas of irrigation canals
Vicia villosa	hairy vetch	Eval No List	No	D	C	B	2.8	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Primarily an agricultural weed, Widespread but impacts minor in wildlands.
Vinca major	big periwinkle	Moderate	No	B	B	B	2.8	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	Y	N	Riparian, oak woodlands, coastal scrub. Distribution currently limited but spreading in riparian areas. Impacts can be higher locally.
Vulpia bromoides	squirreltail fescue	Eval No List	No	D	C	B	2.9	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Less common than V. myuros
Vulpia myuros 	rattail fescue	Moderate	No	B	B	A	3.0	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Coastal sage scrub, chaparral. Widespread. Rarely forms monotypic stands, but locally problematic
Washingtonia robusta	Mexican fan palm	Moderate	Alert	B	B	C	2.7	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Desert washes. Limited distribution but spreading in southern CA. Impacts can be higher locally.
Watsonia meriana	bulbil watsonia	Limited	No	C	B	C	2.3	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Coastal prairie, coniferous forest. Abiotic impacts unknown, but may be locally dense.
Zantedeschia aethiopica	calla lily	Limited	No	C	B	C	2.1	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Coastal prairie, wetlands. Impacts high in other countries and local impacts may be high in CA.